scholarly journals Image Watermarking Approach Using a Hybrid Domain Based on Performance Parameter Analysis

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Rohit Srivastava ◽  
Ravi Tomar ◽  
Maanak Gupta ◽  
Anuj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jaehong Park
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Performance Parameter ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Transform Domain ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Hybrid Domain ◽  
Modification Method

In today’s scenario, image watermarking has been an integral part in various multimedia applications. Watermarking is the approach for adding additional information to the existing image to protect the data from modification and to provide data integrity. Frequency transform domain techniques are complex and costly and degrade the quality of the image due to less embedding of bits. The proposed work utilize the original DCT method with some modifications and applies this method on frequency bands of DWT. Furthermore, the output is used in combination with a pixel modification method for embedding and extraction. The proposed outcome is the improvement of performance achieved in terms of time, imperceptibility, and robustness.

scholarly journals Imperceptible–Visible Watermarking to Information Security Tasks in Color Imaging

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 2374
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Ulises Juarez-Sandoval ◽  
Francisco Javier Garcia-Ugalde ◽  
Manuel Cedillo-Hernandez ◽  
Jazmin Ramirez-Hernandez ◽  
Leobardo Hernandez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Visible Watermarking ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Digital Reproduction ◽  
Two Stages

Digital image watermarking algorithms have been designed for intellectual property, copyright protection, medical data management, and other related fields; furthermore, in real-world applications such as official documents, banknotes, etc., they are used to deliver additional information about the documents’ authenticity. In this context, the imperceptible–visible watermarking (IVW) algorithm has been designed as a digital reproduction of the real-world watermarks. This paper presents a new improved IVW algorithm for copyright protection that can deliver additional information to the image content. The proposed algorithm is divided into two stages: in the embedding stage, a human visual system-based strategy is used to embed an owner logotype or a 2D quick response (QR) code as a watermark into a color image, maintaining a high watermark imperceptibility and low image-quality degradation. In the exhibition, a new histogram binarization function approach is introduced to exhibit any watermark with enough quality to be recognized or decoded by any application, which is focused on reading QR codes. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can embed one or more watermark patterns, maintaining the high imperceptibility and visual quality of the embedded and the exhibited watermark. The performance evaluation shows that the method overcomes several drawbacks reported in previous algorithms, including geometric and image processing attacks such as JPEG and JPEG2000.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Data Integrity Techniques in Cloud Computing: An Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Thakur ◽  
Aman Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Security Models ◽  
Cloud Storage Service ◽  
Storage Service ◽  
Cloud Users ◽  
It Enterprises

Cloud computing has been envisioned as the definite and concerning solution to the rising storage costs of IT Enterprises. There are many cloud computing initiatives from IT giants such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM. Integrity monitoring is essential in cloud storage for the same reasons that data integrity is critical for any data centre. Data integrity is defined as the accuracy and consistency of stored data, in absence of any alteration to the data between two updates of a file or record.  In order to ensure the integrity and availability of data in Cloud and enforce the quality of cloud storage service, efficient methods that enable on-demand data correctness verification on behalf of cloud users have to be designed. To overcome data integrity problem, many techniques are proposed under different systems and security models. This paper will focus on some of the integrity proving techniques in detail along with their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals 179 Improving Operative Notes in Upper GI Surgery: An Innovative QI Project Utilising Existing Electronic Hospital Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sadik ◽  
A Butt ◽  
Z Gowie ◽  
J Carew ◽  
A Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Records ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Hospital Systems ◽  
Operative Notes ◽  
Mean Compliance ◽  
Valuable Role ◽  
Electronic Hospital

Abstract Introduction Operative notes play a valuable role in ensuring that surgical patients receive consistent and adequate care. There are many inherent difficulties affecting their quality. We performed a QI project to improve surgical operative notes at our centre. Method A questionnaire assessing subjective quality of operative notes was sent to all foundation doctors delivering post-operative care. Compliance to each inclusion recommendation in the RCS guidelines was analysed. A standardised template for operative notes was incorporated into the hospital’s electronic records system, compliance was then reassessed. Results Questionnaire responses (16) were better for typed vs hand-written notes in all domains: ease of accessing notes, following intra-operative steps, following post-operative plans and frequency of asking for additional information regarding plans. After implementation of the template, mean compliance across 19 RCS parameters improved from 69% (55 operations) to 89% (46 operations). Number of parameters with 100% compliance improved from 2/19 to 8/19. Compliance increased in 14/19 parameters, there was no change in 2/19 (already 100%) and a reduction was seen in 3/19. Conclusions Results from our analysis and questionnaire showed that typed notes were favourable when compared to hand-written. The introduction of a standardised electronic template, without investment in new software, improved compliance to RCS guidelines.

scholarly journals The expanded prostate cancer index composite short form (EPIC-26) for measuring health-related quality of life: content analysis of patients’ spontaneous comments written in survey margins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maija Talvitie ◽  
Hanna Ojala ◽  
Teuvo Tammela ◽  
Ilkka Pietilä
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Introduction This study investigates comments that prostate cancer patients spontaneously write in the margins of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Short Form (EPIC-26) questionnaire. We aim to show the possible barriers that patients face while answering the survey, and to consider how these barriers may affect the response data generated. We investigate the kind of information patients’ comments on EPIC-26 contain, and patients’ motivations to provide this information. We also study why some EPIC domains spark more comments than others. Method We analyzed 28 pages of transcribed comments and four pages of supplementary letters from our survey participants (n = 496). Using inductive content analysis, we generated 10 categories describing the content of participants’ comments, and four themes demonstrating their motives for commenting. The comments regarding each EPIC domain were quantified to discover any differences between domains. Results The sexual domain of EPIC-26 provoked over half of all comments. Patients without recent sexual activity or desire had difficulties answering sexual function questions 8–10. The lack of instructions on whether to take erectile aid use into account when answering erectile function questions led to a diversity of answering strategies. Patients with urinary catheters could not find suitable answer options for questions 1–4. All domains sparked comments containing additional information about experienced symptoms. Conclusion Patients are mainly willing to report their symptoms, but a lack of suitable answer options causes missing data and differing answering strategies in the sexual and urinary domains of EPIC-26, weakening the quality of the response data received.

A framework for the evaluation and use of alternative data in the Consumer Expenditure Surveys

1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Erhard ◽  
Brett McBride ◽  
Adam safir
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Labor Statistics ◽  
Weighting Procedures ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics ◽  
The U.S

As part of the implementation of its strategic plan, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has increasingly studied the issue of using alternative data to improve both the quality of its data and the process by which those data are collected. The plan includes the goal of integrating alternative data into BLS programs. This article describes the framework used by the BLS Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) program and the potential these data hold for complementing data collected in traditional formats. It also addresses some of the challenges BLS faces when using alternative data and the complementary role that alternative data play in improving the quality of data currently collected. Alternative data can substitute for what is presently being collected from respondents and provide additional information to supplement the variables the CE program produces or to adjust the CE program’s processing and weighting procedures.

Analysis and Evaluation of a Framework for Sampling Database in Recommenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodjat Hamidi ◽  
Reza Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Association Rules ◽  
Relational Database ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation

In this paper the authors proposed a database sampling framework that aims to minimize the time necessary to produce a sample database. They argue that the performance of current relational database sampling techniques that maintain the data integrity of the sample database is low and a faster strategy needs to be devised. The sampling method targets the production environment of a system under development that generally consists of large amounts of data computationally costly to analyze. The results have been improved due to the fact that the authors have selected the users that they had more information about them and they have made the data table denser. Therefore, by increasing the data and making the rating more comprehensive for all the users they can help to produce the more and better association rules. The obtained results were not that much suitable for Jester dataset but with their proposed methods the authors have tried to improve the quantity and quality of the rules. These results indicate that the effectiveness of the system greatly depends on the input data and the applied dataset. In addition, if the user rates more number of the items the system efficiency will be more increased.

scholarly journals Image Denoising Using Discrete Wavelet Transform : A Theoretical Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.16) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Praveen Bhargava ◽  
Shruti Choubey ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Bhujade ◽  
Nilesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Image Denoising ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Transform Domain ◽  
Hybrid Filter ◽  
Edge Sharpness ◽  
In Series ◽  
Salt And Pepper ◽  
Image Type

Noise is a random variation in brightness and color in image or simply we can say that unwanted signals are called noise. The noise is mixed with original signal and cause may troubles. Due to the presence of noise, quality of image is reduced and other features like edge sharpness and pattern recognition are badly affected. In image denoising methods to improve the results a hybrid filter is used for better visualization. The hybrid filter is composed with the combination of three filters connected in series. The hybridization has performed much better in case of salt and pepper type of noise and for most of the medical image type, either MRI, CT, SPECT, Ultra Sound. PSNR values show major improvement in comparison of other existing methods. Future, the results obtained from the presented denoising experiments would be tried to be improved further by using this method with other transform domain methods. Finally, the results are concluded that the proposed approach in terms of PSNR, MSE improvement is outperformed. 

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