scholarly journals Preliminary Design of the Support Structure for a Rotating Carbon-ion Transfer Line for Medical Applications

Instruments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Diego Perini ◽  
Luca Dassa ◽  
Luca Piacentini ◽  
Stefano Uberti
Keyword(s):  
Superconducting Magnets ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Beam Position ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Transfer Line ◽  
Rotating Structure

The development of new bent superconducting magnets together with the optimization of the support structure open the way to a considerable reduction in the weight and complexity of rotating gantries for medical applications. The magnets, which define the transfer line to deliver carbon ions to the patients from different angles, are supported by a rotating structure that should be as rigid and as lightweight as possible. Relative displacements of the magnets due to deformations cause incorrect beam position and consequent errors in hitting the target tissues. This paper describes a possible rotating structure which is considerably lighter than the previous designs. A method to compensate part of the deformation by complementary rotations of the driving motor is proposed. The influence of the construction tolerances and deformations of the supports is also analyzed and alignment and adjustment possibilities are discussed.

scholarly journals Rearrangements of the DNA in Carbon Ion-Induced Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Shikazono ◽  
Atsushi Tanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Watanabe ◽  
Shigemitsu Tano
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Nonhomologous End Joining ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Induced Mutants ◽  
Dna Strand

Abstract To elucidate the nature of structural alterations in plants, three carbon ion-induced mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, gl1-3, tt4(C1), and ttg1-21, were analyzed. The gl1-3 mutation was found to be generated by an inversion of a fragment that contained GL1 and Atpk7 loci on chromosome 3. The size of the inverted fragment was a few hundred kilobase pairs. The inversion was found to accompany an insertion of a 107-bp fragment derived from chromosome 2. The tt4(C1) mutation was also found to be due to an inversion. The size of the intervening region between the breakpoints was also estimated to be a few hundred kilobase pairs. In the case of ttg1-21, it was found that a break occurred at the TTG1 locus on chromosome 5, and reciprocal translocation took place between it and chromosome 3. From the sequences flanking the breakpoints, the DNA strand breaks induced by carbon ions were found to be rejoined using, if present, only short homologous sequences. Small deletions were also observed around the breakpoints. These results suggest that the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway operates after plant cells are exposed to ion particles.

Effects of Carbon Ion on Glassy Carbon Electrode as Chemical Sensor

2009 ◽  
Vol 1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bopha Chhay ◽  
Lynn Bowman ◽  
Daryush Ila
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Polymeric Carbon

AbstractGlassy polymeric carbon (GPC) is a material commonly used for making electrodes for cyclic voltammetric (CV) and amperometric measurements. Previous work done at Alabama A&M University (AAMU) has shown that high energy ion beams can be used to improve the physical properties of GPC in general. In this work, we fabricated a glassy polymeric carbon electrode and we used carbon ions to activate it. Surface analyses including Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to compare the changes in surface morphology and structure before and after carbon ion bombardment.

Synchrotrons for Hadrontherapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 157-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco G. Pullia
Keyword(s):  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Carbon Ion Therapy ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Ion Therapy ◽  
Therapy Center

Since 1990, when the world's first hospital-based proton therapy center opened in Loma Linda, California, interest in dedicated proton and carbon ion therapy facilities has been growing steadily. Today, many proton therapy centers are in operation, but the number of centers offering carbon ion therapy is still very low. This difference reflects the fact that protons are well accepted by the medical community, whereas radiotherapy with carbon ions is still experimental. Furthermore, accelerators for carbon ions are larger, more complicated and more expensive than those for protons only. This article describes the accelerator performance required for hadrontherapy and how this is realized, with particular emphasis on carbon ion synchrotrons.

scholarly journals The Major DNA Repair Pathway after Both Proton and Carbon-Ion Radiation is NHEJ, but the HR Pathway is More Relevant in Carbon Ions

2015 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariungerel Gerelchuluun ◽  
Eri Manabe ◽  
Takaaki Ishikawa ◽  
Lue Sun ◽  
Kazuya Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Repair Pathway ◽  
Carbon Ion

Phase II Multi-institutional Clinical Trial on a New Mixed Beam RT Scheme of IMRT on Pelvis Combined with a Carbon Ion Boost for High-risk Prostate Cancer Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Marvaso ◽  
Barbara A. Jereczek-Fossa ◽  
Barbara Vischioni ◽  
Delia Ciardo ◽  
Tommaso Giandini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
High Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mixed Beam ◽  
Risk Prostate Cancer

Purpose Definition of the optimal treatment schedule for high-risk prostate cancer is under debate. A combination of photon intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on pelvis with a carbon ion boost might be the optimal treatment scheme to escalate the dose on prostate and deliver curative dose with respect to normal tissue and quality of dose distributions. In fact, carbon ion beams offer the advantage to deliver hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) using a significantly smaller number of fractions compared to conventional RT without increasing risks of late effects. Methods This study is a prospective phase II clinical trial exploring safety and feasibility of a mixed beam scheme of carbon ion prostate boost followed by photon IMRT on pelvis. The study is designed to enroll 65 patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer at 3 different oncologic hospitals: Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica. The primary endpoint is the evaluation of safety and feasibility with acute toxicity scored up to 1 month after the end of RT. Secondary endpoints are treatment early (3 months after the end of RT) and long-term tolerability, quality of life, and efficacy. Results The study is not yet recruiting; in silico studies are ongoing and we expect to start recruitment by 2017. Conclusions The present clinical trial aims at improving the current treatment for high-risk prostate cancer, evaluating safety and feasibility of a new RT mixed-beam scheme including photons and carbon ions. Encouraging results are coming from carbon ion facilities worldwide on the treatment of different tumors including prostate cancers. Carbon ions combine physical properties allowing for high dose conformity and advantageous radiobiological characteristics. The proposed mixed beam treatment has the advantage to combine a photon high conformity standard of care IMRT phase with a hypofractionated carbon ion RT boost delivered in a short overall treatment time.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Re-irradiation with Charged Particle Beam Therapy in the Management of Locally Recurrent Skull Base and Head and Neck Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Mauricio E. Gamez ◽  
Samir H. Patel ◽  
Lisa A. McGee ◽  
Terence T. Sio ◽  
Mark McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Head And Neck Tumors ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Neck Tumors

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the clinical outcomes and treatment related toxicities of charged particle-based re-irradiation (reRT; protons and carbon ions) for the definitive management of recurrent or second primary skull base and head and neck tumors. Materials and Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied for the conduct of this systematic review. Published work in English language evaluating the role of definitive charged particle therapies in the clinical setting of reRT for recurrent or second primary skull base and head and neck tumors were eligible for this analysis. Results A total of 26 original studies (15 protons, 10 carbon ions, and 1 helium/neon studies) involving a total of 1,118 patients (437 with protons, 670 with carbon ions, and 11 with helium/neon) treated with curative-intent charged particle reRT were included in this systematic review. All studies were retrospective in nature, and the majority of them (n=23, 88 %) were reported as single institution experiences (87% for protons, and 90% for carbon ion-based studies). The median proton therapy reRT dose was 64.5 Gy (RBE 1.1) (range, 50.0 – 75.6 Gy ), while the median carbon ion reRT dose was 53.8 Gy (RBE 2.5 – 3.0) (range, 44.8 – 60 Gy ). Induction and/or concurrent chemotherapy was administered to 232 (53%) of the patients that received a course of proton reRT, and 122 (18%) for carbon ion reRT patients. ReRT with protons achieved 2-year local control rates ranging from 50% to 86%, and 41% to 92% for carbon ion reRT. The 2-year overall survival rates for proton and carbon ion reRT ranged from 33% to 80%, and 50% to 86% respectively. Late ≥ G3 toxicities ranged from 0% to 37%, with brain necrosis, ototoxicity, visual deficits, and bleeding as the most common complications. Grade 5 toxicities for all treated patients occurred in 1.4% (n= 16/1118) with fatal bleeding as the leading cause. Conclusions Based on current data, curative intent skull base and head and neck reRT with charged particle radiotherapy is feasible and safe in well-selected cases, associated with comparable or potentially improved local control and toxicity rates compared to historical reRT studies using photon radiotherapy. Prospective multi-institutional studies reporting oncologic outcomes, toxicity, and dosimetric treatment planning data are warranted to further validate these findings and to improve the understanding of the clinical benefits of charged particle radiotherapy in the reRT setting.

scholarly journals Mutation Rate and Novel tt Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Induced by Carbon Ions

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 1449-1455
Author(s):  
Naoya Shikazono ◽  
Yukihiko Yokota ◽  
Satoshi Kitamura ◽  
Chihiro Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Large Deletions ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Mutational Effect

Abstract Irradiation of Arabidopsis thaliana by carbon ions was carried out to investigate the mutational effect of ion particles in higher plants. Frequencies of embryonic lethals and chlorophyll-deficient mutants were found to be significantly higher after carbon-ion irradiation than after electron irradiation (11-fold and 7.8-fold per unit dose, respectively). To estimate the mutation rate of carbon ions, mutants with no pigments on leaves and stems (tt) and no trichomes on leaves (gl) were isolated at the M2 generation and subjected to analysis. Averaged segregation rate of the backcrossed mutants was 0.25, which suggested that large deletions reducing the viability of the gametophytes were not transmitted, if generated, in most cases. During the isolation of mutants, two new classes of flavonoid mutants (tt18, tt19) were isolated from carbon-ion-mutagenized M2 plants. From PCR and sequence analysis, two of the three tt18 mutant alleles were found to have a small deletion within the LDOX gene and the other was revealed to contain a rearrangement. Using the segregation rates, the mutation rate of carbon ions was estimated to be 17-fold higher than that of electrons. The isolation of novel mutants and the high mutation rate suggest that ion particles can be used as a valuable mutagen for plant genetics.

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