scholarly journals Dysphoria and Irritability—Diagnostic Pitfalls in the Assessment of Interictal Dysphoric Disorder in Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4624
Author(s):  
Agata M. Grzegorzewska ◽  
Mariusz S. Wiglusz ◽  
Wiesław J. Cubała ◽  
Katarzyna Jakuszkowiak-Wojten ◽  
Adam Włodarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfalls

This article aims to review the concept of epilepsy-specific psychiatric disturbance, Interictal Dysphoric Disorder (IDD), focusing on issues related to its core symptoms and methodological pitfalls. In the psychiatric literature, an epilepsy-specific pleomorphic mood disorder has been long recognized and described as IDD, a condition characterized by eight symptoms, which are grouped into four labile depressive symptoms, two labile affective symptoms, and two specific symptoms. The existence of IDD is still a matter of debate because of several methodological issues. The main features of IDD, such as dysphoria and irritability, lack precise and clear definition. This review article explores the different definitions and approaches towards both terms described in the psychiatric literature and the rationale for modifying the diagnostic process of IDD.

scholarly journals What Lies Beneath: Exploring Different Depressive Symptoms Across Selected Risk Factors in Icelandic Team Sport Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-79
Author(s):  
Richard Tahtinen ◽  
Hafrun Kristjansdottir ◽  
Daniel T. Olason ◽  
Robert Morris
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Specific Symptoms

The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of specific symptoms of depression in athletes and to test differences in the likelihood of athletes exhibiting these symptoms across age, sex, type of team sport, and level of competition. A sample of Icelandic male and female team sport athletes (N = 894, 18–42 years) was included in the study. Of the athletes exhibiting clinically significant depressive symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 37.5% did not exhibit core symptoms of depression. Compared with males, females were significantly more likely to exhibit depressed mood, feelings of worthlessness/guilt, and problems with sleep, fatigue, appetite, and concentration. Within males, differences were mostly related to neurovegetative aspects of depression (sleep and appetite), whereas in females, differences were related to cognitive/emotional aspects (e.g., depressed mood, guilt/worthlessness). The findings underline the importance of exploring specific symptoms of depression to provide a richer understanding of depressive symptomology in athletes.

African American Women and Depression: Promoting the Need for Culturally Competent Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Kennedy ◽  
Chalice Jenkins ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
American Women

Abstract Depression is gradually increasing in African American women. These women are experiencing role changes and additional life stressors. Depressed African American women may perceive themselves as being devalued by society with fewer support systems to buffer stressful events. Depressive symptoms may develop into clinical depression and a further decrease in the quality of life for the African American woman. The assumption that all women share similar experiences does not allow for differences to emerge regarding the diagnostic process, measuring tools, and successful treatment strategies for various cultures. The authors developed a Multifaceted Model of Depression in African American Women for improving treatment of African American women with depression and future research needs. Cultural background plays a vital role in how the symptoms of mental illnesses are developed, reported, interpreted, and how women are treated. African Americans who subscribed to the Strong Black Women Archetype (SBWA) are naturally strong, resilient, self-contained, and self-sacrificing. This self-reliance prevents them from reaching out for social support. This, in turn, can contribute to depressive symptoms with negative health outcomes. The African American women are more apt to have less access to routine medical care where early diagnosis and interventions can be done, so their mental health problems (e.g., depression, stress, etc.) are often more developed, complicated, and their social supports more depleted when they do access treatment. When African American women do have access to mental health care, they receive poor quality care compared to Whites.

Depressive Disorder in Primary Care

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. R. Blacker ◽  
A. W. Clare
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Precise Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Since the pioneering study of psychiatric morbidity in primary care by Shepherdet alin 1966, it has become increasingly apparent that a substantial proportion (between 20% and 25%) of patients consulting their GP are suffering from some form of psychiatric disturbance (Goldberg & Blackwell, 1970; Hoeperet al,1979). The composition of this psychiatric morbidity has been shown to be almost wholly affective in nature and largely mild in degree. In their important review Jenkins & Shepherd (1983) recently summarised the now extensive findings relating to overall minor psychiatric morbidity in primary care. However, recent collaborative studies between psychiatrists and GPs have identified that within this dilute pool of minor disorders, lurks a significant but poorly served population of patients suffering from depressive disorders which are by no means minor in degree. A number of crucial issues regarding this depression in primary care emerge which the present paper aims to review. In particular, how common is it, and how severe? How does it present and what, if any, are its special characteristics? What is the precise relationship between depressive symptoms and depressive illness presenting to the GP and what is the relationship between physical illness and depression? And finally, what is the course and outcome of depression in this setting and what are the indications for and effect of treatment?

scholarly journals Somatics Symptoms and Depression: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Herrera-Estrella ◽  
E. Izar ◽  
K. Luna ◽  
M. Cuellar-García
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
The World ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Aims: The objective of this review has been to highlight the importance of non-specific and painful symptoms of depression since sometimes the person does not notice or is not able to talk about their emotional symptoms. This leads us to refine the search for symptoms that can mask depression and not be treated properly. This is important as it is predicted that by 2020 depression will be the leading cause of disability in the world. Method: We review some articles that relate depression to painful symptoms. Results: Patients with the major depressive disorder may present, as initial complaints, multiple somatic complaints, nonspecific and especially pain, which complicates their diagnosis and sometimes leads them to not receive treatment for depression, complicating its evolution and deteriorating the quality of life. Conclusion: Depression can have many forms of presentation, people can complain of multiple non-specific symptoms, which do not allow a diagnosis of medical disease so it will be necessary to look for affective symptoms, investigate factors that trigger their condition to achieve an adequate diagnosis, provide the indicated medication and allow them a better quality of life. 

scholarly journals Seven stages of Lithuanian dialectology

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Vytautas Kardelis
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Young Researchers

This article is a continuation of ongoing debate on the development of Lithuanian dialectology, the issues of which were first addressed and published in 2015. One of the key ideas expressed by the specialists of dialectology was a proposal to start the development of an extensive model of interests of Lithuanian dialectology. The model could encompass a historical approach, i.e. issues of the development of Lithuanian dialects, essential features of that development as well as the most significant empirical and methodological transformations. The second approach would focus on the perspectives of Lithuanian dialectology which can be placed on the basis of the existing model of interests in Lithuanian dialectology and specific studies carried out in the field. This article proposes a perspective-based plan of research into dialectology and attempts to suggest a tool to implement that plan. The article begins with several introductory remarks about the author’s view towards the existing state of Lithuanian dialectology. It could be briefly described in the following way: traditional dialectology: neogrammarian atomism (exclusive of the theory of dialectology) → structural dialectology: →   phonology and natural morphology (inclusive of the theory of phonology and natural morphology but exclusive of the theory of structural dialectology) →  the new dialectology: (inclusive of the theory of dialectology: geolinguistics and sociolinguistics, the dynamic socio-cognitive view). The proposed perspective-based plan of research consists of seven stages, namely: typological, varieties (lects) and variants, dialectometry, sociolinguistics and language contacts, perceptive, salience, and empirical. The article does not seek to describe each of the stages in great detail or to review extensive research literature existing on the aspects discussed above. The main aim of this article is to identify and discuss some research trends which are relatively new in Western linguistics and to suggest their application in Lithuanian dialectology. Perhaps this could initiate a discussion among Lithuanian and, possibly, foreign dialectologists working with Lithuanian and Slavic languages with regard to theoretical and methodological issues pertaining to dialectology research. Arguably, the foundation of such a prospective discussion was laid in the work “Lithuanian Dialects of the Early 21st Century: A Geolinguistic and Sociolinguistic Study. Maps and their Commentaries”. Hopefully, this review article will also contribute to the prospective discussions and motivate young researchers of dialects to embark on dialectology research by applying new trends in Lithuanian dialectology.

The Depressive Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Cooper ◽  
Christopher G. Fairburn
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Standardised measures of mental state were used to compare patients with bulimia nervosa with those with major depressive disorder. The two groups were found to be similar in terms of severity of psychiatric disturbance, as measured by the Montgomery & Åsberg Scale and the Present State Examination. Noteworthy symptomatic differences were a greater frequency of obsessional ruminations and anxiety amongst the first group, and a greater frequency of depressed mood, apparent sadness, and suicidal ideation amongst the second. Discriminant function analyses revealed that the two patient groups had a different pattern of symptoms. Examination of the character of the psychiatric symptoms of patients with bulimia nervosa suggests that the anxiety and depressive symptoms are likely to be secondary to the eating disorder itself, rather than of primary significance.

scholarly journals Not all depressive symptoms matter equally: Ratings of the relative importance of nine DSM symptoms in a sample of Indian adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash R Wasil ◽  
Sarah Gillespie ◽  
Suh Jung Park ◽  
Robert DeRubeis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Importance Rating ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Indian Adolescents ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Subjective Importance ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Background: There is widespread debate about the extent to which western diagnostic criteria for depression are appropriate cross-culturally. A key aspect of this debate involves the extent to which individual symptoms are considered important, impairing, and concerning by individuals in low- and middle-income countries. Here, we describe a novel method to understand the degree to which symptoms of depression are most important to individuals, and we illustrate its application in a non-western sample.Methods: We surveyed 1,237 Indian adolescents (47.8% female, Mage= 14.11). Adolescents received the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, a measure of nine DSM-derived depressive symptoms. For each symptom, participants answered three questions designed to assess the degree to which they perceive the symptom as distressing and impairing. The three scores were averaged to form a Subjective Importance Rating (SIR) for each symptom.Results: Anhedonia received the highest SIR, followed by Sad Mood, Suicidal Ideation, and Feeling like a Failure; Psychomotor Problems received the lowest SIRs. Females reported greater SIRs than males, and older students reported greater SIRs than younger students. There was a non-linear relationship between participants' own depressive symptoms and SIRs.Limitations: Participants were recruited from the general population; findings may not generalize to patients or individuals in other countries.Conclusion: Not all symptoms of depression were viewed as equally important. We discuss how the SIR approach can help global mental health researchers identify specific symptoms that are considered most concerning, evaluate the cross-cultural relevance of western diagnostic criteria, and inform the validation of measurement tools.

scholarly journals Adipokine profi le in patients with ischemic heart disease in stenting of the coronary arteries: contribution of changes in psychoemotional status

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
A. O. Lobe ◽  
D. N. Ivanchenko ◽  
N. P. Dorofeeva ◽  
L. P. Sizyakina ◽  
M. V. Kharitonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Stable Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Subclinical Symptoms

Objective: to investigate the adipokine profile’s changes, depending on the presence or absence the signs of psychoemotional disorders in the form of associated affective symptoms in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) without diagnosed carbohydrate metabolism’s disorders undergoing routine percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting, and also to assess their relationship with clinical outcomes within 1 year after hospitalization.Materials and methods: the study included 20 male patients with stable angina pectoris of functional classes II – III, hospitalized for coronary stenting. The severity of affective symptoms were being assessed. The levels markers of adiponectin, leptin, resistin in the blood plasma were determined before PCI and on the 3rd day after the operation.Results: patients with stable coronary artery disease had increase in resistin concentrations and a decrease in adiponectin levels compared with reference. The change of psychoemotional status was accompanied by an initially more expressed increase in the concentrations of plasma resistin. The resistin’s level has been signifi cantly increased on the third day after PCI in patients without depressive symptoms. The dynamics of depressive symptoms hasn’t observed during the year. Clinically unfavorable outcomes, including stent’s restenosis, re-hospitalization, and the increase in angina attacks, were recorded more oft en in patients with subclinical symptoms of depression that persisted throughout the observation period.Conclusions: the factors that negatively aff ected the cardiac prognosis were the disorders of the psychoemotional status and adipokine’s changes, including аn increasе of resistin’s and a decrease of adiponectin’s levels.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability in patients with stable angina pectoris as a risk factor for adverse clinical prognosis: relationship with affective depressive symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
A. O. Lobe ◽  
A. I. Chebotova ◽  
D. N. Ivanchenko ◽  
N. P. Dorofeeva ◽  
A. S. Pleskachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Stable Angina Pectoris ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Affective Symptoms

Objective: to investigate the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters of patients with a stable angina pectoris depending of presence depressive disorders; to identify the influence of affective symptoms on the clinical outcome during 12 months of observation.Material and methods: there are 121 male patients included in research with a stable angina pectoris II – III functional classes, hospitalized for a drug treatment and planned percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting. The severity of affective symptoms and HRV are being assessed.Results: patients with depressive symptoms in the conservative treatment group had low SDNN level; patients with psychoemotional disorders in the surgical treatment group had differences by all HRV parameters (SDNN, SDANN, SDNN, rMSSD pNN50). Clinically unfavorable outcome, including intermediate points such as increase in angina attacks, re-hospitalization, stent’s restenosis, were mostly registered during 12 months of observation in the groups with affective symptoms.Conclusions: presence of depressive symptoms of patients with stable angina pectoris is accompanied with low HRV parameters, which is connected with worsening of cardiac prognosis. 

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms among patients with schizophrenia in acute and remission phases

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 849-855
Author(s):  
Amir Peljto ◽  
Danilo Pesic ◽  
Nikos Christodoulou ◽  
Dusica Lecic-Tosevski
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Remission Phase

Bacground/Aim. Researchers suggest that among people with schizophrenia, the prevalence of depressive symptoms ranges from 7% to 80%. The rate of depressive symptoms among people with schizophrenia varies widely because of the phase of the disease, type of study applied, rating scale for depressive symptoms and diagnostic criteria. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the clinical correlation of depressive symptoms with other clinical parameters (type and severity of psychotic symptoms, severity of illness, insight and global functioning) among patients with schizophrenia in acute and remission phases. Methods. This prospective clinical study enrolled 100 consecutive patients with schizophrenia both in acute and remission phases. Psychometric assessments were made using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for rating the symptoms of schizophrenia, Scale to Assess the Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Results. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with schizophrenia in the acute phase was 23% at the study group, while in the remission phase it was 13%. In the acute phase, the CDSS scale correlated with a depressive and positive subscale of the PANSS scale as well as SUMD scale. In the remission phase, the CDSS scale correlated only with a depressive subscale of the PANSS scale. The CDSS scale did not correlate with the negative subscale of the PANSS scale. The subjective nature of depressive symptoms is more pronounced in the remission phase. Conclusion. Our findings showed that depressive symptoms were more pronounced in the acute psychotic phase than in the remission phase of schizophrenia. Targeted, patient oriented, and algorithm-based approach for treatment management, with taking into account different phenotypic expressions of the disorder (patients with and without affective symptoms) is warranted in patients with schizophrenia.

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