scholarly journals Sub-Lethal Effects of Partially Purified Protein Extracted from Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) and Its Presumptive Role in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Defense against Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Azhar Uddin Keerio ◽  
Talha Nazir ◽  
Tauqir Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed ◽  
Yusuf Ali Abdulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Fungal Protein ◽  
Fecundity Rate ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Putative Role

Plants rely on various physiological and molecular defense mechanisms against biotic stresses such as herbivore insects. Many entomopathogenic fungi synthesize protein molecules that can trigger these plant defenses. This laboratory study characterized the bioactivity of a partially purified protein derived from Beauveria bassiana (ARSEF 2860) against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), which is an economically important pest of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Different concentrations (i.e., 0.021, 0.042 and 0.063 μM) of fungal protein were bioassayed to determine their sub-lethal effect on the survival percentage and fecundity rate of B. tabaci on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. In addition, the putative role of this partially purified B. bassiana protein in the defense mechanisms of plant was assessed through the expression analyses of important genes related to salicylic acid (SA)—and jasmonic acid (JA)—associated pathways using RT-qPCR. Results revealed a significant suppression of the survival percentage and fecundity rate of B. tabaci by the fungal protein. Lowest survival (41%) was recorded for the highest concentration of protein (0.063 μM), whereas mean survival for the other two protein concentrations (0.042 and 0.021 μM) were 62 and 71%, respectively. Likewise, the highest and lowest mean fecundity rates were observed for the control and the highest protein concentration (i.e., 3.3 and 1.8 eggs day−1 female−1, respectively). Furthermore, the exogenous application of B. bassiana-derived protein on tomato plants strongly up-regulated the SA-related genes (PAL, PR1, BGL2 and EDS1) and slightly up-regulated the JA-related genes (AOC, AOS, OPR3 and LOX) as compared to the control plants. These findings demonstrate the putative role of this partially purified B. bassiana protein fraction in inducing systemic resistance in the tomato plants against B. tabaci, suggesting its further purification and characterization to be used as novel biological pest control tool against B. tabaci and other sap-sucking insect pests.

scholarly journals Tomato Chlorosis Virus Infection Facilitates Bemisia tabaci MED Reproduction by Elevating Vitellogenin Expression

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Liping Huang ◽  
Xiaobin Shi ◽  
Jizhe Shi ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Yong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Tomato Chlorosis Virus ◽  
Q Biotype

Transmission of plant pathogenic viruses mostly relies on insect vectors. Plant virus could enhance its transmission by modulating the vector. Previously, we showed that feeding on virus infected plants can promote the reproduction of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MED (Q biotype). In this study, using a whitefly-Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV)-tomato system, we investigated how ToCV modulates B. tabaci MED reproduction to facilitate its spread. Here, we hypothesized that ToCV-infected tomato plants would increase B. tabaci MED fecundity via elevated vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression. As a result, fecundity and the relative expression of B. tabaci MED Vg was measured on ToCV-infected and uninfected tomato plants on days 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24. The role of Vg on B. tabaci MED reproduction was examined in the presence and absence of ToCV using dietary RNAi. ToCV infection significantly increased B. tabaci MED fecundity on days 12, 16 and 20, and elevated Vg expression on days 8, 12 and 16. Both ovarian development and fecundity of B. tabaci MED were suppressed when Vg was silenced with or without ToCV infection. These combined results suggest that ToCV infection increases B. tabaci MED fecundity via elevated Vg expression.

scholarly journals Severe Yellowing Outbreaks in Tomato in Spain Associated with Infections of Tomato chlorosis virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Navas-Castillo ◽  
R. Camero ◽  
M. Bueno ◽  
E. Moriones
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
First Report ◽  
Yellowing Disease ◽  
Disease Agent ◽  
Tomato Chlorosis Virus

Since 1997, yellowing disease outbreaks have occurred in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops in southern Spain. The outbreaks were associated with high populations of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Symptoms consisted mainly of interveinal yellowing that developed initially on lower leaves and then progressed to the upper part of the plant. Affected plants were less vigorous and yielded less due to reduced fruit growth and delayed ripening. During 1998 and 1999, the yellowing disease was widespread and occurred at high incidences in the Málaga province. The disease agent was readily transmissible from tomato to tomato by B. tabaci biotype Q. Samples from symptomatic tomato plants were analyzed and shown to be infected with Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae). This is the first report of ToCV epidemics in Europe.

scholarly journals Efficacy Test of Bio-pesticides against Tobacco Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) on Tomato Plants in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sharma ◽  
P.B. Budha ◽  
S.B. Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Insect Pathogen ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tobacco Whitefly ◽  
Organic Products

The efficacy test of bio-pesticides (Lastraw, RacerTM PacerTM, MealikilTM, Nimbecidine, Servo, Biocide Manic, Bio Power, Nico Neem, Uchit, Mighty-Cure, and Bio Magic) was experimented in tomato plants to control Tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci population. The results showed that biopesticides viz. Bio Magic (92.67%), Racer (91.90%), Pacer (91.50%), Mealikil (90.84%) were highly effective following Bio Power (87.53%) and Biocide Manic (85.8%) in reducing the population of whitefly over control after third spray. All biopesticides containing insect pathogen Beauveria bassiana, Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae were found effective in reducing the pest population. But the organic products and mineral oil were comparatively less effective.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 11-17

scholarly journals Relationship of the Sweetpotato Whitefly to a New Tomato Fruit Disorder in Florida

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1618-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Schuster ◽  
T.F. Mueller ◽  
J.B. Kring ◽  
J.F. Price
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Sweetpotato Whitefly ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
White Tissue ◽  
Relationship Of

A new disorder of fruit has been observed on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Florida. The disorder, termed irregular ripening, was associated with field populations of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and is characterized by incomplete ripening of longitudinal sections of fruit. An increase in internal white tissue also was associated with whitefly populations. In field cage studies, fruit on tomato plants not infested with the sweetpotato whitefly exhibited slight or no irregular ripening, whereas fruit from infested plants did. Fruit from plants on which a whitefly infestation had been controlled before the appearance of external symptoms exhibited reduced symptoms compared to fruit from plants on which an infestation was uncontrolled.

scholarly journals The effect of a homoeopathic preparation of sweetpotato whitefly (bemisia tabaci genn.) in the control of the invasion of tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum l.) by sweetpotato whitefly

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Angela Moira Carey
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Sweetpotato Whitefly ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Financial Losses

The most common and difficult insect to control in the greenhouse is the whitefly. Sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) was the species of whitefly selected to be investigated in this trial. Sweetpotato whitefly is a major pest on a variety of plants, ranging from ornamental flowers to agricultural crops such as tomato and cotton, resulting in important financial losses. Effective control options of sweetpotato whitefly are limited.

scholarly journals Importance of Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II Composition in HDL and Its Potential for Studying COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Potent Antiviral Activity ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Putative Role

The composition and properties of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) might be critical to SARS-CoV-2 infection via SR-BI and antiviral activity against COVID-19. HDL containing native apoA-I showed potent antiviral activity, while HDL containing glycated apoA-I or other apolipoproteins did not. However, there has been no report to elucidate the putative role of apoA-II in the antiviral activity of HDL.

scholarly journals Effect of the native strain of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium against Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) under greenhouse conditions in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Besma Hamrouni Assadi ◽  
Sabrine Chouikhi ◽  
Refki Ettaib ◽  
Naima Boughalleb M’hamdi ◽  
Mohamed Sadok Belkadhi
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Native Strain ◽  
Lecanicillium Muscarium ◽  
Southern Tunisia ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis

Abstract Background The misuse of chemical insecticides has developed the phenomenon of habituation in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) causing enormous economic losses under geothermal greenhouses in southern Tunisia. Results In order to develop means of biological control appropriate to the conditions of southern Tunisia, the efficacy of the native strain of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) and two entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium was tested against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Indeed, the introduction of N. tenuis in doses of 1, 2, 3, or 4 nymphs per tobacco plant infested by the whitefly led to highly significant reduction in the population of B. tabaci, than the control devoid of predator. The efficacy of N. tenuis was very high against nymphs and adults of B. tabaci at all doses per plant with a rate of 98%. Likewise, B. bassiana and L. muscarium, compared to an untreated control, showed a very significant efficacy against larvae and adults of B. tabaci. In addition, the number of live nymphs of N. tenuis treated directly or introduced on nymphs of B. tabaci treated with the EPF remained relatively high, exceeding 24.8 nymphs per cage compared to the control (28.6). Conclusions It can be concluded that the native strain of N. tenuis and the EPF tested separately were effective against B. tabaci. Their combined use appears to be possible.

Prevention of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Mouse Colitis by a Fungal Protein Ling Zhi-8 via Promoting the Barrier Function of Intestinal Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Huan Chen ◽  
Jenn-Yeu Shin ◽  
Hsiu-Mei Wei ◽  
Chi-Chen Lin ◽  
Linda Chia-Hui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Fungal Protein ◽  
Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein

A fungal immunomodulatory protein Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8) isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (GL) regulates immune cells and inhibits tumor growth; however, the role of LZ-8 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is...

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