scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue “Molecular Biomarkers in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma”

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2052
Author(s):  
Pinelopi I. Artemaki ◽  
Christos K. Kontos
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers ◽  
Special Issue

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, with an elevated mortality rate [...]

Evaluation Changes in Indicators of Oncological Service in Colorectal Cancer in East Kazakhstan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9-10 (219-220) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yerkezhan Zhadykova ◽  
◽  
Sauirbay Sakhanov ◽  
Dulat Turebayev ◽  
Dariyana Kulmirzayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Keywords Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

About 3.15 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are predicted and it is expected that about 1.62 million human will die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an analysis studying studying the indicators of the oncological service for CRC also makes it possible to evaluate the ongoing anti-cancer measures in East Kazakhstan region. Aim. Evaluate some indicators of the oncological service at CRC in East Kazakhstan region in 2009 to 2018. Materials and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 7 and 35 regarding CRC (ICD 10 – C18-21) for 2009-2018 in East Kazakhstan region – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 3,661 new cases of CRC were registered in East Kazakhstan region for the first time. The incidence of CRC was 25.30/0000 and in dynamics tended to increase from 21.90/0000 (2009) to 25.70/0000 in 2018, the difference was statistically significant (t=1.99 and p=0.047). The mortality rate from CRC tended to decrease from 15.50/0000 to 14.70/0000 (p=0.591), and the average annual mortality rate from CRC was 15.60/0000. The indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) improved from 58.8% (2009) to 62.3% in 2018, and, accordingly, the indicators of the proportion of neglected patients significantly decreased with stage III (from 25.5% to 20.8%), while with stage IV (from 15.7% to 16.9%) there is a slight increase. The indicators of morphological verification in CRC improved from 90.5% to 98.6% during the studied years. Conclusion. An improvement in the indicators of morphological verification and early diagnosis of CRC was found. The obtained results are recommended to be used for monitoring anti-cancer measures in the region. Keywords: colorectal cancer, incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification.

scholarly journals The activity of antioxidant enzymes in colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding normal mucosa.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk ◽  
Tomasz Wielkoszyński ◽  
Łukasz Krakowczyk ◽  
Brygida Adamek ◽  
Marzena Zalewska-Ziob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

Oxidative stress is one of several factors which contribute to the development of colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was an assessment of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tumour and corresponding normal distal mucosa in a group of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Samples of tumour and corresponding normal mucosa were obtained during a resection of colorectal cancer from 47 patients aged between 26 and 82 years. The average distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was 4.49 cm. Activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) were measured in tissue homogenates. The patients were grouped according to the tumour stage (Duke's staging), grading, localization, and size of tumour, as well as age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed. The activity of SOD and GPx was considerably increased, while the activity of GST decreased significantly in tumour as compared with normal mucosa. GR activity in colorectal cancer was evidently higher in tumours of proximal location compared with the distal ones. The distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was analyzed and related to all assayed parameters. A decreased GST activity was observed in corresponding normal mucosa more than 5 cm distant from the tumour in patients with CD Duke's stage. The higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in tumour compared to corresponding normal mucosa could indicate higher oxidative stress in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.

scholarly journals Modulating Properties of Piroxicam, Meloxicam and Oxicam Analogues against Macrophage-Associated Chemokines in Colorectal Cancer

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7375
Author(s):  
Paulina Lewandowska ◽  
Izabela Szczuka ◽  
Iwona Bednarz-Misa ◽  
Berenika M. Szczęśniak-Sięga ◽  
Katarzyna Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Colorectal Tumors ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Chemokine Expression ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Thiazine Ring ◽  
N Stage

The mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of oxicams have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to assess the effect of classic and novel oxicams on the expression/secretion of macrophage-associated chemokines (RTqPCR/Luminex xMAP) in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, and on the expression of upstream the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated genes NAG1, NFKBIA, MYD88, and RELA, as well as at the chemokine profiling in colorectal tumors. Meloxicam downregulated CCL4 9.9-fold, but otherwise the classic oxicams had a negligible/non-significant effect. Novel analogues with a thiazine ring substituted with arylpiperazine and benzoyl moieties significantly modulated chemokine expression to varying degree, upregulated NAG1 and NFKBIA, and downregulated MYD88. They inhibited CCL3 and CCL4, and their effect on CCL2 and CXCL2 depended on the dose and exposure. The propylene linker between thiazine and piperazine nitrogens and one arylpiperazine fluorine substituent characterized the most effective analogue. Only CCL19 and CXCL2 were not upregulated in tumors, nor was CXCL2 in tumor-adjacent tissue compared to normal mucosa. Compared to adjacent tissue, CCL4 and CXCL2 were upregulated, while CCL2, CCL8, and CCL19 were downregulated in tumors. Tumor CCL2 and CCL7 increased along with advancing T and CCL3, and CCL4 along with the N stage. The introduction of arylpiperazine and benzoyl moieties into the oxicam scaffold yields effective modulators of chemokine expression, which act by upregulating NAG1 and interfering with NF-κB signaling.

scholarly journals miRNAs-Based Molecular Signature for KRAS Mutated and Wild Type Colorectal Cancer: An Explorative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Elena Milanesi ◽  
Maria Dobre ◽  
Alina Ioana Bucuroiu ◽  
Vlad Herlea ◽  
Teodora Ecaterina Manuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers ◽  
Mirna Profile ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Peritumoral Tissue ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Shed Light

microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as promising molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and responsive therapeutic targets in different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we evaluated the expression levels of 84 cancer-associated miRNAs in a cohort of 39 human samples comprising 13 peritumoral and 26 tumoral tissues from surgical specimens of CRC patients. KRAS mutations were detected in 11 tumoral samples. In a first analysis, we found 5 miRNAs (miR-215-5p, miR-9-5p, miR-138-5p, miR378a-3p, and miR-150-5p) that were significantly downregulated and one upregulated (miR-135b-5p) in tumoral tissues compared with the peritumoral tissues. Furthermore, by comparing miRNA profile between KRAS mutated CRC tissues respect to wild type CRC tissues, we found 7 miRNA (miR-27b-3p, miR-191-5p, miR-let7d-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-98-5p, miR-10a-5p, and miR-149-5p) downregulated in KRAS mutated condition. In conclusion, we have identified a panel of miRNAs that specifically distinguish CRC tissues from peritumoral tissue and a different set of miRNAs specific for CRC with KRAS mutations. These findings may contribute to the discovering of new molecular biomarkers with clinic relevance and might shed light on novel molecular aspects of CRC.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Released by Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Modulate Innate Immune Response in Zebrafish Model: The Possible Role of Human Endogenous Retroviruses

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Ferrari ◽  
Marco Cafora ◽  
Federica Rota ◽  
Mirjam Hoxha ◽  
Simona Iodice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important components of the metastatic niche and are crucial in infiltration, metastasis, and immune tolerance processes during tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) positive EVs derived from tumor cellsmay have a role in modulating the innate immune response. The study was conducted in two different colorectal cancer cell lines, representing different stages of cancer development: Caco-2, derived from a non-metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma, and SK-CO-1, derived from metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (ascites). Both cell lines were treated with decitabine to induce global hypomethylation and to reactivate HERV expression. EVs were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and HERV-positive EV concentrations were measured by flow cytometry. The effect of EVs isolated from both untreated and decitabine-treated cells on the innate immune response was evaluated by injecting them in zebrafish embryos and then assessing Interleukin 1β (IL1-β), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the myeloperoxidase (mpx) expression levels by real-time qPCR. Interestingly, HERV-K positive EVs concentrations were significantly associated with a reduced expression of IL1-β and mpx, supporting our hypothesis that HERV-positive EVs may act as immunomodulators in tumor progression. The obtained results open new perspectives about the modulation of the immune response in cancer therapy.

Molecular biomarkers in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal adenocarcinoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Tänzer ◽  
Magdalena Liebl ◽  
Michael Quante
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers
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