scholarly journals Predictors of Mental Health Outcomes in Road Traffic Accident Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Jelena Kovacevic ◽  
Maja Miskulin ◽  
Dunja Degmecic ◽  
Aleksandar Vcev ◽  
Dinko Leovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychiatric Medication ◽  
Related Factors

Mental health outcomes of road traffic accidents (RTAs) are always investigated in assessments of those involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological consequences and associated factors in all RTA survivors, irrelevant of their injury status. A cohort of 155 people was assessed one month after experiencing a RTA using self-reported measures for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. Associations between mental health outcomes and sociodemographic factors, pre-RTA health status, injury-related factors, and RTA details were analyzed. RTA survivors reported substantial rates of PTSD (32.3%) and depression (17.4%) symptoms, and low rates of anxiety (5.8%). Symptoms of depression were associated with below-average self-perceived economic status, irreligiousness, medication use, psychiatric medication use, and injury-related factors. PTSD symptoms were associated with female gender, below-average self-perceived economic status, previous psychiatric illness, medication use, psychiatric medication use, not being at fault in the relevant RTA, claiming compensation, and injury-related factors. Anxiety symptoms were associated with previous chronic or psychiatric illness, previous permanent pain, psychiatric medication use, and self-perceived threat to life, but not with sustaining injury. Along with the evaluation and treatment of RTA injuries, health care providers should evaluate the pre-RTA health status of all RTA victims. Psychological support to those at risk may prevent psychological disorders after RTAs.

scholarly journals Mental health outcomes in road traffic accident survivors: prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kovacevic ◽  
M Miskulin ◽  
D Degmecic ◽  
A Vcev ◽  
H Palenkic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychiatric Medication ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents

Abstract Background Mental health outcomes of road traffic accidents (RTAs) are always investigated amongst the injured. The aim of this study was to investigate psychological consequences and associated factors in all RTA survivors irrelevant of their injury status. Methods A cohort of 200 Croatian RTA survivors was assessed one month after experiencing a RTA using the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist for civilians, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The New Injury Severity Scale was used for the injury severity assessment. Results RTA survivors reported substantial rates of PTSD (35.5%) and depression (20.0%) symptoms, and low rates of anxiety (4.5%). Symptoms of depression were associated with under-average self-perceived economic status (SES) (P = 0.001), irreligiousness (P = 0.001), medication use (P < 0.001), injury severity (P < 0.001), self-perceived threat to life (P < 0.022), hospitalization (P = 0.003), hospitalization duration (P = 0.004), surgical treatment of the injury (P < 0.001), unconsciousness in the RTA (P = 0.033) and post-RTA amnesia (0.039). PTSD symptoms were associated with unemployment (P = 0.034), under average SES (P = 0.004), lack of previous RTA experience (P = 0.025), previous psychiatric illness (P = 0.001), medication use (P = 0.001), psychiatric medication use (P < 0.001), injury affliction (P = 0.001), injury severity (P < 0.001), self-perceived threat to life (P < 0.001), pain after RTA (P = 0.009), hospitalization duration (P = 0.017) and claiming compensation (P = 0.008). Anxiety symptoms were associated with previous chronic (P = 0.037) or psychiatric illness (P = 0.010), previous permanent pain (P < 0.001), psychiatric medication use (P = 0.013) and rehabilitation after injury (P = 0.032). Conclusions A RTA is a traumatic event that can result in physical injuries, but also with psychological consequences depending on pre-RTA survivor's characteristics. Psychological support to those at risk may prevent psychological disorders after a RTA. Key messages Along with evaluation and treatment of road traffic accidents injuries, health care providers should evaluate pre-accident health status of all road traffic accidents victims. Understanding factors that present risk for poor mental health outcomes after the road traffic accidents is the key step in planning and organizing recovery of accidents survivors.

scholarly journals Quality of life in road traffic accident survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Jelena Kovačević ◽  
Maja Miškulin ◽  
Matea Matić Ličanin ◽  
Josip Barać ◽  
Dubravka Biuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Related Factors

AbstractIntroductionThe loss of quality of life is the major consequence following a non-fatal road traffic accident (RTA). Previous research regarding quality of life did not include uninjured RTA survivors. The research aim was thus to evaluate the quality of life of the RTA survivors regardless of whether or not they sustained injures, and to identify factors associated with decreased quality of life after the RTA.MethodsA cohort of 200 RTA survivors with and without injuries was followed after experiencing an RTA. The quality of life and mental health outcomes were assessed 1 month following RTA. A vast range of sociodemographic, pre-RTA health-related, RTA related, RTA injury-related, compensation-related factors and mental health outcomes were investigated.ResultsDecreased quality of life following an RTA showed an association with the low socioeconomic status of the RTA victims, poor pre-RTA health, injury-related factors, compensation-related factors and psychological disorders after the RTA.ConclusionsIdentifying predictors of decreased quality of life following an RTA will enable planning interventions targeting the most important factors that influence recovery of RTA victims. Assessing and recording of self-reported quality of life should be a part of the routine protocol in RTA survivors’ health-care.

scholarly journals Mental health among immigrants in Germany – the impact of self-attribution and attribution by others as an immigrant

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Nesterko ◽  
Michael Friedrich ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Andreas Hinz ◽  
Heide Glaesmer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In Germany, the term ‘migration background’ has been established to differentiate between immigrants and natives. In the present study post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression were analysed in immigrant populations in Germany by considering self-attribution as well as attribution by others on one’s own ‘migration background’. Methods In a population-based survey (N = 2317), socio-demographic characteristics, migration background (official statistics definition vs. self-attribution as well as the anticipated attribution by others), PTSD (PCL-5), and symptoms of anxiety and depression (PHQ-4) were assessed. Logistic regression models were applied to predict mental health outcomes by considering socio-demographic and immigration-related factors. Results A total of 10.7% of respondents (N = 248) had a ‘migration background’. Immigrants of the 2nd generation compared to 1st generation immigrants are less likely to see themselves as immigrants. Attribution as an immigrant (self and/or by others) was found as significant predictor for PTSD and depression, but not anxiety. Conclusions It seems useful to focus on immigration-related factors considering subjective perspectives and not only comparing immigrants and natives using a federal statistics definition. Our findings suggest that research on the association between immigration-related factors such as attribution as an immigrant and mental health outcomes might be a promising approach to better identify subgroups at higher risk of mental distress.

scholarly journals Factors associated with mental health outcomes across healthcare settings in Oman during COVID-19: frontline versus non-frontline healthcare workers

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e042030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Alshekaili ◽  
Walid Hassan ◽  
Nazik Al Said ◽  
Fatima Al Sulaimani ◽  
Sathish Kumar Jayapal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Frontline Healthcare Workers

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess and compare demographic and psychological factors and sleep status of frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in relation to non-frontline HCWs.Design, settings, participants and outcomesThis cross-sectional study was conducted from 8 April 2020 to 17 April 2020 using an online survey across varied healthcare settings in Oman accruing 1139 HCWs.The primary and secondary outcomes were mental health status and sociodemographic data, respectively. Mental health status was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and insomnia was evaluated by the Insomnia Severity Index. Samples were categorised into the frontline and non-frontline groups. χ2 and t-tests were used to compare groups by demographic data. The Mantel-Haenszel OR was used to compare groups by mental health outcomes adjusted by all sociodemographic factors.ResultsThis study included 1139 HCWs working in Oman. While working during the pandemic period, a total of 368 (32.3%), 388 (34.1%), 271 (23.8%) and 211 (18.5%) respondents were reported to have depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia, respectively. HCWs in the frontline group were 1.5 times more likely to report anxiety (OR=1.557, p=0.004), stress (OR=1.506, p=0.016) and insomnia (OR=1.586, p=0.013) as compared with those in the non-frontline group. No significant differences in depression status were found between the frontline and non-frontline groups (p=0.201).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the differential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on different grades of HCWs. This study suggests that frontline HCWs are disproportionally affected compared to non-frontline HCWs, with managing sleep–wake cycles and anxiety symptoms being highly endorsed among frontline HCWs. As psychosocial interventions are likely to be constrained owing to the pandemic, mental healthcare must first be directed to frontline HCWs.

scholarly journals Mental health among immigrants in Germany – the impact of self-attribution and attribution by others as an immigrant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Nesterko ◽  
Michael Friedrich ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Andreas Hinz ◽  
Heide Glaesmer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In Germany, the term ‘migration background' has been established to differentiate between immigrants and natives. In the present study post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression were analysed in immigrant populations in Germany by considering self-attribution as well as attribution by others on one’s own ‘migration background’. Methods In a population-based survey (N = 2317), socio-demographic characteristics, migration background (official statistics definition vs. self-attribution as well as the anticipated attribution by others), PTSD (PCL-5), symptoms of anxiety and depression (PHQ-4) were assessed. Logistic regression models were applied to predict mental health outcomes by considering socio-demographic and immigration-related factors. Results A total of 10.7% of the respondents (N = 248) had a ‘migration background’. Immigrants of the 2nd generation compared to 1st generation immigrants are less likely to see themselves as immigrants. Attribution as an immigrant (self and/or by others) was found as significant predictor for PTSD and depression, but not anxiety. Conclusions It seems useful to focus on immigration-related factors considering subjective perspectives and not only comparing immigrants and natives using a federal statistics definition. Our findings suggest that research on the association between immigration-related factors such as attribution as an immigrant and mental health outcomes might be a promising approach to better identify subgroups at higher risk of mental distress.

scholarly journals Does service timing matter for psychological outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation? Insights from the National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sumner ◽  
Jan R Böhnke ◽  
Patrick Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
National Audit

Background The presence of mental health conditions in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients such as anxiety and depression can lead to reduced programme adherence, increased mortality and increased re-occurrence of cardiovascular events undermining the aims and benefit of CR. Earlier research has identified a relationship between delayed commencement of CR and poorer physical activity outcomes. This study wished to explore whether a similar relationship between CR wait time and mental health outcomes can be found and to what degree participation in CR varies by mental health status. Methods Data from the UK National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation, a dataset that captures information on routine CR practice and patient outcomes, was extracted between 2012 and 2016. Logistic and multinomial regression models were used to explore the relationship between timing of CR and mental health outcomes measured on the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results The results of this study showed participation in CR varied by mental health status, particularly in relation to completion of CR, with a higher proportion of non-completers with symptoms of anxiety (5% higher) and symptoms of depression (8% higher). Regression analyses also revealed that delays to CR commencement significantly impact mental health outcomes post-CR. Conclusion In these analyses CR wait time has been shown to predict the outcome of anxiety and depression status to the extent that delays in starting CR are detrimental. Programmes falling outside the 4-week window for commencement of CR following referral must strive to reduce wait times to avoid negative impacts to patient outcome.

scholarly journals Self-perceived health status and mental health outcomes in young adults born with less than 1000 g

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Natalucci ◽  
J Becker ◽  
K Becher ◽  
GM Bickle ◽  
MA Landolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Perceived Health Status

scholarly journals Examining Associations between Community Health Worker-Rated Health and Mental Health among Latino Adults with Chronic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Kiera Coulter ◽  
Maia Ingram ◽  
Abby M. Lohr ◽  
Melanie L. Bell ◽  
Scott Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Latino Adults

Latinos with chronic disease often experience comorbid depression, but confront barriers to mental health treatment. Community health workers (CHWs) develop trusting relationships with the communities they serve, and may be uniquely positioned to identify Latinos with mental health care needs. Research has not examined whether their rating of clients’ health is indicative of their mental health. This mixed-methods study examines CHWs’ appraisals of Latino adults’ health and their relation to mental health outcomes, and explores factors informing CHWs’ rating of health status. The current study utilized baseline data from the Linking Individual Needs to Community and Clinical Services (LINKS) study. We assessed associations between CHW-rated health (CHWRH), or rating of health status as poor–excellent, and mental health outcomes with multilevel linear regression modelling. We qualitatively analyzed CHWs’ written perceptions of participants’ health status to understand what influenced their health rating. The quantitative results showed that CWHRH was significantly related to depressive symptoms and emotional problems severity. The qualitative results showed that CHWs took a holistic and ecological approach in rating health. The findings suggest that CHWRH could be indicative of mental health among Latino adults. Further studies investigating CHWRH as an independent indicator of mental health are warranted.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in Swiss Adolescent’s Mental Health Outcomes from before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12734
Author(s):  
Beyhan Ertanir ◽  
Wassilis Kassis ◽  
Ariana Garrote
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Home And School

This study aimed to explore changes in mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, home, and school stress) from before the first COVID-19 wave (autumn 2019) to the later stages of the same wave (autumn 2020) in a sample of N = 377 Swiss adolescents (Mage = 12.67; 47% female). It also examined whether students’ background characteristics (gender, immigrant status, and socio-economic status) and reported COVID-19 burden predicted students’ outcomes and their intra-individual changes. Student’s mental health, background characteristics, and reported COVID-19 burden were assessed by a self-report questionnaire. The intra-individual changes in students’ scores were estimated using random coefficients regression analyses, with time points nested in individuals. To examine the effects of predictors (students’ background characteristics and the reported COVID-19 burden) on outcome scores and changes, multilevel intercepts-and-slopes-as-outcomes models were used. The results showed that the expected impact of the pandemic on mental health was not noticeable in the later stages of the first COVID-19 wave. Only two effects were demonstrated in terms of intra-individual changes, namely, an effect of gender on depression and anxiety symptoms and an effect of reported COVID-19 burden on school stress symptoms. Moreover, few associations were found for selected predictors and students’ mean level scores, averaged across both time points.

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