scholarly journals TCDD Toxicity Mediated by Epigenetic Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Patrizi ◽  
Mario Siciliani de Cumis
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Tcdd Toxicity

Dioxins are highly toxic and persistent halogenated organic pollutants belonging to two families i.e., Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzo Furans (PCDFs). They can cause cancer, reproductive and developmental issues, damage to the immune system, and can deeply interfere with the endocrine system. Dioxins toxicity is mediated by the Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) which mediates the cellular metabolic adaptation to these planar aromatic xenobiotics through the classical transcriptional regulation pathway, including AhR binding of ligand in the cytosol, translocation of the receptor to the nucleus, dimerization with the AhR nuclear translocator, and the binding of this heterodimeric transcription factor to dioxin-responsive elements which regulate the expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. 2,3,7,8-TCDD is the most toxic among dioxins showing the highest affinity toward the AhR receptor. Beside this classical and well-studied pathway, a number of papers are dealing with the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the response to environmental xenobiotics. In this review, we report on the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in dioxins-induced cellular response by inspecting recent literature and focusing our attention on epigenetic mechanisms induced by the most toxic 2,3,7,8-TCDD.

scholarly journals Endocrine regulation of circadian physiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H Tsang ◽  
Mariana Astiz ◽  
Maureen Friedrichs ◽  
Henrik Oster
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Endogenous Rhythmicity ◽  
Circadian Physiology ◽  
External Time ◽  
High Calorie

Endogenous circadian clocks regulate 24-h rhythms of behavior and physiology to align with external time. The endocrine system serves as a major clock output to regulate various biological processes. Recent findings suggest that some of the rhythmic hormones can also provide feedback to the circadian system at various levels, thus contributing to maintaining the robustness of endogenous rhythmicity. This delicate balance of clock–hormone interaction is vulnerable to modern lifestyle factors such as shiftwork or high-calorie diets, altering physiological set points. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the communication between the circadian timing and endocrine systems, with a focus on adrenal glucocorticoids and metabolic peptide hormones. We explore the potential role of hormones as systemic feedback signals to adjust clock function and their relevance for the maintenance of physiological and metabolic circadian homeostasis.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Regulation of Drug Metabolism and Transport

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1725-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg ◽  
Xiao-Bo Zhong ◽  
Oliver Hankinson ◽  
Sudheer Beedanagari ◽  
Ai-Ming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms

scholarly journals The potential role of DFNA5, a hearing impairment gene, in p53-mediated cellular response to DNA damage

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 652-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Masuda ◽  
Manabu Futamura ◽  
Hiroki Kamino ◽  
Yasuyuki Nakamura ◽  
Noriaki Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Potential Role

scholarly journals Pleiotropic actions of estrogen: a mitochondrial matter

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Velarde
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Pleiotropic Actions

Estrogen provides many beneficial effects early in life by regulating normal tissue development and several physiological functions. While estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women was expected to reduce the health risks associated with the age-related decline in estrogen levels during menopause, ERT also resulted in increased progression to other types of diseases. Hence, distinguishing the signaling pathways that regulate the beneficial and detrimental effects of estrogen is important for developing interventions that selectively harness the hormone's beneficial effects, while minimizing its side effects. Estrogen can minimize mitochondrial dysfunction, which is thought to contribute to aging phenotypes. Decline in estrogen levels during menopause may lead to progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and may permanently alter cellular response, including that of estrogen (i.e., ERT). This review discusses the interplay between estrogen and mitochondrial function during the aging process and suggests a potential role of mitochondria in influencing the pleiotropic action of estrogen.

scholarly journals Mouse models of aneuploidy to understand chromosome disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Tosh ◽  
Victor Tybulewicz ◽  
Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Autosomal Aneuploidy ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Aneuploid Chromosome

AbstractAn organism or cell carrying a number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of the haploid count is in a state of aneuploidy. This condition results in significant changes in the level of expression of genes that are gained or lost from the aneuploid chromosome(s) and most cases in humans are not compatible with life. However, a few aneuploidies can lead to live births, typically associated with deleterious phenotypes. We do not understand why phenotypes arise from aneuploid syndromes in humans. Animal models have the potential to provide great insight, but less than a handful of mouse models of aneuploidy have been made, and no ideal system exists in which to study the effects of aneuploidy per se versus those of raised gene dosage. Here, we give an overview of human aneuploid syndromes, the effects on physiology of having an altered number of chromosomes and we present the currently available mouse models of aneuploidy, focusing on models of trisomy 21 (which causes Down syndrome) because this is the most common, and therefore, the most studied autosomal aneuploidy. Finally, we discuss the potential role of carrying an extra chromosome on aneuploid phenotypes, independent of changes in gene dosage, and methods by which this could be investigated further.

EP569 Potential role of PAI-1 in endometrial cancer progression and its regulation by epigenetic mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Marí-Alexandre ◽  
C Agababyan ◽  
P Pascual-Utiel ◽  
M Cubertorer-Navarro ◽  
J García-Oms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Pai 1

Molecular Biology and the Major Psychoses

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lloyd ◽  
Gavin Dixon ◽  
Xu Feng Huang ◽  
Phillip Ward ◽  
Stan Catts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Biological Studies

Objective:To highlight the potential role of molecular biological studies in examining the expression of genes of interest in brain tissue to elucidate the pathophysiological basis of the major psychoses. Method:To review the principles underlying the available techniques for expression studies. Results:Detection of messenger RNA by in situ hybridisation and quantitation by Northern analysis are powerful tools to detect abnormalities in gene expression in brain tissue. Conclusion:The availability of simple techniques to examine the expression of RNA and protein products of individual genes, including examination at the level of individual cells, offers a clear opportunity to define the molecular basis of the major psychoses.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Annexin AnnAt1 from Arabidopsis thaliana in pH-Mediated Cellular Response to Environmental Stimuli

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina M. Gorecka ◽  
Cyril Thouverey ◽  
Rene Buchet ◽  
Slawomir Pikula
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Environmental Stimuli
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