scholarly journals The Effect of Age and Intrinsic Aerobic Exercise Capacity on the Expression of Inflammation and Remodeling Markers in Rat Achilles Tendons

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Runa Kinitz ◽  
Estelle Heyne ◽  
Lauren G. Koch ◽  
Steven L. Britton ◽  
Manuela Thierbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Tendon Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity ◽  
Old Rats

Old age, adiposity, and metabolic disorders are known as risk factors for chronic tendinopathy, which is a common problem in both athletes and the general population. However, the importance of these influencing factors has not yet been well understood. This study investigated alterations in gene expression and histology of Achilles tendons of young (10 weeks) and old (100 weeks) rats bred for low (low capacity runners, LCR) and high (high capacity runners, HCR) intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity. In this rat model, LCR displayed a phenotype of reduced exercise capacity, higher body weight, and metabolic dysfunctions compared to HCR. We hypothesized that the risk factors for tendinopathy in old LCR could lead to more pronounced impairments in Achilles tendon tissue. In quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), age-related downregulation of tenocyte markers e.g., tenomodulin, genes related to matrix modeling and remodeling (e.g., collagens, elastin, biglycan, fibronectin, tenascin C) as well as transforming growth factor beta 3 (Tgfb3) have been detected. Inflammation marker cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) was downregulated in old rats, while microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 2 (Ptges2) was upregulated in old HCR and old LCR. In all groups, interleukin 6 (Il6), interleukin 1 beta (Il1b), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfa) showed no significant alteration. In histological evaluation, tendons of old rats had fewer and more elongated tenocyte nuclei than young rats. Even though a higher content of glycosaminoglycans, a sign of degeneration, was found in old HCR and LCR, no further signs of tendinopathy were detectable in tendons of old rats by histological evaluation. Low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity and the associated phenotype did not show significant effects on gene expression and tendon histology. These findings indicate that aging seems to play a prominent role in molecular and structural alterations of Achilles tendon tissue and suggests that other risk factors associated with intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity are less influential in this rat model.

scholarly journals Gene expression centroids that link with low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity and complex disease risk

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 4565-4574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Kivela ◽  
Mika Silvennoinen ◽  
Maarit Lehti ◽  
Rita Rinnankoski‐Tuikka ◽  
Tatja Purhonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity

scholarly journals Decreased pulmonary vascular distensibility in adolescents conceived by in vitro fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1799-1808
Author(s):  
K Forton ◽  
Y Motoji ◽  
B Pezzuto ◽  
S Caravita ◽  
A Delbaere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Right Ventricular Function ◽  
Exercise Echocardiography ◽  
Lung Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the functional relevance of decreased pulmonary vascular distensibility in adolescents conceived by IVF? SUMMARY ANSWER Children born by IVF have a slight decrease in pulmonary vascular distensibility observed during normoxic exercise that is not associated with altered right ventricular function and aerobic exercise capacity. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY General vascular dysfunction and increased hypoxic pulmonary hypertension have been reported in ART children as compared to controls. Pulmonary hypertension or decreased pulmonary vascular distensibility may affect right ventricular function and thereby possibly limit maximal cardiac output and aerobic exercise capacity. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective case-control study enrolled 15 apparently healthy adolescents conceived by IVF/ICSI after fresh embryo transfer paired in a 2 to 1 ratio to 30 naturally conceived adolescents between March 2015 and May 2018. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Fifteen IVF/ICSI adolescents and 30 controls from singleton gestations matched by age, gender, weight, height and physical activity underwent exercise echocardiography, lung diffusion capacity measurements and a cycloergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test. A pulmonary vascular distensibility coefficient α was determined from the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) versus cardiac output (Q) relationships. Pulmonary capillary volume (Vc) was calculated from single breath nitric oxide and carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity measurements (DLCO and DLNO) at rest and during exercise (100 W). Eight of the IVF subjects and eight controls underwent a 30 min hypoxic challenge at rest with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.12 to assess hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In normoxia, oxygen uptake (VO2), blood pressure, DLCO, DLNO, echocardiographic indices of right ventricular function, Q and PAP at rest and during exercise were similar in both groups. However, IVF children had a lower pulmonary vascular distensibility coefficient α (1.2 ± 0.3 versus 1.5 ± 0.3%/mmHg, P = 0.02) and a blunted exercise-induced increase in Vc (24 versus 32%, P < 0.05). Hypoxic-induced increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in eight IVF subjects versus eight controls was similar. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The IVF cohort was small, and thus type I or II errors could have occurred in spite of careful matching of each case with two controls. ART evolved over the years, so that it is not certain that the presently reported subtle changes will be reproducible in the future. As the study was limited to singletons born after fresh embryo transfers, our observations cannot be extrapolated to singletons born after frozen embryo transfer. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The present study suggests that adolescents conceived by IVF have preserved right ventricular function and aerobic exercise capacity despite a slight alteration in pulmonary vascular distensibility as assessed by two entirely different methods, i.e. exercise echocardiography and lung diffusing capacity measurements. However, the long-term prognostic relevance of this slight decrease in pulmonary vascular distensibility needs to be evaluated in prospective large scale and long-term outcome studies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Dr Caravita was supported by an ERS PAH short term research training fellowship (STRTF2014-5264). Dr Pezzuto was funded by an Italian Society of cardiology grant. Dr Motoji was supported by a grant from the Cardiac Surgery Funds, Belgium. All authors have no conflicts of interests to declare.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise capacity is maintained over a 5-year period in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Wallin ◽  
Eva Jansson ◽  
Carin Wallquist ◽  
Britta Hylander Rössner ◽  
Stefan H. Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Aerobic exercise capacity is reduced in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the magnitude of changes in exercise capacity over time is less known. Our main hypothesis was that aerobic ExCap would decline over 5 years in individuals with mild-to-moderate CKD along with a decline in renal function. A secondary hypothesis was that such a decline in ExCap would be associated with a decline in muscle strength, cardiovascular function and physical activity. Methods We performed a 5-year-prospective study on individuals with mild-to-moderate CKD, who were closely monitored at a nephrology clinic. Fiftytwo individuals with CKD stage 2–3 and 54 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Peak workload was assessed through a maximal cycle exercise test. Muscle strength and lean body mass, cardiac function, vascular stiffness, self-reported physical activity level, renal function and haemoglobin level were evaluated. Tests were repeated after 5 years. Statistical analysis of longitudinal data was performed using linear mixed models. Results Exercise capacity did not change significantly over time in either the CKD group or controls, although the absolute workloads were significantly lower in the CKD group. Only in a CKD subgroup reporting low physical activity at baseline, exercise capacity declined. Renal function decreased in both groups, with a larger decline in CKD (p = 0.05 between groups). Peak heart rate, haemoglobin level, handgrip strength, lean body mass and cardiovascular function did not decrease significantly over time in CKD individuals. Conclusions On a group level, aerobic exercise capacity and peak heart rate were maintained over 5 years in patients with well-controlled mild-to-moderate CKD, despite a slight reduction in glomerular filtration rate. In line with the maintained exercise capacity, cardiovascular and muscular function were also preserved. In individuals with mild-to-moderate CKD, physical activity level at baseline seems to have a predictive value for exercise capacity at follow-up.

96 Burn Injury may have Age-dependent Effects on Strength and Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Boys Compared to Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S53-S53
Author(s):  
E Rivas ◽  
K Sanchez ◽  
J Cambiaso-Daniel ◽  
D N Herndon ◽  
R P Mlcak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity ◽  
Age Dependent

The Effects of Quadriceps Kinesio Taping on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Performance in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neslihan Duruturk ◽  
Nihan Ozunlu Pekyavas ◽  
Atakan Yρlmaz ◽  
Metin Karatas
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Healthy Participants

Objective:Aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities are important components of athletic performance. The use of Kinesio Taping® (KT) as a supplementary treatment in athletic settings has increased in the recent years. KT can facilitate muscle contraction, which may be useful for improving performance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of KT to the quadriceps muscle has any effect on anaerobic and aerobic performance in young healthy individuals.Design:Randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical study.Setting:Baskent University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation.Patients:Thirty-two healthy male participants were randomly assigned to either the KT group or a sham KT (SKT) group.Interventions:The KT muscle facilitation technique was applied to the quadriceps muscle bilaterally and measurements were taken 45 min later to ensure full adhesion.Main Outcome Measures:The Wingate cycle ergometer test was used to assess peak anaerobic power (peak AnP, in Watts) and exercise capacity (Watt/kg), while the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to assess aerobic exercise capacity of the participants. Comparisons between groups were performed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, while those between baseline and posttaping used the nonparametric Wilcoxon test.Results:No significant difference was found between the two groups in the aerobic or anaerobic test parameters (p > .05). Within the groups, a significant improvement in time factors in peak AnP (929.7 2 ± 184.37 W to 1043.49 ± 224.42 W) was found only in the KT group (p = .028) and no other parameter was significantly different (p > .05).Conclusions:KT applied to the quadriceps muscle can positively improve anaerobic exercise performance and athletic performance capacity. However, KT did not affect aerobic capacity. Further research is needed to show that KT can improve and support anaerobic and aerobic exercise capacity in healthy participants or athletes.

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