scholarly journals Enriching Roadside Safety Assessments Using LiDAR Technology: Disaggregate Collision-Level Data Fusion and Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Suliman Gargoum ◽  
Lloyd Karsten ◽  
Karim El-Basyouny ◽  
Xinyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
Serious Injuries

Fatalities and serious injuries still represent a significant portion of run-off-the-road (ROR) collisions on highways in North America. In order to address this issue and design safer and more forgiving roadside areas, more empirical evidence is required to understand the association between roadside elements and safety. The inability to gather that evidence has been attributed in many cases to limitations in data collection and data fusion capabilities. To help overcome such issues, this paper proposes using LiDAR datasets to extract the information required to analyze factors contributing to the severity of ROR collisions on a localized collision level. Specifically, the paper proposes a new method for extracting pole-like objects and tree canopies. Information about other roadside assets, including signposts, alignment attributes, and side slopes is also extracted from the LiDAR scans in a fully automated manner. The extracted information is then attached to individual collisions to perform a localized assessment. Logistic regression is then used to explore links between the extracted features and the severity of fixed-object collisions. The analysis is conducted on 80 km of roads from 10 different highways in Alberta, Canada. The results show that roadside attributes vary significantly for the different collisions along the 80 km analyzed, indicating the importance of utilizing LiDAR to extract such features on a disaggregate collision level. The regression results show that the steepness of side slopes and the offset of roadside objects had the most significant impacts on the severity of fixed-object collisions.

Estimating Vehicle Roadside Encroachment Frequencies by Using Accident Prediction Models

1997 ◽  
Vol 1599 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaw-Pin Miaou
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Viable Approach

The existing data to support the development of roadside encroachment-based accident-prediction models are limited and largely outdated. Under FHWA and TRB sponsorship, several roadside safety projects have attempted to address this issue by proposing rather comprehensive data collection plans and conducting pilot data collection efforts. It is clear from these studies that the required cost for the proposed roadside field data-collection efforts will be very high. Furthermore, the validity of any field-collected roadside encroachment data may be questionable because of the technical difficulty of distinguishing intentional (or controlled) from unintentional (or uncontrolled) encroachments. A method to estimate some of the basic roadside encroachment parameters, including vehicle roadside encroachment frequency and the probability distribution of lateral extent of encroachments, using existing accident-based prediction models is proposed. The method is developed by utilizing the probabilistic relationships between a roadside encroachment event and a run-off-the-road accident event. With some assumptions, the method is capable of providing a wide range of basic encroachment parameters from conventional accident-based prediction models. To illustrate the concept and use of such a method, some basic encroachment parameters are estimated for rural two-lane undivided roads. In addition, the estimated encroachment parameters are compared with those estimated from the existing encroachment data. The illustration indicates that this method can be a viable approach to estimating basic encroachment parameters of interest and, thus, has the potential of reducing the roadside data collection cost.

Error Level Data Fusion Algorithm in WSN

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 5303-5307
Author(s):  
Yan Kong Yan ◽  
Fei Fei Qian ◽  
Wen Yi Shen ◽  
Ning Ning Qin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Classification Error ◽  
Virtual Node ◽  
Polynomial Fitting ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Error Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Target Set

After analysis of the performance of data fusion based on virtual node algorithm (VNB-DF), design of a classification error (EG) the virtual node data fusion algorithm. The algorithm's accuracy depending on the target, set the error level, expressed through the polynomial fitting coefficients of a range of monitoring the distribution of data in memory to generate a virtual node. Experimental results show that compares with the data obtained with the cluster mean and VNB-DF algorithm, the algorithm greatly improves the accuracy of data collection, applications in types of environmental can show a good performance.

scholarly journals Characteristic of Safety Recovery Zone and Roadside Hazard Cases in Malaysia Road: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
A.K. Kunji
Keyword(s):  
Design Guidelines ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Serious Injuries

The increasing number of highway crashes and the rising rate of fatality on run-off-road accidents has alarmed institutions to introduce design guidelines, evaluate their outcomes and improve the guidelines accordingly. This paper presents a case study on some of the existing roadside hazards in Malaysia, their impact to motorists, and reviews the current related provisions in the published design guidelines. Observations and in-depth study were made to the selected existing roadside hazards and assess their compliance to the available design guidelines and recommend improvement to some areas. The scope of the study covers on roadside trees, lighting and signboard poles, drainage structures, kerbs and safety barriers. The previously planted trees of less than 100 millimetres diameter within the clear zone of 9 and 6 meters to rural and urban roads respectively have grown in size to more than 500 mm diameters over 15 years, and today they have become hazards and causing deaths or serious injuries to passengers. The lighting and signboard poles installed near to the travel lane have resulted in high impact collisions to the extent of splitting vehicles and killing the motorists. The current roadside drainage structures are made of concrete and some with rubble lined walls are harmful and have been killing and injuring motorists when they are placed within the roadside safety recovery zone or corridor that are meant for skidding errant vehicle to make recovery traversing back to travel lane. The study showed some roadside barriers are not correctly applied and have become hazards instead of protecting the motorists. The outcomes of the case study suggest improvement to the design guidelines and roadside physical condition to minimise hazards to motorists.

Spray Volume, Canopy Density, and Other Factors Involved in Thinner Efficacy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 553d-553
Author(s):  
C.R. Unrath
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
The North ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Water Volumes

Historically, most airblast chemical applications to apple orchards used a single “average” water volume, resulting in variability of coverage with tree size and also the greatest variable in chemical thinning. This coverage variability can be eliminated by properly quantifying the tree canopy, as tree row volume (TRV), and relating that volume to airblast water rate for adequate coverge. Maximum typical tree height, cross-row limb spread, and between-row spacing are used to quantify the TRV. Further refinement is achieved by adjusting the water volume for tree canopy density. The North Carolina TRV model allows a density adjustment from 0.7 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for young, very open tree canopies to 1.0 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for large, thick tree canopies to deliver a full dilute application for maximum water application (to the point of run-off). Most dilute pesticide applications use 70% of full dilute to approach the point of drip (pesticide dilute) to not waste chemicals and reduce non-target environmental exposure. From the “chemical load” (i.e., lb/acre) calculated for the pesticide dilute application, the proper chemical load for lower (concentrate) water volumes can be accurately determined. Another significant source of variability is thinner application response is spray distribution to various areas of the tree. This variability is related to tree configuration, light, levels, fruit set, and natural thinning vs. the need for chemical thinning. Required water delivery patterns are a function of tree size, form, spacing, and density, as well as sprayer design (no. of nozzles and fan size). The TRV model, density adjustments, and nozzle patterns to effectively hit the target for uniform crop load will be addressed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Safety Risk of Rural Roadsides Using a Bayesian Network Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianpei Tang ◽  
Senlai Zhu ◽  
Yuntao Guo ◽  
Xizhao Zhou ◽  
Yang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Point Density

Evaluating the safety risk of rural roadsides is critical for achieving reasonable allocation of a limited budget and avoiding excessive installation of safety facilities. To assess the safety risk of rural roadsides when the crash data are unavailable or missing, this study proposed a Bayesian Network (BN) method that uses the experts’ judgments on the conditional probability of different safety risk factors to evaluate the safety risk of rural roadsides. Eight factors were considered, including seven factors identified in the literature and a new factor named access point density. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study was conducted using 19.42 km long road networks in the rural area of Nantong, China. By comparing the results of the proposed method and run-off-road (ROR) crash data from 2015–2016 in the study area, the road segments with higher safety risk levels identified by the proposed method were found to be statistically significantly correlated with higher crash severity based on the crash data. In addition, by comparing the respective results evaluated by eight factors and seven factors (a new factor removed), we also found that access point density significantly contributed to the safety risk of rural roadsides. These results show that the proposed method can be considered as a low-cost solution to evaluating the safety risk of rural roadsides with relatively high accuracy, especially for areas with large rural road networks and incomplete ROR crash data due to budget limitation, human errors, negligence, or inconsistent crash recordings.

Numerical Investigation of the Performance of a Roadside Safety Barrier Located Behind the Break Point of a Slope

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mongiardini ◽  
J. D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Barrier ◽  
Mechanically Stabilized

Numerical simulations allow engineers in roadside safety to investigate the safety of retrofit designs minimizing or, in some cases, avoiding the high costs related to the execution of full-scale experimental tests. This paper describes the numerical investigation made to assess the performance of a roadside safety barrier when relocated behind the break point of a 3H:1V slope, found on a Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) system. A safe barrier relocation in the slope would allow reducing the installation width of the MSE system by an equivalent amount, thus decreasing the overall construction costs. The dynamics of a pick-up truck impacting the relocated barrier and the system deformation were simulated in detail using the explicit non-linear dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA. The model was initially calibrated and subsequently validated against results from a previous full-scale crash test with the barrier placed at the slope break point. After a sensitivity analysis regarding the role of suspension failure and tire deflation on the vehicle stability, the system performance was assessed when it was relocated into the slope. Two different configurations were considered, differing for the height of the rail respect to the road surface and the corresponding post embedment into the soil. Conclusions and recommendations were drawn based on the results obtained from the numerical analysis.

Evaluation of Network-Level Data Collection Variability and its Influence on Pavement Evaluation Utilizing Random Forest Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812098043
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Jia ◽  
Mark Woods ◽  
Hongren Gong ◽  
Di Zhu ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Condition Evaluation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Pavement Evaluation ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Parallel Tests

The use of pavement condition data to support maintenance and resurfacing strategies and justify budget needs becomes more crucial as more data-driven approaches are being used by the state highway agencies (SHAs). Therefore, it is important to understand and thus evaluate the influence of data variability on pavement management activities. However, owing to a huge amount of data collected annually, it is a challenge for SHAs to evaluate the influence of data collection variability on network-level pavement evaluation. In this paper, network-level parallel tests were employed to evaluate data collection variability. Based on the data sets from the parallel tests, classification models were constructed to identify the segments that were subject to inconsistent rating resulting from data collection variability. These models were then used to evaluate the influence of data variability on pavement evaluation. The results indicated that the variability of longitudinal cracks was influenced by longitudinal lane joints, lateral wandering, and lane measurement zones. The influence of data variability on condition evaluation for state routes was more significant than that for interstates. However, high variability of individual metrics may not necessarily lead to high variability of combined metrics.

scholarly journals PELUANG ALUMNI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA FKIP UMB DALAM MENDAPATKAN PEKERJAAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS REGRESI LOGISTIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Mahyudi Mahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
National Origin ◽  
College Graduation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis

Graduation or college graduation become the most exciting moment for a student. In addition to successfully get a degree, they are also eager to enter the workforce. But sometimes the spirit was lost in the middle of the road. Many fresh graduates complain of difficult to get a job at this time. Every year the number of graduates to grow while jobs are not directly proportional to the increase in the number of graduates. The study analyzed what are the chances of graduates Mathematics Education FKIP Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu in getting a job. Samples taken as many as 78 graduates between September 2015 to April 2016. The factors considered were gender, age, GPA, national origin, jobs for college and the work areas as desired. Analysis of survey data using ordinal logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the dominant factors that affect the length of the graduates in getting a job is GPA, work experience in college and the desired field of work.

scholarly journals Testing the quality of underground transport in Bucharest

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1088-1100
Author(s):  
Alexandru Statescu
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Using Data

Abstract In a city with overcrowded traffic, a component of the common transport is Bucharest transportation of metro (subway passenger transport on the railway network underground and surface) and is the core activity of METROREX S.A. The company aims each year a greater number of passengers according to the charts of the movement of subway trains to ensure adequate transport capacity as required and optimal conditions of comfort and safety. Each year, the company aims to find out the opinion of passengers on the transport conditions and, in this respect, organize a survey with the aim of testing the quality of underground transport in Bucharest in 16 subway stations considered to be representative. In this paper I intend to do an analysis using statistical research methods, of the quality of underground transport in Bucharest, using data from the survey conducted in the year 2014. Data collection in the stations was realized through 32 operators, by 2 in each station (one in each direction of travel) by completing questionnaires (using interview technique or face to face technique), using a sample considered representative of 2,400 travelers with a margin of error of ± 2% on a 95% probability level. Data collection was made during the period when passenger traffic is large enough to provide a good representation of data and cover the entire program running underground. The questionnaire contains eight questions that have allowed those who responded to the survey to fit in the time between trains in circulation. In 2016, the structure of the questionnaire was modified, questions were modified for a more effective assessment of characteristics of observation. The answers to the questions contained in the questionnaire were collected by operators in the 16 subway stations: Piața Unirii 1 and 2, Piața Victoriei 1 and 2, Dristor 2, Nicolae Grigorescu, Universitate, Piața Sudului, Pipera, Eroilor, Gara de Nord 1, Obor, Crângași, Pantelimon, Parc Bazilescu and 1 December 1918, analyzed and processed based on 2400 questionnaires. A new category of polls states in the present and is determined by evolutions in computer networks and communication, are called online surveys conducted on the Web. Also in this paper, I propose the implementation of a solution based on an online survey website that includes the online version of the questionnaire used to collect data from the virtual environment.

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