scholarly journals Multiple Known Mechanisms and a Possible Role of an Enhanced Immune System in Bt-Resistance in a Field Population of the Bollworm, Helicoverpa zea: Differences in Gene Expression with RNAseq

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6528
Author(s):  
Roger D. Lawrie ◽  
Robert D. Mitchell III ◽  
Jean Marcel Deguenon ◽  
Loganathan Ponnusamy ◽  
Dominic Reisig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Bt Resistance ◽  
Imd Pathway ◽  
Immune Pathway

Several different agricultural insect pests have developed field resistance to Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) proteins (ex. Cry1Ac, Cry1F, etc.) expressed in crops, including corn and cotton. In the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea, resistance levels are increasing; recent reports in 2019 show up to 1000-fold levels of resistance to Cry1Ac, a major insecticidal protein in Bt-crops. A common method to analyze global differences in gene expression is RNA-seq. This technique was used to measure differences in global gene expression between a Bt-susceptible and Bt-resistant strain of the bollworm, where the differences in susceptibility to Cry1Ac insecticidal proteins were 100-fold. We found expected gene expression differences based on our current understanding of the Bt mode of action, including increased expression of proteases (trypsins and serine proteases) and reduced expression of Bt-interacting receptors (aminopeptidases and cadherins) in resistant bollworms. We also found additional expression differences for transcripts that were not previously investigated, i.e., transcripts from three immune pathways-Jak/STAT, Toll, and IMD. Immune pathway receptors (ex. PGRPs) and the IMD pathway demonstrated the highest differences in expression. Our analysis suggested that multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of Bt-resistance, including potentially unrecognized pathways.

The role of the Shigella flexneri yihE gene in LPS synthesis and virulence

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryn Edwards-Jones ◽  
Paul R. Langford ◽  
J. Simon Kroll ◽  
Jun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In Trans

Previously, the authors have shown that inactivation of Shigella flexneri yihE, a gene of unknown function upstream of dsbA, which encodes a periplasmic disulphide catalyst, results in a global change of gene expression. Among the severely down-regulated genes are galETKM, suggesting that the yihE mutant, Sh54, may inefficiently produce the UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose required for LPS synthesis. This paper demonstrates that LPS synthesis in Sh54 is impaired. As a result, Sh54 is unable to polymerize host cell actin, due to aberrant localization of IcsA, or to cause keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs. Furthermore, Sh54 is more sensitive to some antimicrobial agents, and exhibits epithelial cytotoxicity characteristic of neither wild-type nor dsbA mutants. Supplying galETK in trans restores LPS synthesis and corrects all the defects. Hence, it is clear that the Shigella yihE gene is important not only in regulating global gene expression, as shown previously, but also in virulence through LPS synthesis via regulating the expression of the galETK operon.

Transcriptomes reveal alterations in gravity impact circadian clocks and activate mechanotransduction pathways with adaptation through epigenetic change

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Casey ◽  
Osman V. Patel ◽  
Karen Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Epigenetic Change ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Affymetrix Genechips ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
The Impact

Few studies have investigated the impact of alterations in gravity on mammalian transcriptomes. Here, we describe the impact of spaceflight on mammary transcriptome of late pregnant rats and the effect of hypergravity exposure on mammary, liver, and adipose transcriptomes in late pregnancy and at the onset of lactation. RNA was isolated from mammary collected on pregnancy day 20 from rats exposed to spaceflight from days 11 to 20 of gestation. To measure the impact of hypergravity on mammary, liver, and adipose transcriptomes we isolated RNA from tissues collected on P20 and lactation day 1 from rats exposed to hypergravity beginning on pregnancy day 9. Gene expression was measured with Affymetrix GeneChips. Microarray analysis of variance revealed alterations in gravity affected the expression of genes that regulate circadian clocks and activate mechanotransduction pathways. Changes in these systems may explain global gene expression changes in immune response, metabolism, and cell proliferation. Expression of genes that modify chromatin structure and methylation was affected, suggesting adaptation to gravity alterations may proceed through epigenetic change. Altered gravity experiments offer insights into the role of forces omnipresent on Earth that shape genomes in heritable ways. Our study is the first to analyze the impact of alterations in gravity on transcriptomes of pregnant and lactating mammals. Findings provide insight into systems that sense gravity and the way in which they affect phenotype, as well as the possibility of sustaining life beyond Earth's orbit.

scholarly journals Intestinal DCs global gene expression dynamics affected by recombinant baker’s yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoquan Han ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Xinyi Li ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Wei Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptome Profile ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Gene Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Gene Expression Dynamics

Abstract Background The baker’s yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been widely used throughout our daily life in diverse aspects for thousands of years. The saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to specifically target the dendritic cells (DCs) in mammalian with a manner of antigen-receptor interaction as described previously. It is necessary to investigate the effect of the baker’s yeasts on global gene expression dynamics of intestinal DCs and explore the possibilities of using baker’s yeast as gene delivery vehicle to modulate animal’s immune functions Results with a murine oral delivery model in vivo, we confirmed the feasibility of using budding yeast as gene delivery vehicle to the intestinal DCs using the Western blots. We then examined the transcriptome profile of the mouse intestinal DCs upon yeast stimulus. The enrichment analysis of unique transcripts indicated the beneficial role of yeast in modulating the DC-mediated adaptive immunity. Compared with previous study, we also found that a large fraction of the regulated genes is coincident with the response induced by other fungus, suggesting that the budding yeast induces a similar tailored unique genetic re-programming of DCs. Another analysis of transcriptome profile indicated that expression of β-catenin gene significantly changes DCs gene expression related to inflammatory response and cell adhesion. Conclusions Here, we defined the role of budding yeast on global gene expression of intestinal DCs, and confirmed the important role of β-catenin gene on the DCs-related inflammatory response, which provides a framework for the development of mucosa yeast-based DNA vaccine.

Identification of mutation biomarkers underpinning colon cancer sidedness and cetuximab sensitivity.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 629-629
Author(s):  
Timothy Joseph Yeatman ◽  
Mingli Yang ◽  
Michael J. Schell ◽  
Andrey Loboda ◽  
Michael Nebozhyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Ras Mutation ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Therapeutic Opportunity ◽  
Global Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Msi Analysis ◽  
Mutant Genes ◽  
Ranking Analysis

629 Background: Currently, extended RAS testing ( KRAS/ NRAS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients identifies only non-responders to EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) therapies, and accurate prediction of drug-sensitive subpopulations remains problematic in patients, even with wild-type RAS. Moreover, the molecular basis for the laterality of anti-EGFR sensitivity is poorly understood. Methods: 468 CRCs were analyzed by global gene expression analysis, DNA sequencing (1321 cancer related genes) and MSI analysis. Tumors were stratified by a validated gene expression cetuximab sensitivity (CTX-S) score, and then correlated with identified high frequency mutations, resulting in a ranking of CTX-S score-associated mutated genes (see Table). Results: Ranking analysis revealed MSI-H status and KRAS mutation as the most negatively-correlated among all patients and MSS patients, respectively. Conversely, APC and TP53 were the most highly positively-correlated mutant genes in both all patient- and MSS-cases. Deeper analysis revealed that the combination of mutant APC + TP53 ( A + P) was more common in left vs. right CRCs (52% vs 21%), and even more pronounced in MSS vs MSI cases (47% vs 2%). CTX-S scores were highest in mutant A + P patients with WT RAS, but surprisingly, were nearly as high in mutant A + P patients with mutant RAS. CRC PDX models validated these results with a favorable CR/PR/SD vs PD association. Conclusions: Here we report the discovery of a cooperative role of APC and TP53 mutations in identifying EGFRi-sensitive CRC subpopulations. Our data suggest that addition of the routine sequencing of APC and TP53 to extended RAS testing may expand the EGFRi therapeutic opportunity (by up to 25%), regardless of RAS mutation status. [Table: see text]

Role of the extracytoplasmic-function sigma Factor sigmaH in Mycobacterium tuberculosis global gene expression

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Manganelli ◽  
Martin I. Voskuil ◽  
Gary K. Schoolnik ◽  
Eugenie Dubnau ◽  
Manuel Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor

scholarly journals 539 The role of autophagy in IFN-γ effects on global gene expression in keratinocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. S94
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
I. Nagelreiter ◽  
C. Kremslehner ◽  
L. Xiang ◽  
C. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Ifn Γ

scholarly journals NusG is an intrinsic transcription termination factor that stimulates motility and coordinates global gene expression with NusA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary F. Mandell ◽  
Reid T. Oshiro ◽  
Alexander V. Yakhnin ◽  
Mikhail Kashlev ◽  
Daniel B. Kearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Termination Factor ◽  
Transcription Termination Factor ◽  
Polymerase Pausing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intrinsic Transcription Termination

AbstractNusA and NusG are transcription elongation factors that stimulate RNA polymerase pausing in Bacillus subtilis. While NusA was known to function as an intrinsic termination factor, the role of NusG in this process had not been explored. To examine the individual and combinatorial roles that NusA and NusG play in intrinsic termination, Term-seq was conducted in wild type, NusA depletion, ΔnusG, and NusA depletion ΔnusG strains. We determined that NusG functions as an intrinsic termination factor that works alone and cooperatively with NusA to facilitate termination at 88% of the 1,400 identified intrinsic terminators. The loss of both proteins leads to global misregulation of gene expression. Our results indicate that NusG stimulates a sequence-specific pause that assists in the completion of suboptimal terminator hairpins with weak terminal A-U and G-U base pairs at the bottom of the stem. Moreover, the loss of NusG results in flagella and swimming motility defects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document