scholarly journals Tracking Photodynamic- and Chemotherapy-Induced Redox-State Perturbations in 3D Culture Models of Pancreatic Cancer: A Tool for Identifying Therapy-Induced Metabolic Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mans Broekgaarden ◽  
Anne-Laure Bulin ◽  
Jane Frederick ◽  
Zhiming Mai ◽  
Tayyaba Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Orthotopic Mouse Model ◽  
Culture Models

The metabolic plasticity of cancer cells is considered a highly advantageous phenotype that is crucial for disease progression and acquisition of treatment resistance. A better understanding of cancer metabolism and its adaptability after treatments is vital to develop more effective therapies. To screen novel therapies and combination regimens, three-dimensional (3D) culture models of cancers are attractive platforms as they recapitulate key features of cancer. By applying non-perturbative intensity-based redox imaging combined with high-throughput image analysis, we demonstrated metabolic heterogeneity in various 3D culture models of pancreatic cancer. Photodynamic therapy and oxaliplatin chemotherapy, two cancer treatments with relevance to pancreatic cancer, induced perturbations in redox state in 3D microtumor cultures of pancreatic cancer. In an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer, a similar disruption in redox homeostasis was observed on ex vivo slices following photodynamic therapy in vivo. Taken together, redox imaging on cancer tissues combined with high-throughput analysis can elucidate dynamic spatiotemporal changes in metabolism following treatment, which will benefit the design of new metabolism-targeted therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals In vitro Models of the Small Intestine for Studying Intestinal Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Myung Jung ◽  
Seonghun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Composition Structure

The small intestine is a digestive organ that has a complex and dynamic ecosystem, which is vulnerable to the risk of pathogen infections and disorders or imbalances. Many studies have focused attention on intestinal mechanisms, such as host–microbiome interactions and pathways, which are associated with its healthy and diseased conditions. This review highlights the intestine models currently used for simulating such normal and diseased states. We introduce the typical models used to simulate the intestine along with its cell composition, structure, cellular functions, and external environment and review the current state of the art for in vitro cell-based models of the small intestine system to replace animal models, including ex vivo, 2D culture, organoid, lab-on-a-chip, and 3D culture models. These models are described in terms of their structure, composition, and co-culture availability with microbiomes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential application for the aforementioned techniques to these in vitro models. The review concludes with a summary of intestine models from the viewpoint of current techniques as well as their main features, highlighting potential future developments and applications.

scholarly journals 3D culture technologies of cancer stem cells: promising ex vivo tumor models

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204173142093340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengye Zhang ◽  
Zhaoting Yang ◽  
Da-Long Dong ◽  
Tae-Su Jang ◽  
Jonathan C. Knowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Cancer stem cells have been shown to be important in tumorigenesis processes, such as tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. As such, many three-dimensional models have been developed to establish an ex vivo microenvironment that cancer stem cells experience under in vivo conditions. Cancer stem cells propagating in three-dimensional culture systems show physiologically related signaling pathway profiles, gene expression, cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions, and drug resistance that reflect at least some of the tumor properties seen in vivo. Herein, we discussed the presently available Cancer stem cell three-dimensional culture models that use biomaterials and engineering tools and the biological implications of these models compared to the conventional ones.

scholarly journals Traditional and Advanced Cell Cultures in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Studies

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Ribeiro-Filho ◽  
Débora Levy ◽  
Jorge Luis Maria Ruiz ◽  
Marluce da Cunha Mantovani ◽  
Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Bone Marrow Microenvironment ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Culture Models

Hematopoiesis is the main function of bone marrow. Human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells reside in the bone marrow microenvironment, making it a hotspot for the development of hematopoietic diseases. Numerous alterations that correspond to disease progression have been identified in the bone marrow stem cell niche. Complex interactions between the bone marrow microenvironment and hematopoietic stem cells determine the balance between the proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis of the stem cell compartment. Changes in this tightly regulated network can provoke malignant transformation. However, our understanding of human hematopoiesis and the associated niche biology remains limited due to accessibility to human material and the limits of in vitro culture models. Traditional culture systems for human hematopoietic studies lack microenvironment niches, spatial marrow gradients, and dense cellularity, rendering them incapable of effectively translating marrow physiology ex vivo. This review will discuss the importance of 2D and 3D culture as a physiologically relevant system for understanding normal and abnormal hematopoiesis.

scholarly journals A high-throughput imaging and nuclear segmentation analysis protocol for cleared 3D culture models

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly E. Boutin ◽  
Ty C. Voss ◽  
Steven A. Titus ◽  
Kennie Cruz-Gutierrez ◽  
Sam Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Segmentation Analysis ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
High Throughput Imaging ◽  
Nuclear Segmentation ◽  
Analysis Protocol

scholarly journals Ex Vivo Modeling of Human Neuroendocrine Tumors in Tissue Surrogates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon Herring ◽  
Samuel Jang ◽  
Jason Whitt ◽  
Kayla Goliwas ◽  
Zviadi Aburjania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Flow Perfusion ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Xenograft Models ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
Flow Perfusion Bioreactor

Few models exist for studying neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and there are mounting concerns that the currently available array of cell lines is not representative of NET biology. The lack of stable patient-derived NET xenograft models further limits the scientific community’s ability to make conclusions about NETs and their response to therapy in patients. To address these limitations, we propose the use of an ex vivo 3D flow-perfusion bioreactor system for culturing and studying patient-derived NET surrogates. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of the bioreactor system for culturing NET surrogates and provide methods for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents on human NET cell line xenograft constructs and patient-derived NET surrogates. We also demonstrate that patient-derived NET tissues can be propagated using the bioreactor system and investigate the near-infrared (NIR) dye IR-783 for its use in monitoring their status within the bioreactor. The results indicate that the bioreactor system and similar 3D culture models may be valuable tools for culturing patient-derived NETs and monitoring their response to therapy ex vivo.

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