scholarly journals Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Ujendra Kumar ◽  
Sneha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Food Seeking

Obesity is one of the major social and health problems globally and often associated with various other pathological conditions. In addition to unregulated eating behaviour, circulating peptide-mediated hormonal secretion and signaling pathways play a critical role in food intake induced obesity. Amongst the many peptides involved in the regulation of food-seeking behaviour, somatostatin (SST) is the one which plays a determinant role in the complex process of appetite. SST is involved in the regulation of release and secretion of other peptides, neuronal integrity, and hormonal regulation. Based on past and recent studies, SST might serve as a bridge between central and peripheral tissues with a significant impact on obesity-associated with food intake behaviour and energy expenditure. Here, we present a comprehensive review describing the role of SST in the modulation of multiple central and peripheral signaling molecules. In addition, we highlight recent progress and contribution of SST and its receptors in food-seeking behaviour, obesity (orexigenic), and satiety (anorexigenic) associated pathways and mechanism.

Role of 5G network technology and artificial intelligence for research and reform of english situational teaching in higher vocational colleges

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiaoru Gao
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Backhaul Link ◽  
Vocational Colleges ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

In order to study the role of English situational teaching in higher vocational colleges, based on information technology and artificial intelligence, this research combines with the needs of English teaching to construct a English situation teaching in higher vocational colleges with the support of 5G network technology and artificial intelligence. Moreover, this research builds a data processing model based on the system architecture diagram of cache placement, uses storage space and computing resources to save more backhaul link bandwidth, and adopts the “many to many” algorithm extended by the “one to many” algorithm, and uses the on-demand method to obtain scenario teaching data from the cloud. In addition, this research constructs the intermediate link of data processing, and uses 5G network transmission to solve the problem of data transmission speed. Finally, this study uses a controlled experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence teaching model constructed in this study. The research shows that the English situation teaching method based on 5G network technology and artificial intelligence in vocational colleges has a certain effect and can effectively improve the English scores of vocational college students.

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor coagonist d-serine suppresses intake of high-preference food

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (5) ◽  
pp. R561-R575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Sasaki ◽  
Yoshihiro Kinoshita ◽  
Sho Matsui ◽  
Shigeru Kakuta ◽  
Hiromi Yokota-Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Food Access ◽  
High Preference ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

d-Serine is abundant in the forebrain and physiologically important for modulating excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission as a coagonist of synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. NMDA signaling has been implicated in the control of food intake. However, the role of d-serine on appetite regulation is unknown. To clarify the effects of d-serine on appetite, we investigated the effect of oral d-serine ingestion on food intake in three different feeding paradigms (one-food access, two-food choice, and refeeding after 24-h fasting) using three different strains of male mice (C57Bl/6J, BKS, and ICR). The effect of d-serine was also tested in leptin signaling-deficient db/ db mice and sensory-deafferented (capsaicin-treated) mice. The expression of orexigenic neuropeptides [neuropeptide Y ( Npy) and agouti-related protein ( Agrp)] in the hypothalamus was compared in fast/refed experiments. Conditioned taste aversion for high-fat diet (HFD) was tested in the d-serine-treated mice. Under the one-food-access paradigm, some of the d-serine-treated mice showed starvation, but not when fed normal chow. HFD feeding with d-serine ingestion did not cause aversion. Under the two-food-choice paradigm, d-serine suppressed the intake of high-preference food but not normal chow. d-Serine also effectively suppressed HFD intake but not normal chow in db/ db mice and sensory-deafferented mice. In addition, d-serine suppressed normal chow intake after 24-h fasting despite higher orexigenic gene expression in the hypothalamus. d-Serine failed to suppress HFD intake in the presence of L-701,324, the selective and full antagonist at the glycine-binding site of the NMDA receptor. Therefore, d-serine suppresses the intake of high-preference food through coagonism toward NMDA receptors.

ADF/n-cofilin–dependent actin turnover determines platelet formation and sizing

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1767-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Bender ◽  
Anita Eckly ◽  
John H. Hartwig ◽  
Margitta Elvers ◽  
Irina Pleines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filament ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
First Time ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Platelet Formation

Abstract The cellular and molecular mechanisms orchestrating the complex process by which bone marrow megakaryocytes form and release platelets remain poorly understood. Mature megakaryocytes generate long cytoplasmic extensions, proplatelets, which have the capacity to generate platelets. Although microtubules are the main structural component of proplatelets and microtubule sliding is known to drive proplatelet elongation, the role of actin dynamics in the process of platelet formation has remained elusive. Here, we tailored a mouse model lacking all ADF/n-cofilin–mediated actin dynamics in megakaryocytes to specifically elucidate the role of actin filament turnover in platelet formation. We demonstrate, for the first time, that in vivo actin filament turnover plays a critical role in the late stages of platelet formation from megakaryocytes and the proper sizing of platelets in the periphery. Our results provide the genetic proof that platelet production from megakaryocytes strictly requires dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Modeling multi-sensory feedback control of zebrafish in a flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e1008644
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Burbano-L. ◽  
Maurizio Porfiri
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Constant Distance

Understanding how animals navigate complex environments is a fundamental challenge in biology and a source of inspiration for the design of autonomous systems in engineering. Animal orientation and navigation is a complex process that integrates multiple senses, whose function and contribution are yet to be fully clarified. Here, we propose a data-driven mathematical model of adult zebrafish engaging in counter-flow swimming, an innate behavior known as rheotaxis. Zebrafish locomotion in a two-dimensional fluid flow is described within the finite-dipole model, which consists of a pair of vortices separated by a constant distance. The strength of these vortices is adjusted in real time by the fish to afford orientation and navigation control, in response to of the multi-sensory input from vision, lateral line, and touch. Model parameters for the resulting stochastic differential equations are calibrated through a series of experiments, in which zebrafish swam in a water channel under different illumination conditions. The accuracy of the model is validated through the study of a series of measures of rheotactic behavior, contrasting results of real and in-silico experiments. Our results point at a critical role of hydromechanical feedback during rheotaxis, in the form of a gradient-following strategy.

Community supports for people affected by cancer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jefford
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
The Many ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Community Supports

Chapter 11 considers the supportive care needs of people affected by cancer – not just those who are told that they have a cancer diagnosis, but also their family members and friends, who are also often profoundly affected. The critical role of health care professionals in meeting the needs of all people affected by cancer is underscored. The many and varied sources of additional support provided outside the clinical setting are then described. The review focuses upon the needs of adults with cancer, though many of the issues and examples are also applicable to children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer. A critical issue is how to best integrate clinical programmes with the variety of supports outside the clinical setting.

Augustine as an Auctoritas in Juan de Torquemada's Apparatus Super Decretum Florentinum Unionis Graecorum (1441)

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-323
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Latin West ◽  
Theological Perspective ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

AbstractThis essay adds to our knowledge of the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1431–1449) as a complex but significant instance of the many efforts to bring union to the divided Latin West and Byzantine East. In this paper, I explore the role of Augustine as an auctoritas at Ferrara-Florence, examining Juan de Torquemada's Apparatus Super Decretum Florentinum Unionis Graecorum (1441), a programmatic theological treatise written to represent the Latins’ theological perspective as expressed in Laetentur caeli (“Let the heavens rejoice”), the papal bull disseminated by Pope Eugenius IV on July 6, 1439. I argue that Torquemada's use of Augustine corroborates the otherwise circumstantial probability that he composed the Apparatus to explain the theological terms on which Eugenius IV and the Latin papalists declared union with Byzantine Christians and simultaneously to defend the bull against the doubts held among conciliarists and their sympathizers around Europe. Showing how Torquemada used Augustine in this conciliar document also adds greater clarity to the reception of Augustine at the Council of Ferrara-Florence. More specifically, it helps explain the utility of Augustine in Torquemada's attempt to adjudicate the relations between the Latin West and Byzantine East on the one hand and papalist and conciliarist Latins on the other.

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