scholarly journals Bio-inspired Surface Texture Modification as a Viable Feature of Future Aquatic Antifouling Strategies: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Richards ◽  
Asma Slaimi ◽  
Noel E. O’Connor ◽  
Alan Barrett ◽  
Sandra Kwiatkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Commercial Interest ◽  
Texture Modification ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Structures ◽  
Different Response

The imitation of natural systems to produce effective antifouling materials is often referred to as “biomimetics”. The world of biomimetics is a multidisciplinary one, needing careful understanding of “biological structures”, processes and principles of various organisms found in nature and based on this, designing nanodevices and nanomaterials that are of commercial interest to industry. Looking to the marine environment for bioinspired surfaces offers researchers a wealth of topographies to explore. Particular attention has been given to the evaluation of textures based on marine organisms tested in either the laboratory or the field. The findings of the review relate to the numbers of studies on textured surfaces demonstrating antifouling potential which are significant. However, many of these are only tested in the laboratory, where it is acknowledged a very different response to fouling is observed.

scholarly journals Marine Fungi: the missing tile in the Ocean Biodiversity mosaic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Cristina Varese ◽  
Elena Bovio ◽  
Laura Garzoli ◽  
Giorgio Gnavi ◽  
Anna Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
The World

In recent years, the Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT) carried out several research programs aiming to assess the marine fungal biodiversity mainly in the Mediterranean Sea, a biodiversity hotspot in the world. Several biotic and abiotic marine substrates,, were investigated: algae, seagrasses, invertebrates, wood, water and sediments from natural and anthropic sites. The isolated fungi cover all fungal groups, despite taxa belonging to Ascomycetes are predominant. Our results show how marine fungi are ubiquitous in the oceans and play key roles in several niches despite often neglected. Preliminary studies show that, in marine ecosystems as in the terrestrial one, some taxa are ubiquitary while others are specific and closely related to a specific host or substrate. The distribution of the mycobiota in the marine environment is far from being fully described. It is therefore difficult to understand how marine fungi can respond to climate change and/or interact with other marine organisms. To date, marine fungi have been studied principally for the production of secondary metabolites. Despite they shown to be an untapped source of novel molecules of biotechnological importance, almost unknown remains the role of these metabolites in interactions with other organisms that populate the Ocean.

scholarly journals Biological and physicochemical evaluation of mortar as substrate for manufacturing artificial reef

2016 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Mónica Andrea Bedoya Gutierréz ◽  
Jorge Iván Tobón ◽  
Tatiana Correa-Herrera ◽  
Juan Diego Correa-Rendón
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
The World ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation

Due to several deterioration of coral reefs around the world, h as increased the need to rehabilitate marine environments. Arti ficial reefs have been proposed as a tool for conservation of these ecosystems. A s part of an initiative to develop modules forming artificial r eefs made of ecological concrete for the conservation of the biodiversity in the Colombian Caribbean; this work constitutes a starting poin t. During eleven months two trapezoidal plates were submerged near to Isla Palma , Colombian Caribbean; plates were fabricated in concrete with portland cement and the aggregates were replaced by ceramic waste. After biolog ical and physicochemical evaluations of the material exposed to marine environment was concluded that this is a favorable substrate fo r the coral reefs, and the plates were colonized by more than 3 0% of its surface by marine organisms, their structure found internally stable, a nd there were no adverse effect s on marine biota near the test site.

scholarly journals Marine Fungi: the missing tile in the Ocean Biodiversity mosaic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Cristina Varese ◽  
Elena Bovio ◽  
Laura Garzoli ◽  
Giorgio Gnavi ◽  
Anna Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
The World

In recent years, the Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT) carried out several research programs aiming to assess the marine fungal biodiversity mainly in the Mediterranean Sea, a biodiversity hotspot in the world. Several biotic and abiotic marine substrates,, were investigated: algae, seagrasses, invertebrates, wood, water and sediments from natural and anthropic sites. The isolated fungi cover all fungal groups, despite taxa belonging to Ascomycetes are predominant. Our results show how marine fungi are ubiquitous in the oceans and play key roles in several niches despite often neglected. Preliminary studies show that, in marine ecosystems as in the terrestrial one, some taxa are ubiquitary while others are specific and closely related to a specific host or substrate. The distribution of the mycobiota in the marine environment is far from being fully described. It is therefore difficult to understand how marine fungi can respond to climate change and/or interact with other marine organisms. To date, marine fungi have been studied principally for the production of secondary metabolites. Despite they shown to be an untapped source of novel molecules of biotechnological importance, almost unknown remains the role of these metabolites in interactions with other organisms that populate the Ocean.

scholarly journals Does galvanic cathodic protection by aluminum anodes impact marine organisms?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Bell ◽  
Marcus von der Au ◽  
Julia Regnery ◽  
Matthias Schmid ◽  
Björn Meermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effects

Abstract Background Cathodic protection by sacrificial anodes composed of aluminum-zinc-indium alloys is often applied to protect offshore support structures of wind turbines from corrosion. Given the considerable growth of renewable energies and thus offshore wind farms in Germany over the last decade, increasing levels of aluminum, indium and zinc are released to the marine environment. Although these metals are ecotoxicologically well-studied, data regarding their impact on marine organisms, especially sediment-dwelling species, as well as possible ecotoxicological effects of galvanic anodes are scarce. To investigate possible ecotoxicological effects to the marine environment, the diatom Phaedactylum tricornutum, the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri and the amphipod Corophium volutator were exposed to dissolved galvanic anodes and solutions of aluminum and zinc, respectively, in standardized laboratory tests using natural seawater. In addition to acute toxicological effects, the uptake of these elements by C. volutator was investigated. Results The investigated anode material caused no acute toxicity to the tested bacteria and only weak but significant effects on algal growth. In case of the amphipods, the single elements Al and Zn showed significant effects only at the highest tested concentrations. Moreover, an accumulation of Al and In was observed in the crustacea species. Conclusions Overall, the findings of this study indicated no direct environmental impact on the tested marine organisms by the use of galvanic anodes for cathodic protection. However, the accumulation of metals in, e.g., crustaceans might enhance their trophic transfer within the marine food web.

Antibiofilm properties of model composites containing quaternary ammonium methacrylates after surface texture modification

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Ferreira Rego ◽  
Marina Lermen Vidal ◽  
Gil Mendes Viana ◽  
Lucio Mendes Cabral ◽  
Luis Felipe Jochims Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Texture Modification

scholarly journals AGROCLIMATIC ZONING OF EUROPEAN AND ASIAN PEAR CULTIVARS WITH POTENTIAL FOR COMMERCIAL PLANTING IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS SILVEIRA WREGE ◽  
IVAN DAGOBERTO FAORO ◽  
FLÁVIO GILBERTO HERTER ◽  
CRISTINA PANDOLFO ◽  
IVAN RODRIGUES DE ALMEIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Asian Pear ◽  
Commercial Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Production Problems

ABSTRACT Pear is among the fruits of major commercial interest in the world and one of the most imported in Brazil. Brazilian production is very small and the fruit quality is low, due to production problems. The success of culture in the country, among other factors, may be linked to the choice of cultivars, pollinating and rootstocks better adapted to local conditions, and thus depend on the particulars of an agricultural zoning. The aim of this study was to identify, in southern Brazil, homogeneous climatic zones with potential for growing of European and Asian pears, through climate risk studies. The regions were defined by the seasonal availability of chilling hours (<7.2 °C) accumulated during the period from May to September and the monthly risk of drought. The analysis allowed the recognition of four homogeneous areas for the production of pears in southern Brazil.

Environmental Management in the Anthropocene

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schlosberg
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Intervention ◽  
Preservation And Restoration ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Visible Human

In the filmBeasts of the Southern Wild, the main character, Hushpuppy, lays out the dilemma of environmental management in the Anthropocene: “For the animals that didn’t have a dad to put them in the boat, the end of the world already happened.” The Anthropocene will not recede, and the central question of environmental management will be whether we can develop ways to reflexively and sustainably manage ecosystems, habitats, and human needs. This chapter examines four possible normative underpinnings for such management: traditional notions of preservation and restoration, the idea of ecological limits and boundaries, the continued hubris of promethean technological intervention, and a conception of ecological receptivity or a “politics of sight” that makes visible human immersion in natural systems. As sight is a particular characteristic of the Anthropocene, this form of receptivity may hold some promise for environmental management.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of solving problems of pollution prevention Oceans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Strygina
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
The World

The article analyses the legal basis of activities of cleaning up the world oceans. It is emphasized that they are complex. The role of the UN in solving environmental problems is also highlighted. The need for international cooperation in the protection of the marine environment is mentioned. The article raises the problem of improving both international and national legislation and eliminating gaps in the law. The importance of social responsibility of business is emphasized.

scholarly journals DISIPLIN SUBSIDI PERIKANAN DALAM SISTEM PERDAGANGAN GLOBAL DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PERIKANAN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyan F. D. Sitanggang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Aid ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Fishing ◽  
Fishing Practices

Government policies providing financial aid to small and medium scale business enterprises are found everywhere around the globe, including those that is managed by Indonesia, and is allowed under the world trade arrangement managed by the WTO. An important part of this policy is subsidies made available to fishing businesses. Be that as it may, overfishing and the resulting fish stock crisis globally has made the practice of subsidizing marine fishing enterprises suspect in light of marine environment protection. This article discusses the issues of fishing subsidies as practiced in Indonesia in view of the current regime of economic law and the need to develop a sustainable fishing practices.

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