scholarly journals Effects of Imunit Insecticide on Biological Characteristics and Life Table Parameters of Spodoptera cilium (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1138
Author(s):  
Marzieh Hatami ◽  
Masumeh Ziaee ◽  
Ali Asghar Seraj ◽  
Mehdi Mehrabi-Koushki ◽  
Jacek Francikowski
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Offspring Generation

Imunit is a mixture of alpha-cypermethrin + teflubenzuron, and has been launched for controlling caterpillars. In this study, the effects of Imunit at LC50 and LC30 were investigated on parental and offspring generation of S. cilium, according to age-stage, two-sex life table. The experiments were conducted by leaf dipping method at 25 °C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity, under a cycle of 16 h fluorescent light and 8 h darkness. LC30 and LC50 concentrations of Imunit increased the immature developmental time of S. cilium in the offspring generation, while the LC50 of Imunit significantly reduced the developmental time of adults. The adult pre-oviposition period and total pre-oviposition period considerably increased when offspring were treated with LC50 of Imunit. In offspring of S. cilium exposed to LC50 and LC30 concentrations of Imunit, the gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproduction rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of population increase (r), and the finite rate of population increase (λ) significantly reduced compared to the control. This study showed that the application of Imunit at LC50 could suppress the S. cilium population and can be used in the integrated management program of this pest.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and humidity on the bionomics of six African egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kalyebi ◽  
W.A. Overholt ◽  
F. Schulthess ◽  
J.M. Mueke ◽  
S. Sithanantham
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

AbstractThe life table statistics of six native Kenyan species/strains ofTrichogrammaandTrichogrammatoideawere established using a factitious hostCorcyra cephalonica, Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), at eight different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32 and 35°C) and two humidity levels (40–50 and 70–80%). The objective was to select insects with superior attributes for augmentative release against lepidopteran pests in horticultural crops. Both temperature and humidity affected developmental time and life table parameters of the parasitoids but temperature played a more critical role. Developmental time was inversely related to temperature. The intrinsic and finite rates of increase increased with temperature up to 30°C. Both net reproduction rate and intrinsic rate of increase were higher at the lower humidity. Temperature inversely affected generation time of parasitoid strains regardless of the relative humidity. Two strains ofTrichogrammasp. nr.mwanzaicollected from both low and medium altitudes andTrichogrammatoideasp. nr.luteafrom the mid-altitudes, were better adapted to both low and high temperatures than the other strains, as indicated by the high intrinsic and net reproductive rates, at both humidity levels. These three strains appear to be promising candidates for augmentation biocontrol against the African bollwormHelicoverpa armigerain Kenya.

scholarly journals Ceviz yaprakbitleri (Chromaphis juglandicola (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Callaphididae) ve Panaphis juglandis (Goeze) (Hemiptera:Callaphididae)) ile Beslenen Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)’nın Popülasyon Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1656-1661
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yılmaz ◽  
Evin Polat Akköprü
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Lake Van Basin

Small walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.) (Hem.: Aphididae) and Dusky-veined walnut aphid (Panaphis juglandis) (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Callaphididae) are important pests in walnut orchards in Lake Van Basin, Turkey. Aphids, which are colonized separately in the upper and lower parts of the walnut leaf, cause loss of quality and quantity in the walnut when their population is dense. In this study, population growth rate parameters based on feeding with both aphids of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), which is one of the important predators of the pest, were determined. The experiments were carried out in climatic rooms under 25±10°C, 65±5% humidity and 16: 8 (L: D) h (5,000 lux) lighting time conditions. Life table parameters were estimated according to age-stage, two-sex life table method. The values obtained for the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time (T) were 0.082 d-1, 1.082 d-1, 59.47 offspring and 49.76 d, respectively of C. carnea fed on Chromaphis juglandicola and Panaphis juglandis. Results obtained might be used in pest management program that will be prepared for the aphids.

scholarly journals Bisexual and oedipal reproduction of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari, Macrochelidae) feeding on Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae) eggs

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-441
Author(s):  
Sara Farahi ◽  
Parviz Shishehbor ◽  
Alireza Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Life Table Method ◽  
Table Method ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) is a predatory mesostigmatic mite that inhabits different manure microhabitats and preys mostly on housefly (Musca domestica L.) eggs. When a virgin female colonizes a new manure substrate, it produces male offspring through parthenogenesis (arrhenotoky); when her sons reach maturity, oedipal mating takes place and the female begins to produce bisexual offspring. In order to examine the consequence of oedipal reproduction on population development, we designed two separate experiments to compare life history traits and life table parameters of oedipal versus bisexual cohorts of M. muscaedomesticae, using the age-stage, two sex life table method. Experiments were conducted at 28 +/- 1 °C, using a photoperiod of 14:10 (L: D) h, and 65 +/- 5% relative humidity, with housefly eggs used to feed mites. Mean adult female longevity was 38.63 days, and fecundity 128.51 offspring under bisexual reproduction, and 37.48 days and 68.23 offspring under oedipal reproduction. In the bisexual cohort, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), the finite rate of increase (λ), the net reproduction rate (R0), the gross reproductive rate (GRR) and the mean generation time (T) of M. muscaedomesticae were 0.2938 d-1, 1.3415 d-1, 54.216 offspring/individual, 77.7 offspring/individual and 13.5885 days, respectively. Because only male eggs were produced during the first 5.62 days (on average) of the oviposition period in the oedipal cohort, it was theoretically incorrect to compute the population parameters using the survival and fecundity values for this group, even though bisexual reproduction did occur after this period. Our findings determined that the effect of oedipal reproduction could be correctly defined and analyzed by using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. Our results demonstrated that virgin females are able to produce and copulate with their sons (oedipal mating), which then allows those females to produce both sexes. This reproductive system can enable this valuable natural enemy to considerably extend its distribution potential.

Combined effects of oxytetracycline concentration and algal food level on the life-table demography of Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Yi-Long Xi ◽  
Han Zhu ◽  
Bing-Xing Zhang ◽  
Jin-Hang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Brachionus Calyciflorus ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Environmental Concentration ◽  
Net Reproduction

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is commonly used for aquaculture and livestock, and its environmental concentration has increased to a considerable level and displays potential environmental risk. In the present study, the life-table demography of Brachionus calyciflorus exposed to sublethal concentrations (30.0, 60.0, 90.0, 120.0, 150.0 and 180.0 mg L−1) of OTC was investigated at 1.0 × 106, 2.0 × 106 and 4.0 × 106 cells mL−1 of Scenedesmus obliquus. The results showed that at each algal density, OTC concentration affected significantly life expectancy at hatching, net reproductive rate, generation time and intrinsic rate of population increase (P < 0.01), but did not affect proportion of mictic offspring of the rotifers (P > 0.05). Compared to the controls, and at 2.0 × 106 cells mL−1 of S. obliquus, treatments with OTC at 30.0–150.0 and 60.0–120.0 mg L−1 significantly prolonged life expectancy at hatching and generation time, treatments with OTC at 30.0–120.0 and 30.0–90.0 mg L−1 increased net reproduction rate and intrinsic rate of population increase, respectively, but the reverse was also true for those with OTC at 180.0 mg L−1. Higher and lower algal densities decreased the magnitude of stimulatory effects of lower concentrations of OTC but enhanced that of inhibitory effects of high concentration of OTC on the survival, asexual reproduction and population growth of the rotifers. At the three algal densities, net reproduction rate was more sensitive to OTC than the other endpoints, and significant concentration- effect relationship existed between OTC concentration and each of all the life-table demographic parameters except the proportion of mictic offspring.

scholarly journals Effects of Delayed Mating on the Reproductive Performance of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Ya-Ling Wang ◽  
Qi-Nian Jin ◽  
Xiang-Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Henosepilachna Vigintioctopunctata

Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) is a serious pest of numerous solanaceous crops in many Asian countries. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of delayed mating on mating success, fecundity, fertility, pre-oviposition period, oviposition period, adult longevity, and population life table parameters (including net reproductive rate, intrinsic and finite rates of increase, doubling time, and mean generation time) of H. vigintioctopunctata. Beginning three days after emergence for both sexes, mating was delayed an additional 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 days. We compared the data when mating was delayed for males only with the data when mating was similarly delayed for females only. Reproductive and life table parameters were calculated from the two data sets and compared. The results showed that the preoviposition and oviposition period of adults was significantly reduced by delayed mating, while the preoviposition period was not significantly different in adults mated at older ages. The mating success rate, fecundity, and proportion of hatching eggs decreased with increasing mating age. Longevity was not affected by the age at mating. Mating delay also affected the life table parameters of H. vigintioctopunctata, with a similar trend observed in the net reproductive rate and intrinsic and finite rates of increase, all of which decreased gradually as the number of delay days increased. The population doubling time increased with increases in mating age. The results also showed that delayed mating was an effective measure to consider in controlling H. vigintioctopunctata. It is hoped that our data will provide a scientific basis and contribute technical guidance for forecasting and integrated management of this pest.

Plant Resistance in Some Modern Soybean Varieties May Favor Population Growth and Modify the Stylet Penetration of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricélia F Almeida ◽  
Clébson S Tavares ◽  
Euires O Araújo ◽  
Marcelo C Picanço ◽  
Eugênio E Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Demographic Performance

Abstract Complaints of severe damage by whiteflies in soybean fields containing genetically engineered (GE) varieties led us to investigate the role of transgenic soybean varieties expressing resistance to some insects (Cry1Ac Bt toxin) and to herbicide (glyphosate) on the population growth and feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). In the laboratory, the whiteflies reared on the GE Bt soybeans had a net reproductive rate (R0) 100% higher and intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) 15% higher than those reared on non-GE soybeans. The increased demographic performance was associated with a higher lifetime fecundity. In electrical penetration graphs, the whiteflies reared on the GE soybeans had fewer probes and spent 50% less time before reaching the phloem phase from the beginning of the first successful probe, indicating a higher risk of transmission of whitefly-borne viruses. Data from Neotropical fields showed a higher population density of B. tabaci on two soybean varieties expressing glyphosate resistance and Cry1Ac Bt toxin. These results indicate that some GE soybean varieties expressing insect and herbicide resistances can be more susceptible to whiteflies than non-GE ones or those only expressing herbicide resistance. Most likely, these differences are related to varietal features that increase host-plant susceptibility to whiteflies. Appropriate pest management may be needed to deal with whiteflies in soybean fields, especially in warm regions, and breeders may want to consider the issue when developing new soybean varieties.

scholarly journals Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Samah Ben Chaaban ◽  
Brahim Chermiti ◽  
Serge Kreiter
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Old World ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. mostly in North Africa and the Middle East. A population of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas has been recently found in Tunisia in association with a decrease of O. afrasiaticus densities. The objective of this paper was to assess the development and reproduction abilities of T. ( A.) athenas on O. afrasiaticus under laboratory conditions at two temperatures: 27 and 32 °C. The results obtained show that females of T. (A.) athenas develop in 5 days at 27 °C and 4.1 days at 32 °C. The mean fecundity of T. (A.) athenas was 32.1 and 23.2 eggs per female at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. Life table parameters were stimated: the net reproductive rate (Ro) 27.9 and 17.9 eggs/female, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.322 and 0,344 female/female/day and the mean generation time (T) 10.3 and 8.4 days at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. At both temperatures tested, T. (A.) athenas intrinsic rate of increase was greater than that of O. afrasiaticus (rm = 0.213 at 32 °C,against rm = 0.166 day1 at 27 °C). Typhlodromus (A.) athenas would be able to develop at a wide range of temperatures feeding on O. afrasiaticus and seems to be able to potentially control it.

EFFECTS OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY, AND SIMULATED RAINFALL ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF THE SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (OLIGONYCHUS UNUNGUIS)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Boyne ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Oligonychus Ununguis ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractExperiments were conducted on Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir, seedlings or cut terminals. Results indicate that Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) responds most favorably to temperatures approximating 26 °C and to relative humidity levels approaching 50 to 60%. Developmental time, time to 50% mortality, net reproductive rate, mean generation time, intrinsic rate of natural increase, finite rate of increase, and days for populations to double were computed for each temperature and relative humidity regime. Simulated rainfall severely limits population density on Fraser fir seedlings.

Temperature-dependent development and life table parameters of Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Almond

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383
Author(s):  
Zarir Saeidi ◽  
Alireza Nemati ◽  
Elham Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures

In the current study, development, reproduction, and longevity of Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein concerning seven different temperatures including 13±1, 15±1, 20± 1, 25±1, 27±1, 30 ±1 and 35 ±1°C, relative humidity 50 ± 10 % and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. were investigated. Due to mite inability to settle on leaf disk, almond young branches were used for conducting life table experiments. Our results indicated that higher and lower temperatures caused a steeper decline in survivorship. The highest survival rate was observed at 25 and 27°C. The mean total development time was significantly decreased with increasing the temperatures; while adult longevity for both female and males significantly decreased. Furthermore, offspring production did not occur at 35°C. The highest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.2563 and 1.2922 d-1 at 27°C, while their lowest values were obtained at 13°C. Again high temperature (30°C) caused a decline in both the reproductive rate and growth rate of this mite species. The longest mean generation time (T) (58.55 d) was at 13 °C and it declined significantly with increasing temperature. The most striking result emerging from our data is that 27°C is the most desirable temperature for not only development but also the reproduction of S. smirnovi. Finally, our obtained information provides a better understanding of the life history of S. smirnovi and its ability to survive and reproduce under different temperature regimes which can be used in the management of this pest.

Biological traits of acarophagous thrips, Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae): Application of female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life tables

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Marjan Heidarian ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipor ◽  
Amin Sedaratian-jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Scolothrips Longicornis

Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein is an important phytophagous pest of almond trees which causes serious damage in southwestern Iran. Scolothrips longicornis Priesner has been considered as an efficient predatory thrips that feeds on this spider mite and hence its efficiency for controlling S. smirnovi should be evaluated. In the current study, all main biological parameters of S. longicornis fed on S. smirnovi were determined under laboratory conditions. Data analysis was performed using both female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life table theories. Duration of incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal and pre-adult periods of male predators were 4.73, 3.18, 1.05, 1.86 and 10.82 days, respectively. These periods in female individuals lasted 4.57, 3.92, 1.04, 1.87 and 11.00 days, respectively. Our findings showed that each female laid an average of 62.74 eggs during its ovipositional period (13.61 days). Using the age-stage, two-sex life table, the values of the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) were estimated to be 26.236 (eggs/individual), 0.171 (day-1), 1.186 (day-1) and 19.130 (days), respectively. Using the female age-specific life table, these parameters had different values. Our findings revealed that S. longicornis has a reliable capability to increase its population by feeding on S. smirnovi. This information can expand our knowledge for assessing biological efficiency of this predatory thrips in sustainable management of the destructive mite pest. 

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