scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-Based Mutagenesis of Starch Biosynthetic Genes in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas) for the Improvement of Starch Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Wang ◽  
Yinliang Wu ◽  
Yandi Zhang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Weijuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Nucleotide Insertions ◽  
Mutation Efficiency ◽  
Wild Type Control

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a powerful technology that has been used for the genetic modification of a number of crop species. In order to evaluate the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the root crop, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), two starch biosynthetic pathway genes, IbGBSSI (encoding granule-bound starch synthase I), and IbSBEII (encoding starch branching enzyme II), were targeted in the starch-type cultivar Xushu22 and carotenoid-rich cultivar Taizhong6. I. batatas was transformed using a binary vector, in which the Cas9 gene is driven by the Arabidopsis AtUBQ promoter and the guide RNA is controlled by the Arabidopsis AtU6 promoter. A total of 72 Xushu22 and 35 Taizhong6 transgenic lines were generated and analyzed for mutations. The mutation efficiency was 62–92% with multi-allelic mutations in both cultivars. Most of the mutations were nucleotide substitutions that lead to amino acid changes and, less frequently, stop codons. In addition, short nucleotide insertions or deletions were also found in both IbGBSSI and IbSBEII. Furthermore, a 2658 bp deletion was found in one IbSBEII transgenic line. The total starch contents were not significantly changed in IbGBSSI- and IbSBEII-knockout transgenic lines compared to the wild-type control. However, in the allopolyploid sweet potato, the IbGBSSI-knockout reduced, while the IbSBEII-knockout increased, the amylose percentage. Our results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 technology is an effective tool for the improvement of starch qualities in sweet potato and breeding of polyploid root crops.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG SWEET POTATO CROPS CULTIVATED BY TRADITIONAL FARMERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO FORLAN VARGAS ◽  
ERIC WATZKE ENGELKING ◽  
LUIS CARLOS FERREIRA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
ELIEL ALVES FERREIRA ◽  
HAMILTON CESAR DE OLIVERIA CHARLO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Crop Species

ABSTRACT The genetic variability within the crop species Ipomoea batatas is broad, hence, in order to support future breeding programs it is of the utmost importance that germplasm banks be created, conserved, and characterized. Therefore, the objective of this work was to rescue and evaluate the genetic divergence in sweet potato accessions collected in traditional communities of Vale do Ribeira Paulista. Sweet potato samples were collected from quilombos, indigenous villages, caiçaras communities, and small farms. The study was conducted between February 2013 and August 2014 in a randomized block design with three replications. Genetic material included 95 collected accessions and two commercial cultivars. Morphological characteristics of the accessions were evaluated and distances in the genetic distance matrix were estimated by means of multi-category variables, the data being subsequently clustered by the Tocher method. Analysis of the relative contribution of each characteristic and phenotypic correlation of descriptors was also performed. Results evidenced wide genetic diversity among the sweet potato accessions collected in Vale do Ribeira, which were not grouped according to the collection point. The descriptors that contributed more than 60% of genetic diversity included: leaf size, general leaf profile, immature leaf color, petiole pigmentation, predominant branch color, branch secondary color, stem length, cortical thickness, predominant periderm color, and periderm color intensity. Correlations between morphological descriptors was observed in 22.26% of the paired traits.

scholarly journals Resistance to Ditylenchus destructor Infection in Sweet Potato by the Expression of Small Interfering RNAs Targeting unc-15, a Movement-Related Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1458-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijuan Fan ◽  
Zhaorong Wei ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Peiyong Ma ◽  
Guiling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
Ditylenchus Destructor

Stem nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) is one of most serious diseases that limit the productivity and quality of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), a root crop with worldwide importance for food security and nutrition improvement. Hence, there is a global demand for developing sweet potato varieties that are resistant to the disease. In this study, we have investigated the interference of stem nematode infectivity by the expression of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in transgenic sweet potato that are homologous to the unc-15 gene, which affects the muscle protein paramyosin of the pathogen. The production of double-stranded RNAs and siRNAs in transgenic lines with a single transgene integration event was verified by Northern blot analysis. The expression of unc-15 was reduced dramatically in stem nematodes collected from the inoculated storage roots of transgenic plants, and the infection areas of their storage roots were dramatically smaller than that of wild-type (WT). Compared with the WT, the transgenic plants showed increased yield in the stem nematode-infested field. Our results demonstrate that the expression of siRNAs targeting the unc-15 gene of D. destructor is an effective approach in improving stem nematode resistance in sweet potato, in adjunct with the global integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Agrobacterium–mediated transformation of cry3ca1 gene into kb1 sweet potato cultivar

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Lan ◽  
Pham Bich Ngoc ◽  
Chu Hoang Ha ◽  
Le Tran Binh
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Cylas Formicarius ◽  
The World ◽  
Sweet Potato Weevil ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam is an important food crop in the world as well as in Vietnam. Despite its many benefits, the production of sweet potato is restricted in many areas of the world by diseases, weed, and, particularly, pests. As an alternative, genetic transformation provides the means for complementing conventional breeding to improve sweet potato to resistant to pest. In this study, shoot tip explants of KB1 sweet potato variety were infected with A. tumefaciens C58 carying pBI101/cry3Ca1 con-struct. The selection were occured on callus producing medium (SM) containing 0.5 g/L picloram, 50 mg/L kanamycin and 500 mg/L cefotaxime. Survival embryogenic calli were then transferred to embryo producing medium (EG2) supplemented with 1.0 mg/L ABA and 1.0 mg/L GA3 after 2–3 weeks. Putative transgenic shoots regenerated on medium (RM) adding 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 1.0 mg/L BAP were rooted on root producing medium (RR). The tentative transgenic lines were proved positively by PCR and finalized by Southern hybridization, and biotest in laboratory. Conclusionly, we obtained 62 tentative transgenic sweet potato lines resistant to kanamycin. Among these lines, five putative transgenic lines were proved positively by Southern hybridization and have one copies of the cry3Ca1 gene. Two of them have the lower degree of infestation by sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius) than that of untransformed lines.

Haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis uncovers the tetraploid progenitor of sweet potato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxiao Yan ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
M-Hossein Moeinzadeh ◽  
Dora G. Quispe-Huamanquispe ◽  
Weijuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Transport Stress

Abstract The hexaploid sweet potato is one of the most important root crops worldwide. However, its genetic origins, especially that of its tetraploid progenitor, are unclear. In this study, we conceived a pipeline consisting of a genome-wide variation-based phylogeny and a novel haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis (HPA) to determine that the tetraploid accession CIP695141 of Ipomoea batatas 4x from Peru is the tetraploid progenitor of sweet potato. We detected biased gene exchanges between subgenomes. The B1 to B2 subgenome conversions were almost 3-fold higher than the B2 to B1 subgenome conversions. Our analyses revealed that the genes involved in storage root formation, sugar transport, stress resistance, and maintenance of genome stability have been selected during the speciation and domestication of sweet potato. This study sheds lights on the evolution of sweet potato and paves a way for the improvement of sweet potato.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Variety Identification Based on Developed Retrotransposon-Based Insertion Polymorphism (RBIP) Markers in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusha Meng ◽  
Wenjin Su ◽  
Yanping Ma ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xingguo Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Variety Identification ◽  
Insertion Polymorphism ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposon ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposons ◽  
Crop Species

Abstract Sweet potato, a dicotyledonous and perennial plant, is the third most crucial tuber/root crop species behind potato and cassava in terms of production. Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are highly abundant in sweet potato, contributing to genetic diversity. These LTR retrotransposons play a significant role in sweet potato genotypes. Retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) is a high-throughput marker system to study the genetic diversity of plant species. To date, there have been no transposon marker-based genetic diversity analyses of sweet potato. We report a structure-based analysis of the sweet potato genome for the main LTR-retrotransposon subfamilies, Ty3-gypsy and Ty1-copia, which revealed a total of 21555 LTR retrotransposons. By searching using hidden Markov models (HMMs), 1616 LTR retrotransposon sequences containing at least two models were found. A total of 48 RBIP primers were synthesized based on the high copy numbers of conserved LTR sequences. RBIP markers of the genetic diversity and population structure of 105 sweet potato germplasm resources revealed 56 amplicons with an average polymorphism of 91.07%. Sweet potato accessions were collected from 6 provinces of China, Japan and America. A UPGMA dendrogram, a model-based genetic structure and principal component analysis (PCA) divided the sweet potato germplasms into 3 groups containing 8, 53, and 44 germplasms. All three analyses produced significant groupwise consensus. However, almost all the germplasms contained only one primary locus. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) among the groups indicated higher intergroup genetic variation (53%) than intrapopulation genetic variation. In addition, long-term self-retention may cause some germplasm resources to exhibit variable segregation. These results suggest that these sweet potato germplasms are not well evolutionarily diversified, although geographic speciation could have occurred at a limited level. This study highlights the utility of RBIP markers for determining the intraspecies variability of sweet potato.

Mineral nutrient disorders of root crops of the Pacific: Preliminary observations on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

1993 ◽  
Vol 155-156 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. O'Sullivan ◽  
C. J. Asher ◽  
F. P. C. Blamey ◽  
D. G. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Potential Impact of Climate Change on Six Economically Important Horticultural Crops in West Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Chinedu Felix Amuji
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Horticultural Crops

Colocasia esculenta (taro), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Ananas cosmosus (pineapple), Musa paradisiaca (plantain), and Anacardium occidentale (cashew) are economically important horticultural crops in West Africa, which are widely grown across the region under rain fed conditions. They are very important set of crops that provides income for the individuals involved with it and thus contributing to economy of West African nation’s. For Predicting the potential future habitat suitability of these crops under different climate scenarios holds significance for their continuous cultivation and effective management. The Maxent model was used in this study to predict habitat suitability of these crops under current and future climatic conditions based on two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the years 2050s and 2070s. The data used were the occurrence records from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and WorldClim’s bioclimatic environmental predictor variables. The findings of this experiment showed that the habitat suitability of some crop species will =decrease and in some it will increase. Suitable habitat was predicted to decrease within the semi-arid and arid areas of the region, especially on those countries in northern part which includes Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso, as early as by 2070s. For species like okra, sweet potato and taro, there will be further decline as predicted under the higher emission scenario of RCP 8.5. The suitable habitat for cashew remained stable for future in all the models and scenarios used. This work provides the first theoretical guidance for possible future cultivation of these horticultural crops in the West Africa.

Batatins VII-X, glycolipid ester-type dimers from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Rosas-Ramírez ◽  
R Pereda-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas

Pengaruh Profilaksis Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Karagenan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
BRILIAN DINANTI ◽  
FITRI HANDAJANI
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Potato Extract ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

<p>Liver is an organ with complex metabolism. When the liver is inflamed, cellular immunity will defend against inflammatory agents by stimulating immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation cause oxydative stress with increased  liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Some researches showed that purple sweet potato contain flavonoids (anthocyanins) that functioned as antioxydants. This study aimed to show the prophylactic effect of purple sweet potato extract to the liver MDA level of male Wistar rats induced by carrageenan.</p><p>This study used post-only control group method using 18 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: group of rats without treatment, group of rats induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan by intraplantar injection on day-8, and group of rats given with 872 mg/kgBW of purple sweet potato extract for 7 days and induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan. In the end of the study, the liver MDA levels were measured by Thio-Barbituric Acid method on each groups.</p><p>The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed there was no significant difference (p = 0,290) between group of rats without treatment (<em>x̅</em>= 207,50) and group of rats induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>=233,17). Then, there is no significant difference (p = 0.978) between group of rats induced by carrageenan and group of rats given with prophylactic purple sweet potato extract and induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>= 232,50).</p><p>The conclusion of this study is giving intraplantar injection of carrageenan can increase liver MDA level insignificantly and giving prophylactic purple sweet potato extract has an effect to decrease the liver MDA level of rats induced by carragenan insignificantly because it contains anthocyanins as antioxidants.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Liver, <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> L., Malondialdehyde, Anthocyanins

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