scholarly journals Changes in Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Metabolomic Profiles in the Guts of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Larvae Infected with Ascosphaera apis

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
Mengshang Hou ◽  
Yuanmei Qiu ◽  
Bian Zhao ◽  
Hongyi Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ascosphaera Apis ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae

The fungus Ascosphaera apis, an obligate fungal pathogen of honey bee brood, causes chalkbrood disease in honey bee larvae worldwide. Biological characteristics of the fungal pathogen and the molecular interactions between A. apis and honey bees have been studied extensively. However, little is known about the effects of A. apis infection on antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolic profiles of the gut of honey bee larvae. In this study, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and LC-MS based untargeted metabolomic analysis were employed to determine the changes in the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes and the metabolomic profiles in gut tissues of A. apis-infected larvae (105 A. apis spores per larva) and controls. Results showed that specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase were significantly higher in the guts of the control larvae than in the guts of the A. apis-infected larvae. The metabolomic data revealed that levels of 28 and 52 metabolites were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the guts of A. apis-infected larvae than in the guts of control larvae. The 5-oxo-ETE level in the infected larvae was two times higher than that in the control larvae. Elevated 5-oxo-ETE levels may act as a potential metabolic biomarker for chalkbrood disease diagnosis, suggesting that A. apis infection induced obvious oxidative stress in the honey bee larvae. The levels of metabolites such as taurine, docosahexaenoic acid, and L-carnitine involved in combating oxidative stress were significantly decreased in the gut of A. apis-infected larvae. Overall, our results suggest that A. apis infection may compromise the ability of infected larvae to cope with oxidative stress, providing new insight into changing patterns of physiological responses to A. apis infection in honey bee larvae by concurrent use of conventional biochemical assays and untargeted metabolomics.

scholarly journals Physiochemical Studies of Sodium Chloride on Mungbean (Vigna radiataL. Wilczek) and Its Possible Recovery with Spermine and Gibberellic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijita Ghosh ◽  
Sanglap Mitra ◽  
Atreyee Paul
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Low Concentrations

The physiological and biochemical responses to increasing NaCl concentrations, along with low concentrations of gibberellic acid or spermine, either alone or in their combination, were studied in mungbean seedlings. In the test seedlings, the root-shoot elongation, biomass production, and the chlorophyll content were significantly decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. Salt toxicity severely affected activities of different antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) increased significantly over water control. Similarly, oxidative stress markers such as proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents also increased as a result of progressive increase in salt stress. Combined application of NaCl along with low concentrations of either gibberellic acid (5 µM) or spermine (50 µM) in the test seedlings showed significant alterations, that is, drastic increase in seedling elongation, increased biomass production, increased chlorophyll content, and significant lowering in all the antioxidant enzyme activities as well as oxidative stress marker contents in comparison to salt treated test seedlings, leading to better growth and metabolism. Our study shows that low concentrations of either gibberellic acid or spermine will be able to overcome the toxic effects of NaCl stress in mungbean seedlings.

Queuine promotes antioxidant defence system by activating cellular antioxidant enzyme activities in cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandramani Pathak ◽  
Yogesh K. Jaiswal ◽  
Manjula Vinayak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Constant generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) during normal cellular metabolism of an organism is generally balanced by a similar rate of consumption by antioxidants. Imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defence results in an increased level of ROS, causing oxidative stress, which leads to promotion of malignancy. Queuine is a hyper-modified base analogue of guanine, found at the first anticodon position of the Q-family of tRNAs. These tRNAs are completely modified with respect to queuosine in terminally differentiated somatic cells; however, hypo-modification of Q-tRNAs is closely associated with cell proliferation. Q-tRNA modification is essential for normal development, differentiation and cellular function. Queuine is a nutrient factor for eukaryotes. It is found to promote the cellular antioxidant defence system and inhibit tumorigenesis. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase are found to be low in the DLAT (Dalton's lymphoma ascites transplanted) mouse liver compared with normal mouse liver. However, exogenous administration of queuine to the DLAT cancerous mouse improves the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that queuine promotes the antioxidant defence system by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and in turn inhibits oxidative stress and tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Gastroprotective and Antioxidative Effects of the Traditional Thai Polyherbal Formula Phy-Blica-D against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Sineenart Sanpinit ◽  
Piriya Chonsut ◽  
Chuchard Punsawad ◽  
Palika Wetchakul
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ulcer Area ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Antioxidative Effects

Phy-Blica-D is a traditional Thai polyherbal formula that has reduced oxidative stress in non-communicable diseases. However, evidence supporting the gastroprotective effects of Phy-Blica-D has not been previously reported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of Phy-Blica-D against gastric ulcers in rats and investigate the potential underlying mechanism. To estimate the possible mechanisms of action, we examined the levels of oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). According to our results, rats treated with only 80% ethanol (vehicle group) exhibited significant increases in their ulcer area and ulcer index (UI). Moreover, the levels of ROS and MDA markedly increased in the vehicle group compared with the normal control group. Daily oral administration of Phy-Blica-D (500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 7 days not only significantly decreased the ulcer area and UI, but also remarkably decreased the ROS and MDA levels in gastric tissue. Gastric ulcers induced by ethanol had significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant (GSH), whereas pretreatment with Phy-Blica-D significantly improved the activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH. Moreover, after exposure to ethanol, the rats exhibited a significantly increased level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was reduced after treatment with Phy-Blica-D. These findings suggest that Phy-Blica-D potentially exerts its gastroprotective effects by suppressing oxidative stress and stimulating antioxidant enzymes, which is one of the causes of destruction of cell membranes, and it is involved in the pathogenesis of acute gastric ulcers induced by ethanol.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs) from Porphyra yezoensis in a Mouse Model of UV Irradiation-Induced Photoaging

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Rui Ying ◽  
Zhaohui Zhang ◽  
Huiying Zhu ◽  
Bafang Li ◽  
Hu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Porphyra Yezoensis ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

The objective of this research was to extract and prepare mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and investigate the mechanism by which they act against UV-induced skin photoaging in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR ) mice. MAAs such as porphyra-334 and shinorine were extracted from Porphyra yezoensis, separated, and purified using column chromatography with SA-2 cation exchange resin. The effects of MAAs on the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, namely total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed in mouse skin tissue. Pathological changes of skin tissue caused by ultraviolet radiation and the arrangement of collagen were observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10 were detected using the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The concentration and expression of these proinflammatory cytokines was associated with the presence of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. The results show that MAA compounds from Porphyra yezoensis could suppress UV-induced photoaging of skin by inhibiting the reduction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Compared to the control group, the concentrations of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT increased significantly in skin tissue homogenate following the external administration of MAAs (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), while the content of MDA decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the administration of MAAs was associated with down-regulations in the concentration and mRNA expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. The results suggest that MAAs could protect skin from photodamage by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibiting inflammation.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES STATUS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH NEPHROPATHY IN SAUDI POPULATION.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramprasad Nagarajrao ◽  
Samir Abdulkarim Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients

 Objective: Oxidative stress has crucial role in pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes and is widely recognized as the most common cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) seen in clinical practice. Chemically, oxidative stress occurs as a result of increased levels of lipid peroxides and free radical intermediates, as well as a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity. This study analyzed the relationships between oxidant and antioxidant markers of DN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A descriptive study was taken during the period from November 2016 to August 2017. The present study included 53 patients suffering from T2DM without nephropathy and 51 patients T2DM with nephropathy along with 69 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Various biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured and compared.Results: The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria, and MDA levels were significantly increased (p<0.001), and antioxidant enzyme activities such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CTL) were significantly decreased (p<0.001) in T2DM with nephropathy patients followed by T2DM without nephropathy and control groups. There were a good negative correlations of HbA1c and GPx (r=−0.79), SOD (r=−0.61) and CTL (r=−0.74) (p≤0.05), whereas there was an excellent positive correlation of MDA concentration (r=0.85, p≤0.05) with HbA1c levels in diabetes with nephropathy.Conclusion: The study illustrated that, in diabetic patients, there is an increased concentration of lipid peroxides which may contribute to decreased levels of cellular antioxidant enzymes, further leading to T2DM with nephropathy. Hence, monitoring of these antioxidant enzymes and microalbuminuria parameters in the early stage of diabetic patients could be vital importance in possible preventing further development of complications. We suggest potential and new multiproperty antioxidants therapy as one of the most important treatment strategies for diabetic patients without nephropathy for the prevention and slowing of diabetic with nephropathy before reaching to ESRD.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to water deficit stress: status of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koushik Chakraborty ◽  
Amrit L. Singh ◽  
Kuldeep A. Kalariya ◽  
Nisha Goswami ◽  
Pratap V. Zala
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Pod Development

AbstractFrom a field experiment, the changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities were studied in six Spanish peanut cultivars subjected to 25−30 days of water deficit stress at two different stages: pegging and pod development stages. Imposition of water deficit stress significantly reduced relative water content, membrane stability and total carotenoid content in all the cultivars, whereas total chlorophyll content increased at pegging stage but decreased at pod developmental stage. Chlorophyll a/b ratio increased under water deficit stress in most of the cultivars suggesting a greater damage to chlorophyll b rather than an increase in chlorophyll a content. Oxidative stress measured in terms of H2O2, superoxide radical content and lipid peroxidation increased under water deficit stress, especially in susceptible cultivars such as DRG 1, AK 159 and ICGV 86031. Relationship among different physiological parameters showed that the level of oxidative stress, in terms of production of reactive oxygen species, was negatively correlated with activities of different antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In conclusion, the study shows that water deficit stress at pod development stage proved to be more detrimental than at pegging stage. The higher activities of antioxidant enzymes in the tolerant cultivars like ICGS 44 and TAG 24 were responsible for protection of oxidative damage and thus provide better tolerance to water deficit stress.

scholarly journals Co-incubation of dsRNA reduces proportion of viable spores of Ascosphaera apis, a honey bee fungal pathogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-799
Author(s):  
James P. Tauber ◽  
Ralf Einspanier ◽  
Jay D. Evans ◽  
Dino P. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Ascosphaera Apis

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES STATUS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH NEPHROPATHY IN SAUDI POPULATION.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Ramprasad Nagarajrao ◽  
Samir Abdulkarim Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients

 Objective: Oxidative stress has crucial role in pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes and is widely recognized as the most common cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) seen in clinical practice. Chemically, oxidative stress occurs as a result of increased levels of lipid peroxides and free radical intermediates, as well as a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity. This study analyzed the relationships between oxidant and antioxidant markers of DN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A descriptive study was taken during the period from November 2016 to August 2017. The present study included 53 patients suffering from T2DM without nephropathy and 51 patients T2DM with nephropathy along with 69 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Various biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured and compared.Results: The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria, and MDA levels were significantly increased (p<0.001), and antioxidant enzyme activities such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CTL) were significantly decreased (p<0.001) in T2DM with nephropathy patients followed by T2DM without nephropathy and control groups. There were a good negative correlations of HbA1c and GPx (r=−0.79), SOD (r=−0.61) and CTL (r=−0.74) (p≤0.05), whereas there was an excellent positive correlation of MDA concentration (r=0.85, p≤0.05) with HbA1c levels in diabetes with nephropathy.Conclusion: The study illustrated that, in diabetic patients, there is an increased concentration of lipid peroxides which may contribute to decreased levels of cellular antioxidant enzymes, further leading to T2DM with nephropathy. Hence, monitoring of these antioxidant enzymes and microalbuminuria parameters in the early stage of diabetic patients could be vital importance in possible preventing further development of complications. We suggest potential and new multiproperty antioxidants therapy as one of the most important treatment strategies for diabetic patients without nephropathy for the prevention and slowing of diabetic with nephropathy before reaching to ESRD.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of the honey bee fungal pathogen, Ascosphaera apis: implications for host pathogenesis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Cornman ◽  
Anna K Bennett ◽  
K Murray ◽  
Jay D Evans ◽  
Christine G Elsik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Ascosphaera Apis
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