scholarly journals Influence of Small Quantities of Water on the Physical Properties of Alkylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7334
Author(s):  
David Ausín ◽  
Juan J. Parajó ◽  
José L. Trenzado ◽  
Luis M. Varela ◽  
Oscar Cabeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ethylammonium Nitrate ◽  
Potential Applications

This paper presents a comprehensive study of two alkylammonium nitrate ionic liquids. As part of this family of materials, mainly ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and also propylammonium nitrate (PAN) have attracted a great deal of attention during the last decades due to their potential applications in many fields. Although there have been numerous publications focused on the measurement of their physical properties, a great dispersion can be observed in the results obtained for the same magnitude. One of the critical points to be taken into account in their physical characterization is their water content. Thus, the main objective of this work was to determine the degree of influence of the presence of small quantities of water in EAN and PAN on the measurement of density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, refractive index and surface tension. For this purpose, the first three properties were determined in samples of EAN and PAN with water contents below 30,000 ppm in a wide range of temperatures, between 5 and 95 °C, while the last two were obtained at 25 °C. As a result of this study, it has been concluded that the presence of water is critical in those physical properties that involve mass or charge transport processes, resulting in the finding that the absolute value of the average percentage change in both viscosity and electrical conductivity is above 40%. Meanwhile, refractive index (≤0.3%), density (≤0.5%) and surface tension (≤2%) present much less significant changes.

The physical properties of anomalous water

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Column Length ◽  
Anomalous Water

The properties of anomalous aqueous condensates, prepared in the manner described by Deryagin,1 vary with aqueous vapour pressure. The changes of column length and of melting point are similar to those of ordinary aqueous solutions. There is no sound evidence that the condensate exhibits abnormal viscosity, density, electrical conductivity, or surface tension.

Properties modification by eutectic formation in mixtures of ionic liquids

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (28) ◽  
pp. 22178-22187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Stolarska ◽  
Ana Soto ◽  
Héctor Rodríguez ◽  
Marcin Smiglak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Eutectic Mixtures ◽  
Eutectic Formation

The composition and temperature of three eutectic mixtures of ionic liquids and their physical properties (density, viscosity, and surface tension) are presented. Melting temperature depressions of up to ca. 50 K were found with regard to those of the parent ionic liquids.

scholarly journals Index Modulation Embedded in Type I Waveguide Written by Femtosecond Laser in Fused Silica

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
Jing Lv ◽  
Razvan Stoian ◽  
Guanghua Cheng ◽  
Kedian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Refractive Index Modulation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mechanical Perturbation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Index Modulation

Slit-shaped laser beams focused in bulk optical materials can realize embedded waveguides with circular cross sections consisting of positive index change type I traces. In these kinds of waveguide traces, a peculiar periodical refractive index modulation was observed in type I waveguides with two different femtosecond lasers. The direction of refractive index modulation can be controlled with the slit configuration, and its period can be controlled by mechanical perturbation of the stages and the scanning speed. We argue that platform perturbation and dynamical thermal transport processes during the scan are generating factors in the appearance of this modulation. The embedded microstructures in waveguides can provide spectrum modulation, which may have potential applications in optical sensing, filtering, and phase control.

Properties of KSCN-rich Molten NaSCN-KSCN Mixtures

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-544
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Iwadata ◽  
Junichi Mochinaga ◽  
Kazuo Igarashi ◽  
Koji Tajiri ◽  
Tadashi Asahina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Molten State

AbstractFor molten (Na, K)SCN mixtures with more than 50 mol% KSCN the molar volume Vm,electrical conductivity, χ, refractive index n, surface tension γ and heat capacity CP were measured in dependence of composition and temperature, γ exhibited the minimum at ca. 70 mol% KSCN and Cp was 148 JK-1 mol-1 in the range of 413 to 471 K. The electronic polarizabilities of the ions in the molten state were estimated by the semiclassical Clausius-Mossotti equation

scholarly journals The Stoichiometry of TCNQ-Based Organic Charge-Transfer Cocrystals

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Jiaoyang Gao ◽  
Huifei Zhai ◽  
Peng Hu ◽  
Hui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Organic Optoelectronic

Organic charge-transfer cocrystals (CTCs) have attracted significant research attention due to their wide range of potential applications in organic optoelectronic devices, organic magnetic devices, organic energy devices, pharmaceutical industry, etc. The physical properties of organic charge transfer cocrystals can be tuned not only by changing the donor and acceptor molecules, but also by varying the stoichiometry between the donor and the acceptor. However, the importance of the stoichiometry on tuning the properties of CTCs has still been underestimated. In this review, single-crystal growth methods of organic CTCs with different stoichiometries are first introduced, and their physical properties, including the degree of charge transfer, electrical conductivity, and field-effect mobility, are then discussed. Finally, a perspective of this research direction is provided to give the readers a general understanding of the concept.

Thermodynamics and Transport Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-181
Author(s):  
Thorvald Abel Engh ◽  
Geoffrey K. Sigworth ◽  
Anne Kvithyld
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Thermochemical Data ◽  
Molten Metals ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Interaction Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Equilibria

The fundamentals of thermodynamics are reviewed, focusing on the chemistry of high-temperature metals, oxides (slags), and salts. Thermochemical data are provided for important molten metals: the free energies of solution of alloy elements, and interaction coefficients. Standard free energies of reactions are also provided, so the reader may calculate important chemical equilibria. Example calculations are provided for the deoxidation of steel. The removal of sulfur and phosphorus are also described. The second half of the chapter considers fundamental aspects of important physical properties: viscosity, surface tension, diffusion, and thermal and electrical conductivity.

Taylor cones of ionic liquids from capillary tubes as sources of pure ions: The role of surface tension and electrical conductivity

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 064913 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Garoz ◽  
C. Bueno ◽  
C. Larriba ◽  
S. Castro ◽  
I. Romero-Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Capillary Tubes

Simulation of the Effects of the Physical Properties on Particle Formation of Pulsated Orifice Ejection Method (POEM)

2012 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Yi Fan Fu ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
Ming Hui Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Molten Metal ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vibration Time ◽  
Ejection Method

A simulation method was used to study the effects of physical parameters, including the contact angle between molten metal and material of orifice, surface tension and viscosity on particle formation of POEM. Droplets can be stably obtained only when the contact angel is at least 90° or larger, as well as the surface tension is adequate. Within a wide range, viscosity has little effect on droplet formation; as the viscosity increases, necking time is postponed and vibration time is shortened.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document