scholarly journals Auxin Treatment Enhances Anthocyanin Production in the Non-Climacteric Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10760
Author(s):  
Daniel Clayton-Cuch ◽  
Long Yu ◽  
Neil Shirley ◽  
David Bradley ◽  
Vincent Bulone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Anthocyanin Production ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key signaling molecule promoting ripening of non-climacteric fruits such as sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). To shed light on the role of other hormones on fruit development, ripening and anthocyanin production, the synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was applied to sweet cherry trees during the straw-color stage of fruit development. NAA-treated fruits exhibited higher concentrations of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE), which are a precursor of ethylene and a primary storage form of ABA, respectively. Consistent with these observations, transcript levels of genes encoding ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, both involved in ethylene biosynthesis, were increased after 6 days of NAA treatment, and both ABA concentration and expression of the regulator gene of ABA biosynthesis (NCED1 encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) were highest during early fruit ripening. In addition, transcript levels of key anthocyanin regulatory, biosynthetic and transport genes were significantly upregulated upon fruit exposure to NAA. This was accompanied by an increased anthocyanin concentration and fruit weight whilst fruit firmness and cracking index decreased. Altogether our data suggest that NAA treatment alters ethylene production, which in turn induces ripening in sweet cherry and enhanced anthocyanin production, possibly through ABA metabolism. The results from our study highlight the potential to use a single NAA treatment for manipulation of cherry ripening.

scholarly journals Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Field evaluations of 14 sweet cherry cultivars as pollinators for cv. Regina (Prunus avium, L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thurzó ◽  
M. Grandi ◽  
L. Lagezza ◽  
S. Lugli ◽  
I. J. Holb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Allele Group ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Prunus Avium L

In this study, the pollen of 14 sweet cherry cultivars (‘Anella’, ‘Duroni 3', 'Badacsony', 'Cristalina', 'Ferbolus', 'Ferrovia', 'Georgia', 'Hudson', 'Kordia', 'Sam', 'Schneiders’, ‘Spate’, ‘Knorpelkirsche', 'Skeena', 'Summit', 'Sylvia') was used to fertilize the emasculated flowers of sweet cherry cv. 'Regina'. Fruit set was assessed three times during fruit development: 14 May, 30 May and 27 May 2007. We observed full incompatibility among the 14 cultivars for cv. 'Cristalina', which is in the same S-allele group as cv. 'Regina'. After analysis of our data, we have results about fertilization efficiency of the cultivars. Most of the evaluated cultivars are inadequate to fertilize cv. 'Regina' to a sufficient degree. There were two exceptions, cv. 'Sam' and cv. 'Skeena', where percentage of ripened fruits was above 20%. These two cultivars can guarantee such a pollination, which ensures ample quantity of ripened fruits. Results of this study have proved three other cultivars to be quite good pollinators for cv. 'Regina'. In conclusion, ideal pollinators for cv. 'Regina' could be — apart from above-mentioned two cultivars, 'Sam' and 'Skeena' — cvs. 'Sylvia' and 'Bianca', which was suggested by more literature sources.

scholarly journals Aroma Compounds Are Responsible for an Herbaceous Off-Flavor in the Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. Regina during Fruit Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Juan D. Villavicencio ◽  
Juan P. Zoffoli ◽  
Anne Plotto ◽  
Carolina Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Avium L

An herbaceous/grassy-like flavor has been reported by Chilean producers of Regina sweet cherry. There are no previous academic reports related to this flavor occurrence. Sweet cherries from five phenological stages were collected from six orchards with high herbaceous flavor incidence spanning Chilean production zones during the 2019/2020 season. Four experienced panelists tasted the fruit to identify the off-flavor incidence and intensity from four phenological stages, and the same cherries were analyzed for volatile compounds. Thirty-nine volatiles were identified and semi-quantified using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS. The highest off-flavor incidence was found at the bright red (stage 3) and mahogany colors (stage 4). No single volatile explained the herbaceous flavor consistently among orchards. However, it appeared that the off-flavor was related to delayed ripening in cherries, with more C6 aldehydes and less esters. Furthermore, rainfall and the elevation of the orchard had a significant effect on the incidence of off-flavor. Preharvest practices that promote fruit ripening along with avoiding early harvests are recommended to reduce the incidence of herbaceous flavor in Regina.

Effect of three cherry rootstocks on the yield and fruiting of four sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Granger ◽  
AB Frensham
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Three cherry rootstocks were evaluated at Lenswood, South Australia, for their effect on yield and quality of fruit from 4 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties. There were no significant differences in total fruit yield, individual fruit weight, proportion of rain-split fruit, or fruit diameter between the seedling Mazzard (P. avium), Mahaleb (P. mahaleb) and Stockton Morello (P. cerasus) rootstocks, with varieties Venus, Stella, Sam and Merton Bigarreau, over 5 years. Yields for rootstocks and varieties followed similar trends over time. In particular, a large reduction in yield occurred in 1988, after a mild winter and unsatisfactory chilling at Lenswood. Although the difference was not statistically significant, Stockton Morello tended to produce fruit of lower weight and smaller diameter than the other rootstocks. In 1989, Stockton Morello produced fruit with a mean weight of 8.9 g, Mazzard 9.68 g, and Mahaleb 9.41 g. The percentages of fruit with a diameter >25 mm were 65, 68 and 51, for Mazzard, Mahaleb and Stockton Morello in the same year. Mahaleb was associated with a greater proportion of rain-split fruit in each year. In 1989, 31% of the total yield of fruit from varieties on Mahaleb was rain-split, compared to 23% on Mazzard and 22% on Stockton Morello. Mean fruit yields in 1989 were about 14 kg/tree for Mahaleb, 11 kg for Mazzard and 12 kg for Stockton Morello; a similar trend occurred in other years. Of the varieties, Sam had least rain-split damage each year, the greatest proportion being 7% in 1987. Venus, an earlier maturing variety, was associated with most rain-split fruit and resulted in 46% damaged fruit in 1989.

scholarly journals The effect of flowering date and temperature on embryo development in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.).

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
J.P. Braak
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Efficient Breeding ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Experiments involving the exposure of the early variety Kassins Fruhe [Kassin's Early] and the late-ripening seedling rootstock Limburgse Boskriek [Limburg Gean] to temperatures of 14-23 deg C during fruit development, and of the very early variety Fruheste der Mark [Earliest of the Marches] and Kassins Fruhe to low-temperature shocks during their incubation at 17 and 20 deg C, are described, and reanalysed field data on the embryo quality of 15 varieties during 1954-65 are presented. The results indicate that fruit development at temperatures below 16-18 deg C resulted in a deterioration of embryo quality, and the temperature sensitivity of the embryo generally increased as the period from flowering to fruit ripeness shortened. It is suggested that more efficient breeding for earliness could be achieved by maintaining trees at temperatures above 18 deg C during the period from flowering to the completion of embryo growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Biochemical and phenotypic characterization of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars with induced surface pitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 111494
Author(s):  
Excequel Ponce ◽  
Blanca Alzola ◽  
Natalia Cáceres ◽  
Madeline Gas ◽  
Catalina Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Prunus Avium L

scholarly journals Multi-year analyses on three populations reveal the first stable QTLs for tolerance to rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Quero-García ◽  
Philippe Letourmy ◽  
José Antonio Campoy ◽  
Camille Branchereau ◽  
Svetoslav Malchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

AbstractRain-induced fruit cracking is a major problem in sweet cherry cultivation. Basic research has been conducted to disentangle the physiological and mechanistic bases of this complex phenomenon, whereas genetic studies have lagged behind. The objective of this work was to disentangle the genetic determinism of rain-induced fruit cracking. We hypothesized that a large genetic variation would be revealed, by visual field observations conducted on mapping populations derived from well-contrasted cultivars for cracking tolerance. Three populations were evaluated over 7–8 years by estimating the proportion of cracked fruits for each genotype at maturity, at three different areas of the sweet cherry fruit: pistillar end, stem end, and fruit side. An original approach was adopted to integrate, within simple linear models, covariates potentially related to cracking, such as rainfall accumulation before harvest, fruit weight, and firmness. We found the first stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cherry fruit cracking, explaining percentages of phenotypic variance above 20%, for each of these three types of cracking tolerance, in different linkage groups, confirming the high complexity of this trait. For these and other QTLs, further analyses suggested the existence of at least two-linked QTLs in each linkage group, some of which showed confidence intervals close to 5 cM. These promising results open the possibility of developing marker-assisted selection strategies to select cracking-tolerant sweet cherry cultivars. Further studies are needed to confirm the stability of the reported QTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments and to narrow down the QTL confidence intervals, allowing the exploration of underlying candidate genes.

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