scholarly journals Glycemic Status Assessment by the Latest Glucose Monitoring Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8243
Author(s):  
Ilaria Malandrucco ◽  
Benedetta Russo ◽  
Fabiana Picconi ◽  
Marika Menduni ◽  
Simona Frontoni
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Patient ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
Glycemic Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Specific Insulin

The advanced and performing technologies of glucose monitoring systems provide a large amount of glucose data that needs to be properly read and interpreted by the diabetology team in order to make therapeutic decisions as close as possible to the patient’s metabolic needs. For this purpose, new parameters have been developed, to allow a more integrated reading and interpretation of data by clinical professionals. The new challenge for the diabetes community consists of promoting an integrated and homogeneous reading, as well as interpretation of glucose monitoring data also by the patient himself. The purpose of this review is to offer an overview of the glycemic status assessment, opened by the current data management provided by latest glucose monitoring technologies. Furthermore, the applicability and personalization of the different glycemic monitoring devices used in specific insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patient populations will be evaluated.

scholarly journals Potentialities of modern glucose monitoring devices during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-357
Author(s):  
F.O. Ushanova ◽  
◽  
T.Yu. Demidova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Nocturnal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
Diabetes Gestational ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Currently, the management of pregnant women with carbohydrate metabolism disorders is challenging due to the high risk of unfavorable events both for the mother and the child even in insignificant deviations from the target value. In addition to the conventional methods of self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an important tool to control diabetes. CGM in pregnant women provides the detailed information on the type and trends of the changes in blood glucose levels and the fluctuations of glucose levels and also identifies the episodes of latent nocturnal hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. The analysis of CGM data allows for correcting insulin therapy, taking a decision on its initiation, and modifying diet and exercise plan. Multiple studies demonstrate the efficacy of CGM in terms of compensating manifest diabetes. As to gestational diabetes, the eligibility of modern glucose monitoring technologies for the prevention of various complications is still controversial. Further studies on the potential use of these devices in gestational diabetes could provide a basis for increasing their application in routine clinical practice. This will improve the management of pregnant women with carbohydrate metabolism disorders.KEYWORDS: diabetes, gestational diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring, flash monitoring, pregnancy, macrosomia, self-monitoring.FOR CITATION: Ushanova F.O., Demidova T.Yu. Potentialities of modern glucose monitoring devices during pregnancy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):352–357. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-352-357.

scholarly journals Digital technologies in the care of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Diana da Silva Negreiros ◽  
Açucena Leal de Araújo ◽  
Samuel Miranda Mattos ◽  
Tatiana Rebouças Moreira ◽  
Virna Ribeiro Feitosa Cestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Voice Communication ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Abstract Objective: To map evidence on the use of digital technologies in the care of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This is a scoping review, based on the JBI manual, which included scientific articles and gray literature from nine primary and seven secondary databases. Articles were independently assessed by two reviewers. Rayyan® was used to select the studies. The description of study characterization is presented in a table and tables, ending in a narrative synthesis. Results: A total of 1,964 studies were identified and, after selection, 23 publications remained for analysis. It turned out that telemedicine was used in all studies and remote consultation support technologies included continuous glucose monitoring devices, glucose data analysis software, insulin delivery systems, applications, audio and/or voice communication devices, which facilitated remote diabetes mellitus monitoring and management. Conclusion: Telehealth, monitoring technologies, insulin delivery systems and communication devices were tools used to monitor patients with diabetes during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Advantages of IoT-Based Geotechnical Monitoring Systems Integrating Automatic Procedures for Data Acquisition and Elaboration

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Andrea Carri ◽  
Alessandro Valletta ◽  
Edoardo Cavalca ◽  
Roberto Savi ◽  
Andrea Segalini
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Geotechnical Monitoring ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Field Data Collection ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Monitoring instrumentation plays a major role in the study of natural phenomena and analysis for risk prevention purposes, especially when facing the management of critical events. Within the geotechnical field, data collection has traditionally been performed with a manual approach characterized by time-expensive on-site investigations and monitoring devices activated by an operator. Due to these reasons, innovative instruments have been developed in recent years in order to provide a complete and more efficient system thanks to technological improvements. This paper aims to illustrate the advantages deriving from the application of a monitoring approach, named Internet of natural hazards, relying on the Internet of things principles applied to monitoring technologies. One of the main features of the system is the ability of automatic tools to acquire and elaborate data independently, which has led to the development of dedicated software and web-based visualization platforms for faster, more efficient and accessible data management. Additionally, automatic procedures play a key role in the implementation of early warning systems with a near-real-time approach, providing a valuable tool to the decision-makers and authorities responsible for emergency management. Moreover, the possibility of recording a large number of different parameters and physical quantities with high sampling frequency allows to perform meaningful statistical analyses and identify cause–effect relationships. A series of examples deriving from different case studies are reported in this paper in order to present the practical implications of the IoNH approach application to geotechnical monitoring.

scholarly journals Enhanced Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring during Exercise through Physical Activity Tracking Integration

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro José Laguna Sanz ◽  
José Luis Díez ◽  
Marga Giménez ◽  
Jorge Bondia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Activity Tracking ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Optimal Inputs ◽  
Input Model ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitors ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Current Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGM) exhibit increased estimation error during periods of aerobic physical activity. The use of readily-available exercise monitoring devices opens new possibilities for accuracy enhancement during these periods. The viability of an array of physical activity signals provided by three different wearable devices was considered. Linear regression models were used in this work to evaluate the correction capabilities of each of the wearable signals and propose a model for CGM correction during exercise. A simple two-input model can reduce CGM error during physical activity (17.46% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.005) to the magnitude of the baseline error level (13.61%). The CGM error is not worsened in periods without physical activity. The signals identified as optimal inputs for the model are “Mets” (Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks) from the Fitbit Charge HR device, which is a normalized measurement of energy expenditure, and the skin temperature reading provided by the Microsoft Band 2 device. A simpler one-input model using only “Mets” is also viable for a more immediate implementation of this correction into market devices.

scholarly journals Accuracy of flash glucose monitoring and continuous glucose monitoring technologies: Implications for clinical practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi A Ajjan ◽  
Michael H Cummings ◽  
Peter Jennings ◽  
Lalantha Leelarathna ◽  
Gerry Rayman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Flash Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Fluid Sensor ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

Continuous glucose monitoring and flash glucose monitoring technologies measure glucose in the interstitial fluid and are increasingly used in diabetes care. Their accuracy, key to effective glycaemic management, is usually measured using the mean absolute relative difference of the interstitial fluid sensor compared to reference blood glucose readings. However, mean absolute relative difference is not standardised and has limitations. This review aims to provide a consensus opinion on assessing accuracy of interstitial fluid glucose sensing technologies. Mean absolute relative difference is influenced by glucose distribution and rate of change; hence, we express caution on the reliability of comparing mean absolute relative difference data from different study systems and conditions. We also review the pitfalls associated with mean absolute relative difference at different glucose levels and explore additional ways of assessing accuracy of interstitial fluid devices. Importantly, much data indicate that current practice of assessing accuracy of different systems based on individualised mean absolute relative difference results has limitations, which have potential clinical implications. Healthcare professionals must understand the factors that influence mean absolute relative difference as a metric for accuracy and look at additional assessments, such as consensus error grid analysis, when evaluating continuous glucose monitoring and flash glucose monitoring systems in diabetes care. This in turn will ensure that management decisions based on interstitial fluid sensor data are both effective and safe.

Remote Patient Monitoring in Diabetes: How to Acquire, Manage, and Use All of The Data

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Johnson ◽  
Eden Miller
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Remote Patient Monitoring ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Diabetes Technology ◽  
Acquisition Management ◽  
Remote Patient ◽  
Monitoring Devices

The ability of patients and health care providers to use various forms of technology for general health has significantly increased in the past several years with the expansion of telehealth, digital applications, personal digital devices, smartphones, and other Internet-connected platforms and devices. For individuals with diabetes, this also includes connected blood glucose meters, continuous glucose monitoring devices, and insulin delivery systems. In this article, the authors outline several steps to facilitate the acquisition, management, and meaningful use of digital diabetes data that can enable successful implementation of both diabetes technology and telehealth services in primary care clinics.

scholarly journals Discrepancies Between Blood Glucose and Interstitial Glucose—Technological Artifacts or Physiology: Implications for Selection of the Appropriate Therapeutic Target

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Siegmund ◽  
Lutz Heinemann ◽  
Ralf Kolassa ◽  
Andreas Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Background: For decades, the major source of information used to make therapeutic decisions by patients with diabetes has been glucose measurements using capillary blood samples. Knowledge gained from clinical studies, for example, on the impact of metabolic control on diabetes-related complications, is based on such measurements. Different to traditional blood glucose measurement systems, systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measure glucose in interstitial fluid (ISF). The assumption is that glucose levels in blood and ISF are practically the same and that the information provided can be used interchangeably. Thus, therapeutic decisions, that is, the selection of insulin doses, are based on CGM system results interpreted as though they were blood glucose values. Methods: We performed a more detailed analysis and interpretation of glucose profiles obtained with CGM in situations with high glucose dynamics to evaluate this potentially misleading assumption. Results: Considering physical activity, hypoglycemic episodes, and meal-related differences between glucose levels in blood and ISF uncover clinically relevant differences that can make it risky from a therapeutic point of view to use blood glucose for therapeutic decisions. Conclusions: Further systematic and structured evaluation as to whether the use of ISF glucose is more safe and efficient when it comes to acute therapeutic decisions is necessary. These data might also have a higher prognostic relevance when it comes to long-term metabolic consequences of diabetes. In the long run, it may be reasonable to abandon blood glucose measurements as the basis for diabetes management and switch to using ISF glucose as the appropriate therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Continuous glucose monitoring: review of promising technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Monika Klimek ◽  
Tytus Tulwin
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Flash Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

Despite the progress we have made in the management of diabetes it is still incurable and aggravating disease affecting all domains of quality of life. Uncontrolled diabetes associated with hyperglycemia leads to serious microvascular and macrovascular long-term complications. The proper long-term glycemic control is a key strategy for preventing the development or slowing the progression of diabetes complications, thus there is a crucial role of new technologies in the diabetes care. New technologies in diabetology are developing dynamically in recent years and therefore this is a topical issue. In this paper we describe current and developing continuous glucose monitoring technologies and their usefulness in promoting optimal glycemic control, influence on personalized diabetes managements and the functioning of patients. Moreover we review knowledge about flash glucose monitoring and close-loop system. This review examines studies published before 31st August 2018.

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