scholarly journals Relative Handgrip Strength Diminishes the Negative Effects of Excess Adiposity on Dependence in Older Adults: A Moderation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Pérez-Sousa ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Fabrício Zambom-Ferraresi ◽  
Nicolás Martínez-Velilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
The Relationship

The adverse effects of fat mass on functional dependence might be attenuated or worsened, depending on the level of muscular strength. The aim of this study was to determine (i) the detrimental effect of excess adiposity on dependence in activities of daily living (ADL), and (ii) whether relative handgrip strength (HGS) moderates the adverse effect of excess adiposity on dependence, and to provide the threshold of relative HGS from which the adverse effect could be improved or worsened. A total of 4169 participants (69.3 ± 7.0 years old) from 244 municipalities were selected following a multistage area probability sampling design. Measurements included anthropometric/adiposity markers (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)), HGS, sarcopenia “proxy” (calf circumference), and ADL (Barthel Index scale). Moderation analyses were performed to identify associations between the independent variable (WHtR) and outcomes (dependence), as well as to determine whether relative HGS moderates the relationship between excess adiposity and dependence. The present study demonstrated that (i) the adverse effect of having a higher WHtR level on dependence in ADL was moderated by relative HGS, and (ii) two moderation thresholds of relative HGS were estimated: 0.35, below which the adverse effect of WHtR levels on dependency is aggravated, and 0.62, above which the adverse effect of fat on dependency could be improved. Because muscular strength represents a critically important and modifiable predictor of ADL, and the increase in adiposity is inherent in aging, our results underscore the importance of an optimal level of relative HGS in the older adult population.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL MATURATION AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH: MEDIATION ANALYSIS IN PREPUBESCENT GIRLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gomes de Oliveira Luz ◽  
Tatiana Durão D`Ávila Luz ◽  
João Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
João Pedro Duarte ◽  
André Filipe Teixeira e Seabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medicine Ball

ABSTRACT Introduction: Biological maturation has been related to the level of physical activity and motor competence of children. Objectives: This study aimed to: 1) analyze the association between biological maturation and performance in muscular strength tests and 2) examine whether the relationship between maturation and performance in physical tests is mediated by anthropometric variables. Method: The sample was composed of 71 eight-year-old Brazilian girls. Anthropometry considered stature, body mass, waist circumference, estimated fat mass and fat-free mass. Biological maturation was assessed based on the percentage of predicted adult stature. The physical tests consisted of 2-kg medicine ball throw, handgrip strength, sit-ups and standing long jump. Pearson’s correlation test was conducted between the study variables and the last stage consisted of a causal mediation analysis. Results: Biological maturation was significantly associated with the 2-kg medicine ball throw (r=0.52) and handgrip strength (r=0.42) tests. In the 2-kg medicine ball throw, the relationship with maturation was mediated by body mass (total mediation, Sobel’s Test = 2.214, p<0.05) and by estimated lean mass (total mediation; Sobel’s Test = 3.146, p<0.001). In the handgrip strength test, body mass was the only mediating variable (total mediation; Sobel’s Test = 2.251, p<0.05). Conclusions: Advanced maturational status appears to contribute to the performance of prepubescent girls in muscular strength tests in which there is no translocation of total or partial body mass. It is recommended that studies be conducted in other age groups. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Pedometer-Determined Ambulatory Activity and Balance Variables Within an Older Adult Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 233372141668191
Author(s):  
Candice Campbell ◽  
Jeff Kress ◽  
Jan Schroeder ◽  
Ayla Donlin ◽  
Ralph Rozenek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Ambulatory Activity ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
The Relationship

Aging, isometric strength and endurance, and cardiovascular responses to static effort

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Petrofsky ◽  
A. R. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Static Effort ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies on the relationship of age to isometric muscular strength are few, on isometric endurance rare, and on the physiological responses to static effort nonexistent. This investigation assessed the maximal handgrip strength, the duration of a fatiguing handgrip contraction at a tension of 40% of maximal strength and the heart rate and blood pressure during that contraction of 100 men aged from 22 to 62 yr. The subjects of this study were all men employed in a machine shop for a large aircraft corporation. The homogeneity of their occupations may well explain why, unlike previous reports, we found no change in muscular strength or muscular endurance with age. However, although heart rate increased during the contraction in all subjects, the increase in heart rate was greater in younger men. In contrast, while both systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased during the contraction in all subjects, the largest increase in systolic blood pressure was attained by the men in the older decades; there was no difference due to age in the diastolic blood pressures. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals The Association Between Balance and Muscular Strength in Healthy Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Mariah Gleeson ◽  
Mathew Mallet ◽  
Elise Brown
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Relationship

With aging, there are natural physiological declines, such as decreased neuromuscular function, muscular strength, and balance, often preceding a fall, which is indicated as a public health issue. Nevertheless, young adults do not experience such natural declines as rapidly yet encounter falls that may lead to musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between postural sway and muscular strength in healthy young adults using gold-standard measurements. The study consisted of thirty-nine healthy adults (mean age 20.8 ± 2.8 years, mean body mass 78.4 ± 17.3 kg.), with no known muscular or bone deficits, uncontrolled medical conditions, high blood pressure, or contraindications to exercise. Static balance was assessed using force plates, measuring vision, vestibular, and proprioception contributions toward balance. Grip strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer. After 48 hours, upper and lower body strengths were assessed using a one-repetition maximum bench press and leg press, respectively. To control for effects of body mass on strength, strength measurements were normalized, then transformed into z-scores. The average of the z-scores was computed to form a muscular strength index. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to determine the relationship between balance and strength, while controlling for age and sex. The p-value was set at < 0.05. A negative moderate correlation was found between the proprioceptive contribution toward balance and normalized handgrip strength (r = -0.434, p < 0.05). There were no other significant relationships between postural sway and strength measurements. Our findings indicate that who possess higher handgrip strength may have better balance, however longitudinal studies are needed to determine a causal effect. The lack of association between postural sway and other strength measures suggests that these parameters are independent of each other and may require a separate training form.

scholarly journals Glucose Levels as a Mediator of the Detrimental Effect of Abdominal Obesity on Relative Handgrip Strength in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2323
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Pérez-Sousa ◽  
Jesús del Pozo-Cruz ◽  
Carlos A. Cano-Gutiérrez ◽  
Atilio J. Ferrebuz ◽  
Carolina Sandoval-Cuellar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
The Relationship

Excess central adiposity accelerates the decline of muscle strength in older people. Additionally, hyperglycemia, independent of associated comorbidities, is related to the loss of muscle mass and strength, and contributes to functional impairment in older adults. We studied the mediation effect of glucose levels, in the relationship between abdominal obesity and relative handgrip strength (HGS). A total of 1571 participants (60.0% women, mean age 69.1 ± 7.0 years) from 86 municipalities were selected following a multistage area probability sampling design. Measurements included demographic and anthropometric/adiposity markers (weight, height, body mass index, and waist circumference). HGS was measured using a digital dynamometer for three sets and the mean value was recorded. The values were normalized to body weight (relative HGS). Fasting glucose was analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Mediation analyses were performed to identify associations between the independent variable (abdominal obesity) and outcomes (relative HGS), as well as to determine whether fasting glucose levels mediated the relationship between excess adiposity and relative HGS. A total of 1239 (78.8%) had abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity had a negative effect on fasting glucose (β = 9.04, 95%CI = 5.87 to 12.21); while fasting glucose to relative HGS was inversely related (β = −0.003, 95%CI = −0.005 to −0.001), p < 0.001. The direct effect of abdominal obesity on relative HGS was statistically significant (β = −0.069, 95%CI = −0.082 to −0.057), p < 0.001. Lastly, fasting glucose levels mediates the detrimental effect of abdominal obesity on relative HGS (indirect effect β = −0.002, 95%CI = −0.004 to −0.001), p < 0.001. Our results suggest that the glucose level could worsen the association between abdominal obesity status and lower HGS. Thus, it is plausible to consider fasting glucose levels when assessing older adults with excess adiposity and/or suspected loss of muscle mass.

Retrospective analysis of the resilience of Russian regions as socio-economic systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Klimanov ◽  
Sofiya М. Kazakova ◽  
Anna A. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the impact of various socio-economic and financial indicators on the resilience of Russian regions. For each region, the integral index of resilience is calculated, and its correlation dependence with the selected indicators is revealed. The study confirms the relationship between fiscal resilience and socio-economic resilience of the regions. The analysis of panel data for 75 regions from 2007 to 2016 shows that there are significant differences in the dynamics of indicators in different periods. In particular, the degree of exposure to the negative effects of the crises of 2008—2009 and 2014—2015 in non-resilient regions is higher than in resilient ones.

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