scholarly journals The Geometry and Mechanics of Insect Wing Deformations in Flight: A Modelling Approach

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Robin Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Deformation Process ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Torsional Component ◽  
Wing Deformation ◽  
Shaped Section ◽  
Modelling Approach

The nature, occurrence, morphological basis and functions of insect wing deformation in flight are reviewed. The importance of relief in supporting the wing is stressed, and three types are recognized, namely corrugation, an M-shaped section and camber, all of which need to be overcome if wings are to bend usefully in the morphological upstroke. How this is achieved, and how bending, torsion and change in profile are mechanically interrelated, are explored by means of simple physical models which reflect situations that are visible in high speed photographs and films. The shapes of lines of transverse flexion are shown to reflect the timing and roles of bending, and their orientation is shown to determine the extent of the torsional component of the deformation process. Some configurations prove to allow two stable conditions, others to be monostable. The possibility of active remote control of wing rigidity by the thoracic musculature is considered, but the extent of this remains uncertain.

scholarly journals Insect wing deformation measurements using high speed digital holographic interferometry

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 5661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Aguayo ◽  
Fernando Mendoza Santoyo ◽  
Manuel H. De la Torre-I ◽  
Manuel D. Salas-Araiza ◽  
Cristian Caloca-Mendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Holographic Interferometry ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Wing Deformation ◽  
Deformation Measurements

Research on driving system with wireless remote control in high speed rice transplanter

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-sheng XIE ◽  
Pin JIANG ◽  
Wen-wu HU ◽  
Ya-hui LUO ◽  
Yan-li TONG
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Driving System

scholarly journals Wearable Vibration Sensor for Measuring the Wing Flapping of Insects

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Ryota Yanagisawa ◽  
Shunsuke Shigaki ◽  
Kotaro Yasui ◽  
Dai Owaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vibration Sensor ◽  
Wingbeat Frequency ◽  
Film Sensor ◽  
Insect Wing

In this study, we fabricated a novel wearable vibration sensor for insects and measured their wing flapping. An analysis of insect wing deformation in relation to changes in the environment plays an important role in understanding the underlying mechanism enabling insects to dynamically interact with their surrounding environment. It is common to use a high-speed camera to measure the wing flapping; however, it is difficult to analyze the feedback mechanism caused by the environmental changes caused by the flapping because this method applies an indirect measurement. Therefore, we propose the fabrication of a novel film sensor that is capable of measuring the changes in the wingbeat frequency of an insect. This novel sensor is composed of flat silver particles admixed with a silicone polymer, which changes the value of the resistor when a bending deformation occurs. As a result of attaching this sensor to the wings of a moth and a dragonfly and measuring the flapping of the wings, we were able to measure the frequency of the flapping with high accuracy. In addition, as a result of simultaneously measuring the relationship between the behavior of a moth during its search for an odor source and its wing flapping, it became clear that the frequency of the flapping changed depending on the frequency of the odor reception. From this result, a wearable film sensor for an insect that can measure the displacement of the body during a particular behavior was fabricated.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Remaining Useful Life Prediction Method for Cutting Tool Considering the Wear State

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Li ◽  
Yongyong Xiang ◽  
Baisong Pan ◽  
Luojie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Wear Model ◽  
Useful Life

Abstract Accurate cutting tool remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is of significance to guarantee the cutting quality and minimize the production cost. Recently, physics-based and data-driven methods have been widely used in the tool RUL prediction. The physics-based approaches may not accurately describe the time-varying wear process due to a lack of knowledge for underlying physics and simplifications involved in physical models, while the data-driven methods may be easily affected by the quantity and quality of data. To overcome the drawbacks of these two approaches, a hybrid prognostics framework considering tool wear state is developed to achieve an accurate prediction. Firstly, the mapping relationship between the sensor signal and tool wear is established by support vector regression (SVR). Then, the tool wear statuses are recognized by support vector machine (SVM) and the results are put into a Bayesian framework as prior information. Thirdly, based on the constructed Bayesian framework, parameters of the tool wear model are updated iteratively by the sliding time window and particle filter algorithm. Finally, the tool wear state space and RUL can be predicted accordingly using the updating tool wear model. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by a high-speed machine tool experiment. The results show that the presented approach can effectively reduce the uncertainty of tool wear state estimation and improve the accuracy of RUL prediction.

Rotordynamic Performance of a Shaft With Large Overhung Mass Supported by Foil Bearings

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen LaTray ◽  
Daejong Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Foil Bearings ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Foil Bearing ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Bending Mode ◽  
Mode Vibration ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Compact Design ◽  
Bearing System

This work presents the theoretical and experimental rotordynamic evaluations of a rotor–air foil bearing (AFB) system supporting a large overhung mass for high-speed application. The proposed system highlights the compact design of a single shaft rotor configuration with turbomachine components arranged on one side of the bearing span. In this work, low-speed tests up to 45 krpm are performed to measure lift-off speed and to check bearing manufacturing quality. Rotordynamic performance at high speeds is evaluated both analytically and experimentally. In the analytical approach, simulated imbalance responses are studied using both rigid and flexible shaft models with bearing forces calculated from the transient Reynolds equation along with the rotor motion. The simulation predicts that the system experiences small synchronous rigid mode vibration at 20 krpm and bending mode at 200 krpm. A high-speed test rig is designed to experimentally evaluate the rotor–air foil bearing system. The high-speed tests are operated up to 160 krpm. The vibration spectrum indicates that the rotor–air foil bearing system operates under stable conditions. The experimental waterfall plots also show very small subsynchronous vibrations with frequency locked to the system natural frequency. Overall, this work demonstrates potential capability of the air foil bearings in supporting a shaft with a large overhung mass at high speed.

Remote control of a high-speed pellet injector and data synchronization & sharing tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 1355-1359
Author(s):  
F. Iannone ◽  
A. Frattolillo ◽  
F. Bombarda ◽  
G. D’Elia ◽  
S. Migliori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Synchronization

Numerical Investigations of Centrifugal Compressor Flows With Tip Leakage Using a Pressure Correction Method

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tourlidakis ◽  
R. L. Elder
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Wake Flow ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Pressure Correction

In this paper, a three-dimensional computational model for the solution of the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, based on a pressure correction method and the k-ε turbulence model, is presented and implemented for the viscous flow modelling through a series of centrifugal compressors. Theoretical calculations with the current fully elliptic method are carried out and the results are compared critically with available experimental data and with results from other computational models. A radial and two backswept high-speed subsonic compressors with different geometrical and operating characteristics are analysed at design and off-design conditions. In all cases, a wake flow pattern is evident and strong secondary flows are discerned. The tip clearance effects on the relative flow pattern are found to be important and are appropriately simulated. The predictive capability of the current flow model is judged to be encouraging taking into consideration the limitations of the physical models and the numerical schemes involved in the computations.

Use of a liquid shock tube as a device for the study of material deformation under impulsive loading conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
B W Skews ◽  
O E Kosing ◽  
R J Hattingh
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Deformation Process ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Impulsive Loading ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Material Deformation ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Versatile Tool

The deformation of metal plates and tubes achievable through the use of liquid shock waves generated in a shock tube is studied, with reference to both free-forming and forming the metal into dies, as well as to imprinting detailed features. The process is highly controllable, in terms of the magnitude and duration of the applied pressure pulse. A projectile is fired into a liquid column producing a high-pressure liquid shock wave which impinges on the testpiece. Different projectile materials, driving pressures and impact velocities are used to alter the energy and impulse transmitted. A particular attraction of its use in a laboratory is the application of high-speed photography to the deformation process. Illustration of the application of the facility to slamming studies and to fracture of brittle materials is included. It is concluded that the techniques employed offer a useful and versatile tool for many studies of material deformation.

Influence of the Lateral Ventricles and Irregular Skull Base on Brain Kinematics due to Sagittal Plane Head Rotation

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ivarsson ◽  
D. C. Viano ◽  
P. Lo¨vsund
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Lateral Ventricles

Two-dimensional physical models of the human head were used to investigate how the lateral ventricles and irregular skull base influence kinematics in the medial brain during sagittal angular head dynamics. Silicone gel simulated the brain and was separated from the surrounding skull vessel by paraffin that provided a slip interface between the gel and vessel. A humanlike skull base model (HSB) included a surrogate skull base mimicking the irregular geometry of the human. An HSBV model added an elliptical inclusion filled with liquid paraffin simulating the lateral ventricles to the HSB model. A simplified skull base model (SSBV) included ventricle substitute but approximated the anterior and middle cranial fossae by a flat and slightly angled surface. The models were exposed to 7600 rad/s2 peak angular acceleration with 6 ms pulse duration and 5 deg forced rotation. After 90 deg free rotation, the models were decelerated during 30 ms. Rigid body displacement, shear strain and principal strains were determined from high-speed video recorded trajectories of grid markers in the surrogate brains. Peak values of inferior brain surface displacement and strains were up to 10.9X (times) and 3.3X higher in SSBV than in HSBV. Peak strain was up to 2.7X higher in HSB than in HSBV. The results indicate that the irregular skull base protects nerves and vessels passing through the cranial floor by reducing brain displacement and that the intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid relieves strain in regions inferior and superior to the ventricles. The ventricles and irregular skull base are necessary in modeling head impact and understanding brain injury mechanisms.

THE PARALLEL CRANK-ROCKER FLAPPING MECHANISM: AN INSECT-INSPIRED DESIGN FOR MICRO AIR VEHICLES

2007 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 625-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW T. CONN ◽  
STUART C. BURGESS ◽  
SENG LING CHUNG
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Unsteady Aerodynamics ◽  
Micro Air Vehicles ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Wing Kinematics ◽  
System A ◽  
Flying Robot ◽  
Flapping Mechanism

This paper presents a novel micro air vehicle (MAV) design that seeks to reproduce the unsteady aerodynamics of insects in their natural flight. The challenge of developing an MAV capable of hovering and maneuvering through indoor environments has led to bio-inspired flapping propulsion being considered instead of conventional fixed or rotary winged flight. Insects greatly outperform these conventional flight platforms by exploiting several unsteady aerodynamic phenomena. Therefore, reproducing insect aerodynamics by mimicking their complex wing kinematics with a miniature flying robot has significant benefits in terms of flight performance. However, insect wing kinematics are extremely complex and replicating them requires optimal design of the actuation and flapping mechanism system. A novel flapping mechanism based on parallel crank-rockers has been designed that accurately reproduces the wing kinematics employed by insects and also offers control for flight maneuvers. The mechanism has been developed into an experimental prototype with MAV scale wings (75 mm long). High-speed camera footage of the non-airborne prototype showed that its wing kinematics closely matched desired values, but that the wing beat frequency of 5.6 Hz was below the predicted value of 15 Hz. Aerodynamic testing of the prototype in hovering conditions was completed using a load cell and the mean lift force at the maximum power output was measured to be 23.8 mN.

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