scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Binding Proteins (SABPs): The Hidden Forefront of Salicylic Acid Signalling

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Pokotylo ◽  
Volodymyr Kravets ◽  
Eric Ruelland
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Cell Redox Status

Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone that plays important roles in many aspects of plant life, notably in plant defenses against pathogens. Key mechanisms of SA signal transduction pathways have now been uncovered. Even though details are still missing, we understand how SA production is regulated and which molecular machinery is implicated in the control of downstream transcriptional responses. The NPR1 pathway has been described to play the main role in SA transduction. However, the mode of SA perception is unclear. NPR1 protein has been shown to bind SA. Nevertheless, NPR1 action requires upstream regulatory events (such as a change in cell redox status). Besides, a number of SA-induced responses are independent from NPR1. This shows that there is more than one way for plants to perceive SA. Indeed, multiple SA-binding proteins of contrasting structures and functions have now been identified. Yet, all of these proteins can be considered as candidate SA receptors and might have a role in multinodal (decentralized) SA input. This phenomenon is unprecedented for other plant hormones and is a point of discussion of this review.

Salicylic acid increases drought adaptability of young olive trees by changes on redox status and ionome

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Brito ◽  
Lia-Tânia Dinis ◽  
Helena Ferreira ◽  
João Coutinho ◽  
José Moutinho-Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Olive Trees

scholarly journals Structural dissection of a complex Bacteroides ovatus gene locus conferring xyloglucan metabolism in the human gut

Open Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 160142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn R. Hemsworth ◽  
Andrew J. Thompson ◽  
Judith Stepper ◽  
Łukasz F. Sobala ◽  
Travis Coyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Bacteroides Ovatus ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Individual Specificity

The human gastrointestinal tract harbours myriad bacterial species, collectively termed the microbiota, that strongly influence human health. Symbiotic members of our microbiota play a pivotal role in the digestion of complex carbohydrates that are otherwise recalcitrant to assimilation. Indeed, the intrinsic human polysaccharide-degrading enzyme repertoire is limited to various starch-based substrates; more complex polysaccharides demand microbial degradation. Select Bacteroidetes are responsible for the degradation of the ubiquitous vegetable xyloglucans (XyGs), through the concerted action of cohorts of enzymes and glycan-binding proteins encoded by specific xyloglucan utilization loci (XyGULs). Extending recent (meta)genomic, transcriptomic and biochemical analyses, significant questions remain regarding the structural biology of the molecular machinery required for XyG saccharification. Here, we reveal the three-dimensional structures of an α-xylosidase, a β-glucosidase, and two α- l -arabinofuranosidases from the Bacteroides ovatus XyGUL. Aided by bespoke ligand synthesis, our analyses highlight key adaptations in these enzymes that confer individual specificity for xyloglucan side chains and dictate concerted, stepwise disassembly of xyloglucan oligosaccharides. In harness with our recent structural characterization of the vanguard endo-xyloglucanse and cell-surface glycan-binding proteins, the present analysis provides a near-complete structural view of xyloglucan recognition and catalysis by XyGUL proteins.

scholarly journals Environmentally induced responses co-opted for reproductive altruism

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora M. Nedelcu
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Volvox Carteri ◽  
Varying Environments ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reproductive Altruism

Reproductive altruism is an extreme form of altruism best typified by sterile castes in social insects and somatic cells in multicellular organisms. Although reproductive altruism is central to the evolution of multicellularity and eusociality, the mechanistic basis for the evolution of this behaviour is yet to be deciphered. Here, we report that the gene responsible for the permanent suppression of reproduction in the somatic cells of the multicellular green alga, Volvox carteri , evolved from a gene that in its unicellular relative, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , is part of the general acclimation response to various environmental stress factors, which includes the temporary suppression of reproduction. Furthermore, we propose a model for the evolution of soma, in which by simulating the acclimation signal (i.e. a change in cellular redox status) in a developmental rather than environmental context, responses beneficial to a unicellular individual can be co-opted into an altruistic behaviour at the group level. The co-option of environmentally induced responses for reproductive altruism can contribute to the stability of this behaviour, as the loss of such responses would be costly for the individual. This hypothesis also predicts that temporally varying environments, which will select for more efficient acclimation responses, are likely to be more conducive to the evolution of reproductive altruism.

scholarly journals Docosahexaenoic acid enhances the antioxidant response of human fibroblasts by upregulating γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl ligase and glutathione reductase

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khelifa Arab ◽  
Adrien Rossary ◽  
Françoise Flourié ◽  
Yves Tourneur ◽  
Jean-Paul Steghens
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Time Course Study ◽  
Dose Response Effect ◽  
Cell Redox Status

The chemopreventive effects of dietaryn-3 PUFA in various pathologies has so far remained controversial, and we were interested in studying their potential influence on cell redox status. DHA (22:6n-3), a typical highly unsaturatedn-3 PUFA, was used at 30µmol/l in a model of human fibroblast cell culture. A dose–response effect, roughly linear, was checked for DHA between 0 and 60µmol/l, and was accompanied by a large increase in intracellular GSH content. A time course study of this effect shows that, after a short fall, as soon as 4h after the beginning of the experiment, the large increase in the GSH content was associated with elevated catalytic activities of γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl ligase, glutathione reductase and glutathioneS-transferase. This coordinated response is characteristic of an antioxidant response and was confirmed by the induction of expression of mRNA for γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl ligase, glutathione reductase and haem-oxygenase. This large increase in the GSH content contributes to decreasing the reactive oxygen species level, as assessed by the decreased accumulation of dichlorofluorescein inside cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a specific and potent effect of DHA for decreasing the oxidative stress of human fibroblasts.

Blood cell redox status and fatty acids

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lagarde ◽  
E. Véricel ◽  
B. Chabannes ◽  
A.F. Prigent
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cell Redox Status

Pb-induced responses in Zygophyllum fabago plants are organ-dependent and modulated by salicylic acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio López-Orenes ◽  
Ascensión Martínez-Pérez ◽  
Antonio A. Calderón ◽  
María A. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Induced Responses
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