scholarly journals Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Baranova ◽  
Dominik Büchner ◽  
Werner Götz ◽  
Margit Schulze ◽  
Edda Tobiasch
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Tooth Germ ◽  
Tooth Regeneration ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry

With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.

scholarly journals Neural Crest Stem Cells from Dental Tissues: A New Hope for Dental and Neural Regeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaskon Ibarretxe ◽  
Olatz Crende ◽  
Maitane Aurrekoetxea ◽  
Victoria García-Murga ◽  
Javier Etxaniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Cord Injury

Several stem cell sources persist in the adult human body, which opens the doors to both allogeneic and autologous cell therapies. Tooth tissues have proven to be a surprisingly rich and accessible source of neural crest-derived ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), which may be employed to repair disease-affected oral tissues in advanced regenerative dentistry. Additionally, one area of medicine that demands intensive research on new sources of stem cells is nervous system regeneration, since this constitutes a therapeutic hope for patients affected by highly invalidating conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. However, endogenous adult sources of neural stem cells present major drawbacks, such as their scarcity and complicated obtention. In this context, EMSCs from dental tissues emerge as good alternative candidates, since they are preserved in adult human individuals, and retain both high proliferation ability and a neural-like phenotypein vitro. In this paper, we discuss some important aspects of tissue regeneration by cell therapy and point out some advantages that EMSCs provide for dental and neural regeneration. We will finally review some of the latest research featuring experimental approaches and benefits of dental stem cell therapy.

scholarly journals Similar Features, Different Behaviors: A Comparative In Vitro Study of the Adipogenic Potential of Stem Cells from Human Follicle, Dental Pulp, and Periodontal Ligament

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Melissa D. Mercado-Rubio ◽  
Erick Pérez-Argueta ◽  
Alejandro Zepeda-Pedreguera ◽  
Fernando J. Aguilar-Ayala ◽  
Ricardo Peñaloza-Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential

Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs) are a promising resource for tissue regeneration due to their multilineage potential. Despite accumulating data regarding the biology and differentiation potential of DT-MSCs, few studies have investigated their adipogenic capacity. In this study, we have investigated the mesenchymal features of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), as well as the in vitro effects of different adipogenic media on these cells, and compared them to those of periodontal ligament stem cells (PLSCs) and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs). DFSC, PLSCs, and DPSCs exhibit similar morphology and proliferation capacity, but they differ in their self-renewal ability and expression of stemness markers (e.g OCT4 and c-MYC). Interestingly, DFSCs and PLSCs exhibited more lipid accumulation than DPSCs when induced to adipogenic differentiation. In addition, the mRNA levels of adipogenic markers (PPAR, LPL, and ADIPOQ) were significantly higher in DFSCs and PLSCs than in DPSCs, which could be related to the differences in the adipogenic commitment in those cells. These findings reveal that the adipogenic capacity differ among DT-MSCs, features that might be advantageous to increasing our understanding about the developmental origins and regulation of adipogenic commitment.

In vitro differentiation of human tooth germ stem cells into endothelial- and epithelial-like cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Doğan ◽  
Selami Demirci ◽  
Fikrettin Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tooth Germ ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Human Tooth Germ

scholarly journals A Graded Multifunctional Hybrid Scaffold with Superparamagnetic Ability for Periodontal Regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Sprio ◽  
Elisabetta Campodoni ◽  
Monica Sandri ◽  
Lorenzo Preti ◽  
Tobias Keppler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Hybrid Scaffold ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Biomineralization Process ◽  
Direct Cell

The regeneration of dental tissues is a still an unmet clinical need; in fact, no therapies have been completely successful in regenerating dental tissue complexes such as periodontium, which is also due to the lack of scaffolds that are able to guide and direct cell fate towards the reconstruction of different mineralized and non-mineralized dental tissues. In this respect, the present work develops a novel multifunctional hybrid scaffold recapitulating the different features of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum by integrating the biomineralization process, and tape casting and electrospinning techniques. The scaffold is endowed with a superparamagnetic ability, thanks to the use of a biocompatible, bioactive superparamagnetic apatite phase, as a mineral component that is able to promote osteogenesis and to be activated by remote magnetic signals. The periodontal scaffold was obtained by engineering three different layers, recapitulating the relevant compositional and microstructural features of the target tissues, into a monolithic multifunctional graded device. Physico-chemical, morphological, and ultrastructural analyses, in association with preliminary in vitro investigations carried out with mesenchymal stem cells, confirm that the final scaffold exhibits a good mimicry of the periodontal tissue complex, with excellent cytocompatibility and cell viability, making it very promising for regenerative applications in dentistry.

Bioengineered Teeth from Cultured Rat Tooth Bud Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Duailibi ◽  
S.E. Duailibi ◽  
C.S. Young ◽  
J.D. Bartlett ◽  
J.P. Vacanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds ◽  
Bioengineered Tooth ◽  
Tooth Tissue

The recent bioengineering of complex tooth structures from pig tooth bud tissues suggests the potential for the regeneration of mammalian dental tissues. We have improved tooth bioengineering methods by comparing the utility of cultured rat tooth bud cells obtained from three- to seven-day post-natal (dpn) rats for tooth-tissue-engineering applications. Cell-seeded biodegradable scaffolds were grown in the omenta of adult rat hosts for 12 wks, then harvested. Analyses of 12-week implant tissues demonstrated that dissociated 4-dpn rat tooth bud cells seeded for 1 hr onto PGA or PLGA scaffolds generated bioengineered tooth tissues most reliably. We conclude that tooth-tissue-engineering methods can be used to generate both pig and rat tooth tissues. Furthermore, our ability to bioengineer tooth structures from cultured tooth bud cells suggests that dental epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells can be maintained in vitro for at least 6 days.

scholarly journals The role of dental stem cells in regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Angela Maxim ◽  
Olga Soritau ◽  
Mihaela Baciut ◽  
Simion Bran ◽  
Grigore Baciut
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
High Proliferation Rate ◽  
Apical Papilla ◽  
Multiple Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that have the capacity of rising multiple cell types.A rich source of mesenchymal stem cells is represented by the dental tissues: the periodontal ligament, the dental pulp, the apical papilla, the dental follicle and the deciduous teeth.The aim of this review is to characterize the main dental- derived mesenchymal stem cell population, and to show their important role in tissue regeneration based on their properties : the multi-potency, the high proliferation rate, the differentiation in multiple cell lineages, the high cell viability and the positive expression for mesenchymal cell markers.Tissue regeneration or de novo' formation of craniofacial structures is the future of regenerative medicine, offering a solution for congenital malformations, traumas and other diseases. 

scholarly journals Organoid based personalized medicine: from bench to bedside

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqi Li ◽  
Peiyuan Tang ◽  
Sanjun Cai ◽  
Junjie Peng ◽  
Guoqiang Hua
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Genetically Manipulated

AbstractThree-dimensional cultured organoids have become a powerful in vitro research tool that preserves genetic, phenotypic and behavioral trait of in vivo organs, which can be established from both pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells. Organoids derived from adult stem cells can be established directly from diseased epithelium and matched normal tissues, and organoids can also be genetically manipulated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Applications of organoids in basic research involve the modeling of human development and diseases, including genetic, infectious and malignant diseases. Importantly, accumulating evidence suggests that biobanks of patient-derived organoids for many cancers and cystic fibrosis have great value for drug development and personalized medicine. In addition, organoids hold promise for regenerative medicine. In the present review, we discuss the applications of organoids in the basic and translational research.

scholarly journals YAP regulates porcine skin-derived stem cells self-renewal partly by repressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Chen Yan ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Ming-Yu Zhang ◽  
Shu-Er Zhang ◽  
Jia-Dong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Human Ascs ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
Pluripotency Genes

Abstract Background Skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are a class of adult stem cells (ASCs) that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate. The regulation mechanisms involved in the differentiation of ASCs is a hot topic. Porcine models have close similarities to humans and porcine SDSCs (pSDSCs) offer an ideal in vitro model to investigate human ASCs. To date, studies concerning the role of yes-associated protein (YAP) in ASCs are limited, and the mechanism of its influence on self-renewal and differentiation of ASCs remain unclear. In this paper, we explore the link between the transcriptional regulator YAP and the fate of pSDSCs. Results We found that YAP promotes the pluripotent state of pSDSCs by maintaining the high expression of the pluripotency genes Sox2, Oct4. The overexpression of YAP prevented the differentiation of pSDSCs and the depletion of YAP by small interfering RNA (siRNAs) suppressed the self-renewal of pSDSCs. In addition, we found that YAP regulates the fate of pSDSCs through a mechanism related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. When an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, CHIR99021, was added to pSDSCs overexpressing YAP the ability of pSDSCs to differentiate was partially restored. Conversely, when XAV939 an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, was added to YAP knockdown pSDSCs a higher self-renewal ability resulted. Conclusions our results suggested that, YAP and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway interact to regulate the fate of pSDSCs.

scholarly journals Novel Molecule Nell-1 Promotes the Angiogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyue Li ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Qi Han ◽  
Jiameng Wu ◽  
Hongfan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Pulp Exposure ◽  
Angiogenic Markers

IntroductionThis work aimed to reveal the crucial role of Nell-1 in the angiogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) alone or co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) in vitro and whether this molecule is involved in the pulp exposure model in vivo.MethodsImmunofluorescence was conducted to ascertain the location of Nell-1 on DPSCs, HUVECs, and normal rat dental tissues. RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA were performed to observe the expression levels of angiogenic markers and determine the angiogenic differentiation of Nell-1 on DPSCs alone or co-cultured with HUVECs, as well as in vitro tube formation assay. Blood vessel number for all groups was observed and compared using immunohistochemistry by establishing a rat pulp exposure model.ResultsNell-1 is highly expressed in the nucleus of DPSCs and HUVECs and is co-expressed with angiogenic markers in normal rat pulp tissues. Hence, Nell-1 can promote the angiogenic marker expression in DPSCs alone and co-cultured with other cells and can enhance angiogenesis in vitro as well as in the pulp exposure model.ConclusionNell-1 may play a positive role in the angiogenic differentiation of DPSCs.

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