scholarly journals Ecological and Societal Services of Aquatic Diptera

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Adler ◽  
Gregory Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Human Services ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Benefits And Costs

More than any other group of macro-organisms, true flies (Diptera) dominate the freshwater environment. Nearly one-third of all flies—roughly 46,000 species—have some developmental connection with an aquatic environment. Their abundance, ubiquity, and diversity of adaptations to the aquatic environment position them as major drivers of ecosystem processes and as sources of products and bioinspiration for the benefit of human society. Larval flies are well represented as ecosystem engineers and keystone species that alter the abiotic and biotic environments through activities such as burrowing, grazing, suspension feeding, and predation. The enormous populations sometimes achieved by aquatic flies can provide the sole or major dietary component for other organisms. Harnessing the services of aquatic Diptera for human benefit depends on the ingenuity of the scientific community. Aquatic flies have played a role as indicators of water quality from the earliest years of bioassessment. They serve as indicators of historical and future ecological and climate change. As predators and herbivores, they can serve as biological control agents. The association of flies with animal carcasses in aquatic environments provides an additional set of tools for forensic science. The extremophilic attributes of numerous species of Diptera offer solutions for human adaptation to harsh terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. The potential pharmaceutical and industrial applications of the symbiotic microbial community in extremophilic Diptera are better explored than are those of dipteran chemistry. Many flies provide valuable ecological and human services as aquatic immatures, but are also pests and vectors of disease agents as terrestrial adults. The scientific community, thus, is challenged with balancing the benefits and costs of aquatic Diptera, while maintaining sustainable populations as more species face extinction.

scholarly journals On the Coronaviruses and Their Associations with the Aquatic Environment and Wastewater

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Wartecki ◽  
Piotr Rzymski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Positive Sense

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe respiratory disease caused by betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, in 2019 that further developed into a pandemic has received an unprecedented response from the scientific community and sparked a general research interest into the biology and ecology of Coronaviridae, a family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Aquatic environments, lakes, rivers and ponds, are important habitats for bats and birds, which are hosts for various coronavirus species and strains and which shed viral particles in their feces. It is therefore of high interest to fully explore the role that aquatic environments may play in coronavirus spread, including cross-species transmissions. Besides the respiratory tract, coronaviruses pathogenic to humans can also infect the digestive system and be subsequently defecated. Considering this, it is pivotal to understand whether wastewater can play a role in their dissemination, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. This review provides an overview of the taxonomy, molecular biology, natural reservoirs and pathogenicity of coronaviruses; outlines their potential to survive in aquatic environments and wastewater; and demonstrates their association with aquatic biota, mainly waterfowl. It also calls for further, interdisciplinary research in the field of aquatic virology to explore the potential hotspots of coronaviruses in the aquatic environment and the routes through which they may enter it.

The concept of local explosion in freshwater ecosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
I. V. Gryb
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Average Temperature

The concept of an explosion in freshwater ecosystems as a result of the release of accumulated energy, accompanied by the destruction of the steady climax successions of hydrocenoses is presented. The typification of local explosions as well as methods for assessing their risk during the development of river basins are shown. The change in atmospheric circulation, impaired phases of the hydrological regime of rivers, increasing the average temperature of the planet, including in Polesie to 0,6 ºC, deforestation leads to concentration and release of huge amounts of unmanaged terrestrial energy, which manifests itself in the form of disasters and emergencies. Hydroecological explosion is formed as a result of multifactorial external influence (natural and anthropogenic) on the water body in a certain period of time. Moreover, its level at wastewater discharge depends on the mass of recycled impurities and behaved processing capacity of the reservoir, and the mass of dumped on biocides and the possibility of the water flow to their dilution and to the utilization of non-toxic concentrations. In all these cases the preservation of "centers of life" in the tributaries of the first order – local fish reproduction areas contributed to ecosystem recovery, and the entire ecosystem has evolved from equilibrium to non-equilibrium with further restructuring after the explosion and environmental transition to a new trophic level. It means that hydroecological explosion can be researched as the logical course of development of living matter in abiotic environmental conditions, ending abruptly with the formation of new species composition cenoses and new bio-productivity. The buffer capacity of the water environment is reduced due to re-development and anthropic transformation of geobiocenoses of river basins, which leads to a weakening of life resistance. This applies particularly to the southern industrial regions of Ukraine, located in the arid zone that is even more relevant in the context of increased average temperature due to the greenhouse effect, as well as to Polesie (Western, Central and Chernihiv), had been exposed to large-scale drainage of 60-80th years, which contributed to the degradation of peatlands and fitostroma. Imposing the western trace of emissions from the Chernobyl accident to these areas had created the conditions of prolonged hydroecological explosion in an intense process of aging water bodies, especially lakes, change in species composition of fish fauna and the occurrence of neoplasms at the organismal level. Under these conditions, for the existence of man and the environment the vitaukta should be strengthened, i.e. buffer resistance and capacitance the aquatic environment, bioefficiency on the one hand and balanced using the energy deposited - on the other. This will restore the functioning of ecosystems "channel-floodplain", "riverbed-lake", reducing the energy load on the aquatic environment. Hydroecological explosions of natural origin can not be considered a pathology – it is a jump process of natural selection of species of biota. Another thing, if they are of anthropogenic origin and if the magnitude of such an impact is on the power of geological factors. Hydroecological explosions can be regarded as a manifestation of environmental wars that consciously or unconsciously, human society is waging against themselves and their kind in the river basins, so prevention of entropy increase in the aquatic environment and the prevention of hydroecological explosions is a matter of human survival. While the man - is not the final link in the development of living matter, it can develop without him, as matter is eternal, and the forms of its existence are different.

scholarly journals Resilience and Adaptation: Yukon River Watershed Contaminant Risk Indicators

Scientifica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lawrence Duffy ◽  
La’Ona De Wilde ◽  
Katie Spellman ◽  
Kriya Dunlap ◽  
Bonita Dainowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
History Of

River watersheds are among the most complex terrestrial features in Alaska, performing valuable ecosystem functions and providing services for human society. Rivers are vital to both estuarine and aquatic biota and play important roles in biogeochemical cycles and physical processes. The functions of watersheds have been used as vulnerability indicators for ecosystem and socioeconomic resilience. Despite a long history of human activity, the Yukon River has not received the holistic and interdisciplinary attention given to the other great American river systems. By using hypothesis-based monitoring of key watershed functions, we can gain insight to regime-shifting stresses such as fire, toxins, and invasive species development. Coupling adaptive risk management practices involving stakeholders with place-based education, especially contaminants and nutrition related, can maintain resilience within communities. The Yukon watershed provides a broadscale opportunity for communities to monitor the environment, manage resources, and contribute to stewardship policy formation. Monitoring keystone species and community activities, such as citizen science, are critical first steps to following changes to resiliency throughout the Yukon watershed. Creating a policy environment that encourages local experimentation and innovation contributes to resilience maintenance during development-imposed stress.

Redox chemistry of CeO2 nanoparticles in aquatic systems containing Cr(vi)(aq) and Fe2+ ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2269-2280
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Ray ◽  
Xuanhao Wu ◽  
Chelsea W. Neil ◽  
Haesung Jung ◽  
Zhichao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Redox Chemistry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Ceo2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Redox Active

CeO2 nanoparticles are extensively used in industrial applications owing to their high redox-catalytic activities and, as a result, may appear in aquatic environments where they undergo significant surface chemistry transformation with other redox-active species.

scholarly journals The challenge of restoring tropical freshwater ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Luiz Bozelli
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Abstract We are living a growing worldwide process of degrading the bases of sustaining life. In Brazil, this threat is intensified by the growing fragility of environmental protection structures. Ecological restoration is an alternative to face the degradation of aquatic environments. It has been employed on a larger scale in the developed regions of the planet, but with little convincing results. In Brazil, the experiences are few and specific, limited mainly by complexity and costs. It is necessary to think in a more agile way and act within the possibilities. The restoration with its classic strategies should give way to an “urgent restoration”. This approach considers that we have the basic ecological information and professionals able to act in the resumption of control of the ecological processes that have been altered. Restoration in the condition of urgency implies beginning to think of protection, as a first step, turning attention to the management of the watershed. The way to regain control of the process where it was lost is the integrated management that involves the rational use and protection of the ecosystem. Brazil’s commitment to the Paris climate agreement to restore 12 million hectares of forests and the restoration liabilities on private properties because of the recent Native Vegetation Protection Law are excellent opportunities to act in the integrated management of the river basin and to promote the protection of freshwaters by the restoration of native forests. The restoration of tropical freshwaters and especially the Brazilian ones is something urgent. However, possible solutions must be thought of and can only be constructed when one get involved most people related to the issue. The idea to be nurtured is that restoration involves thinking about the watershed because the threats are beyond the aquatic environment itself, the restoration then also needs to go beyond the aquatic environment itself.

scholarly journals Effects of Antibiotics on Impacted Aquatic Environment Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Caroline Alexandre de Araújo ◽  
Sivoneide Maria da Silva ◽  
Rafael Artur de Queiroz Cavalcanti de Sá ◽  
Ana Vitoria Araujo Lima ◽  
Amanda Virginia Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Hospital Effluents

Due to their mass production and intense consumption in human medicine, veterinary, and aquaculture, antibiotics have been widely detected in different ecosystems, leading to a growing worldwide concern. These and their byproducts are being continuously discarded in natural ecosystems via excretion of human and animal urine and feces, also domestic and hospital effluents. Residues of these drugs can persist in natural environments through bioaccumulation due to their difficult biodegradation. Also, they have a gradual deposition in sediments, aquatic surfaces, and groundwater. Studies have shown the presence of these drugs in aquatic environments, which can trigger severe changes in the composition and structure of the bacterial community, such as the ability to develop and propagate genes resistant to these pollutants. In this context, this review aims to address the effects of the antibiotics on microorganisms present in impacted aquatic environments.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Developments in Autotuning Methods for Fractional-Order Controllers

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Cristina I. Muresan ◽  
Isabela Birs ◽  
Clara Ionescu ◽  
Eva H. Dulf ◽  
Robin De De Keyser
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Tuning Methods ◽  
Fractional Order Pid

The scientific community has recently seen a fast-growing number of publications tackling the topic of fractional-order controllers in general, with a focus on the fractional order PID. Several versions of this controller have been proposed, including different tuning methods and implementation possibilities. Quite a few recent papers discuss the practical use of such controllers. However, the industrial acceptance of these controllers is still far from being reached. Autotuning methods for such fractional order PIDs could possibly make them more appealing to industrial applications, as well. In this paper, the current autotuning methods for fractional order PIDs are reviewed. The focus is on the most recent findings. A comparison between several autotuning approaches is considered for various types of processes. Numerical examples are given to highlight the practicality of the methods that could be extended to simple industrial processes.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Investigation on the In-Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Cave Actinomycetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asifa Mushtaq ◽  
Musharaf Gul ◽  
Seema Rawat ◽  
Jay Krishan Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Streptomyces Genus

Actinomycetes are prolific producers of secondary metabolites majority of which have phenomenal industrial applications. Actinomycetes recovered from cave habitats have generated a considerable interest among the scientific community with respect to their adaptability under such unique environmental conditions. Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand abodes several pristine caves which have not been previously explored for the presence of actinomycetes. The present study has been undertaken to assess the in vitro antibacterial properties of actinomycetes recovered from some of the caves located in Garhwal Himalayan region. In the present study, a total of 127 actinomycetes were isolated from three distinct caves. Majority of the isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. Actinomycetes isolates RCM1 and SCMM1 were observed to evince promising antibacterial activities. Members of Streptomyces genus were found to be predominant in all the samples.

scholarly journals EngineeringKluyveromyces marxianusas a Robust Synthetic Biology Platform Host

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cernak ◽  
Raissa Estrela ◽  
Snigdha Poddar ◽  
Jeffrey M. Skerker ◽  
Ya-Fang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Renewable Chemicals

ABSTRACTThroughout history, the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaehas played a central role in human society due to its use in food production and more recently as a major industrial and model microorganism, because of the many genetic and genomic tools available to probe its biology. However,S. cerevisiaehas proven difficult to engineer to expand the carbon sources it can utilize, the products it can make, and the harsh conditions it can tolerate in industrial applications. Other yeasts that could solve many of these problems remain difficult to manipulate genetically. Here, we engineered the thermotolerant yeastKluyveromyces marxianusto create a new synthetic biology platform. Using CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats with Cas9)-mediated genome editing, we show that wild isolates ofK. marxianuscan be made heterothallic for sexual crossing. By breeding two of these mating-type engineeredK. marxianusstrains, we combined three complex traits—thermotolerance, lipid production, and facile transformation with exogenous DNA—into a single host. The ability to crossK. marxianusstrains with relative ease, together with CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, should enable engineering ofK. marxianusisolates with promising lipid production at temperatures far exceeding those of other fungi under development for industrial applications. These results establishK. marxianusas a synthetic biology platform comparable toS. cerevisiae, with naturally more robust traits that hold potential for the industrial production of renewable chemicals.IMPORTANCEThe yeastKluyveromyces marxianusgrows at high temperatures and on a wide range of carbon sources, making it a promising host for industrial biotechnology to produce renewable chemicals from plant biomass feedstocks. However, major genetic engineering limitations have kept this yeast from replacing the commonly used yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaein industrial applications. Here, we describe genetic tools for genome editing and breedingK. marxianusstrains, which we use to create a new thermotolerant strain with promising fatty acid production. These results open the door to usingK. marxianusas a versatile synthetic biology platform organism for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential Applications of Underexplored Prokaryotes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Mau Goh ◽  
Saleha Shahar ◽  
Kok-Gan Chan ◽  
Chun Shiong Chong ◽  
Syazwani Itri Amran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Methodological Bias ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Way

Thousands of prokaryotic genera have been published, but methodological bias in the study of prokaryotes is noted. Prokaryotes that are relatively easy to isolate have been well-studied from multiple aspects. Massive quantities of experimental findings and knowledge generated from the well-known prokaryotic strains are inundating scientific publications. However, researchers may neglect or pay little attention to the uncommon prokaryotes and hard-to-cultivate microorganisms. In this review, we provide a systematic update on the discovery of underexplored culturable and unculturable prokaryotes and discuss the insights accumulated from various research efforts. Examining these neglected prokaryotes may elucidate their novelties and functions and pave the way for their industrial applications. In addition, we hope that this review will prompt the scientific community to reconsider these untapped pragmatic resources.

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