scholarly journals Obstacles against the Marketing of Curcumin as a Drug

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6619
Author(s):  
Kambiz Hassanzadeh ◽  
Lucia Buccarello ◽  
Jessica Dragotto ◽  
Asadollah Mohammadi ◽  
Massimo Corbo ◽  
...  

Among the extensive public and scientific interest in the use of phytochemicals to prevent or treat human diseases in recent years, natural compounds have been highly investigated to elucidate their therapeutic effect on chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Curcumin, an active principle of the perennial herb Curcuma longa, has attracted an increasing research interest over the last half-century due to its diversity of molecular targets, including transcription factors, enzymes, protein kinases, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, receptors, and it’s interesting pharmacological activities. Despite that, the clinical effectiveness of the native curcumin is weak, owing to its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Preclinical data obtained from animal models and phase I clinical studies done in human volunteers confirmed a small amount of intestinal absorption, hepatic first pass effect, and some degree of intestinal metabolism, might explain its poor systemic availability when it is given via the oral route. During the last decade, researchers have attempted with new pharmaceutical methods such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, solid dispersions, emulsions, and microspheres to improve the bioavailability of curcumin. As a result, a significant number of bioavailable curcumin-based formulations were introduced with a varying range of enhanced bioavailability. This manuscript critically reviews the available scientific evidence on the basic and clinical effects and molecular targets of curcumin. We also discuss its pharmacokinetic and problems for marketing curcumin as a drug.

Author(s):  
Mercy Paul M ◽  
Alekhya A V ◽  
Dr. Krishnamurthy L

The human physiology is a significant and a complex process, which is designed accordingly with multitude of functions. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds found in plants, have modulating potential which is useful regarding chemoprevention. Curcumin (diferuloyl methane) is the dried ground rhizome of the perennial herb “Curcuma Longa” Linn, under the family of “Zingiberaceae”. It is readily soluble in ethanol or acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glacial acetic acid, poorly soluble in water since it is lipophilic in nature. In India, the average intake of turmeric is reported to as high as 2.0-2.5 g/day (approx. up to 0.1g of curcumin) no adverse effects have been studied at the population level. Curcumin triggers multiple biological mechanisms in tumour environment at different stages. Curcumin act on different cancer types such as colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, skin, headneck squamous cell carcinoma, breast, brain and glioblastoma. Various formulations have been prepared to improve the bioavailability and solubility of curcumin which includes nanoparticles, liposomes, phospholipid complexes, structural analogs, cyclodextrins, nanogels, solid dispersions etc.,


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Krystyna Fabianowska-Majewska ◽  
Agnieszka Kaufman-Szymczyk ◽  
Aldona Szymanska-Kolba ◽  
Jagoda Jakubik ◽  
Grzegorz Majewski ◽  
...  

One of the most systematically studied bioactive nutraceuticals for its benefits in the management of various diseases is the turmeric-derived compounds: curcumin. Turmeric obtained from the rhizome of a perennial herb Curcuma longa L. is a condiment commonly used in our diet. Curcumin is well known for its potential role in inhibiting cancer by targeting epigenetic machinery, with DNA methylation at the forefront. The dynamic DNA methylation processes serve as an adaptive mechanism to a wide variety of environmental factors, including diet. Every healthy tissue has a precise DNA methylation pattern that changes during cancer development, forming a cancer-specific design. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, global DNA demethylation, and promoter hypomethylation of oncogenes and prometastatic genes are hallmarks of nearly all types of cancer, including breast cancer. Curcumin has been shown to modulate epigenetic events that are dysregulated in cancer cells and possess the potential to prevent cancer or enhance the effects of conventional anti-cancer therapy. Although mechanisms underlying curcumin-mediated changes in the epigenome remain to be fully elucidated, the mode of action targeting both hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes in cancer is promising for cancer chemoprevention. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of potential epigenetic mechanisms of curcumin in reversing altered patterns of DNA methylation in breast cancer that is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females worldwide. Insight into the other bioactive components of turmeric rhizome as potential epigenetic modifiers has been indicated as well.


2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Tito Pereira Bueno ◽  
Vladimir Lisboa Capelasso ◽  
Rafael Leite Pacheco ◽  
Carolina de Oliveira Cruz Latorraca ◽  
Tiago Biachi de Castria ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of screening tests for cancer is to detect it at an early stage in order to increase the chances of treatment. However, their unrestrained use may lead to unnecessary examinations, overdiagnosis and higher costs. It is thus necessary to evaluate their clinical effects in terms of benefits and harm. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of Cochrane systematic reviews, carried out in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: Cochrane reviews on the clinical effectiveness of cancer screening procedures were included. Study titles and abstracts were independently assessed by two authors. Conflicts were resolved by another two authors. Findings were summarized and discussed. RESULTS: Seventeen reviews were selected: fifteen on screening for specific cancers (bladder, breast, colorectal, hepatic, lung, nasopharyngeal, esophageal, oral, prostate, testicular and uterine) and two others on cancer in general. The quality of evidence of the findings varied among the reviews. Only two reviews resulted in high-quality evidence: screening using low-dose computed tomography scans for high-risk individuals seems to reduce lung cancer mortality; and screening using flexible sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood tests seems to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. CONCLUSION: The evidence found through Cochrane reviews did not support most of the commonly used screening tests for cancer. It is recommended that patients should be informed of the possibilities of false positives and false negatives before they undergo the tests. Further studies to fully assess the effectiveness of cancer screening tests and adverse outcomes are required.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
A. A. Korneenkov ◽  
◽  
I. V. Fanta ◽  

The article discusses the concepts of measures of the effect of clinical effects, quantitative methods for their calculation and interpretation, their importance for making medical decisions. Algorithms for calculating effect measures are described for different clinical trial endpoints represented by quantitative (numerical) or binary types of variables, and for different types of effect size indicator (absolute, relative effect size, or clinical effectiveness indicator). It is shown that in the context of assessing the effect of therapeutic effects and clinical efficacy in general, measuring the size of the effect provides a valuable tool for data analysis. Evaluation and interpretation of the effect of the therapeutic modality only on the basis of the level of significance p obtained by testing statistical hypotheses without specifying the size of the effect is not sufficient to understand the importance of using the effect in clinical practice. To obtain an adequate quantitative assessment of the effect and its interpretation, the concept of the size of the effect is a convenient system of methods that is widely used. To illustrate the calculation and interpretation of the size of the effect, published data from clinical studies of the effectiveness of local anesthesia to reduce pain after septoplasty were used. It is shown how, using the presented technique, it is possible to efficiently calculate and easily interpret measures of the effect of the application of local anesthesia. All calculations were performed in the statistical program R.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-ye Wang ◽  
Jia-xu Chen

Curcumin is a compound extracted from the Curcuma longa L, which possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, few studies have collected scientific evidence on its dual effect on angiogenesis. The present review gathered the fragmented information available in the literature to discuss the dual effect and possible mechanisms of curcumin on angiogenesis. Available information concerning the effect of curcumin on angiogenesis is compiled from scientific databases, including PubMed and Web of Science using the key term (curcumin and angiogenesis). The results were reviewed to identify relevant articles. Related literature demonstrated that curcumin has antiangiogenesis effect via regulating multiple factors, including proangiogenesis factor VEGF, MMPs, and FGF, both in vivo and in vitro, and could promote angiogenesis under certain circumstances via these factors. This paper provided a short review on bidirectional action of curcumin, which should be useful for further study and application of this compound that require further studies.


2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Francesco Faggiano ◽  
Martina Andellini ◽  
Federico Nocchi ◽  
Carlo Capussotto ◽  
Francesca Sabusco ◽  
...  

INTRODUCTION:The purpose of the study was to evaluate different type and manufacturers of intensive care ventilators in order to support the healthcare decision-making process about the choice to adopt the best available technology for ventilation of pediatric patient in intensive care units at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital.METHODS:The technology assessment process was developed by using a new methodology, the Decision-oriented Health Technology Assessment (HTA) (DoHTA), a new implementation of the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) CoreModel, integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (1). A literature review was carried out to gather evidence on safety and overall effectiveness of different kind of intensive care ventilators, with several ventilation modalities and strategies. The synthesis of scientific evidence, and results of the specific context analysis resulted in the definition of components of the decisional hierarchy structure, consisting in detailed characteristics of the technology's performances covering the aspects on feasibility, safety, efficacy, costs, and organizational and technical characteristics of the technology. A subgroup of these indicators has been included in a checklist form for the evaluation of different type and manufacturers of intensive care ventilators, each of which was tested in three independent runs performed in three different departments. In addition, an economic evaluation was also carried out.RESULTS:Preliminary DoHTA results showed that the domains with the highest impacts within the evaluation are safety and clinical effectiveness (34.8 percent and 25.7 percent, respectively) followed by organizational aspects, technical characteristics of technology and costs and economic evaluation. The final objective is to define the alternatives’ ranking through a comparison between alternative technologies’ performances.CONCLUSIONS:The technology assessment project allowed to identify strengths and limits of the most recent intensive care ventilator’ models in the specific contexts of use by involving all health professionals interested, and eventually identify the best option for the hospital.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohankumar Kumaravel ◽  
Pajaniradje Sankar ◽  
Periyasamy Latha ◽  
Chellakan S Benson ◽  
Rajagopalan Rukkumani

Curcumin, the major active principle of Curcuma longa, is one of the promising, plant-derived, chemopreventive agents being studied for its anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. Hence, in our study, we aimed at testing the antiproliferative efficacy of an o-hydroxyl substituted analog of curcumin, bis demethoxy curcumin analog (BDMC-A), and comparing its efficacy with that of curcumin. BDMC-A was synthesised with a yield of 78% and 98% purity. Hep-2 cells and the MTT cell viability assay were used to examine cell proliferation. LDH assay and cell counts were performed to assess the cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effects of the compound, respectively. Flow cytometry followed by Western blot were performed to investigate the cell cycle distribution. BDMC-A inhibited cell proliferation at a much lower concentration (IC50 20 μM) than curcumin (IC50 50 μM). Similar effects were observed in the LDH release and cell count assays. Flow cytometric studies using propidium iodide showed accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and the arrest was further confirmed by immunoblotting of protein cyclin D1. BDMC-A was more potent in inhibiting the cells at a lower dose when compared with curcumin. Our results showed that the analog of curcumin is likely to possess more efficacy compared with curcumin in inhibiting cancer.


2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina G. Castro ◽  
Sergio F. Sanchez Bruni ◽  
Lucía P. Urbizu ◽  
Alejandra Confalonieri ◽  
Laura Ceballos ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Heber Arbildo-Vega ◽  
◽  
Alfredo Rendón-Alvarado ◽  
Fredy Hugo Cruzado-Oliva ◽  
Edward Infantes-Ruíz ◽  
...  

Objective: To determine, by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis, the clinical effectiveness of pre-treatment with chlorhexidine (CHX) in adhesive dental restorations. Material and Methods: A literature search was conducted until February 2020, in the biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, SIGLE, LILACS, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials. The selection criteria of the studies were defined, which were: randomized and controlled clinical trials, without language and time restrictions, and reporting the clinical effects (retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, postoperative sensitivity and secondary caries) of pre-CHX treatment in adhesive dental restorations. Study risk of bias was analyzed using the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: The search strategy resulted in six articles of which five entered a meta-analysis. The studies reported that there was no difference in retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, postoperative sensitivity, and secondary caries from pre-treatment with CHX in adhesive dental restorations. Conclusion: The reviewed literature suggests that pretreatment with CHX does not influence the clinical effectiveness in adhesive dental restorations.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon Beom Kim ◽  
Jonathan Bisson ◽  
J. Brent Friesen ◽  
Luca Bucchini ◽  
Stefan Gafner ◽  
...  

Curcuma longa (turmeric) has a long ethnomedical background for common ailments, and Dietary Supplements (DS) labelled as “Curcumin” (CDS) are a highly visible portion of today’s selfmedication market. Due to cost pressure, these CDS products are affected by economically motivated adulteration with synthetic curcumin and are associated with unexpected toxicological issues due to “residual” impurities. Using a combination of targeted and untargeted (phyto)chemical analysis, this study investigated the botanical integrity of two commercial “turmeric” CDS with vitamin and other additives that were associated with reported clinical cases of hepatotoxicity. Analyzing multi-solvent extracts of the CDS by 100% quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR), alone and in combination with countercurrent separation (CCS), provided chemical fingerprints that allowed both the targeted identification and quantification of declared components and the untargeted recognition of adulteration. While confirming the presence of curcumin as a major constituent, the universal detection capability of NMR identified significant residual impurities. While the loss free nature of CCS captured a wide polarity range of declared and unwanted chemical components and increased dynamic range, (q)HNMR determined their mass proportions and chemical constitutions. The results demonstrate that NMR can recognize undeclared constituents even if they represent a relatively minor gap in the mass balance of a DS product. The chemical information associated with the missing 4.8% and 7.4% (m/m) in the two commercial samples, exhibiting an otherwise adequate curcumin content of 95.2% and 92.6%, pointed to a product integrity issue and adulteration with undeclared synthetic curcumin. Impurities from synthesis are most plausibly the cause of the observed adverse clinical effects. The study exemplifies how the simultaneously targeted and untargeted analytical principle of 100% qHNMR method, performed with entry-level instrumentation (400 MHz), can enhance the safety of DS by identifying adulterated, non-natural “natural” products<br>


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