scholarly journals Bacterial Colonization within the First Six Weeks of Life and Pulmonary Outcome in Preterm Infants <1000 g

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Tina Lauer ◽  
Judith Behnke ◽  
Frank Oehmke ◽  
Johanna Baecker ◽  
Katrin Gentil ◽  
...  

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease mainly provoked by pre- and postnatal infections, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen toxicity. In severely affected premature infants requiring mechanical ventilation, association of bacterial colonization of the lung and BPD was recently disclosed. To analyze the impact of bacterial colonization of the upper airway and gastrointestinal tract on moderate/severe BPD, we retrospectively analyzed nasopharyngeal and anal swabs taken weekly during the first 6 weeks of life at a single center in n = 102 preterm infants <1000 g. Colonization mostly occurred between weeks 2 and 6 and displayed a high diversity requiring categorization. Analyses of deviance considering all relevant confounders revealed statistical significance solely for upper airway colonization with bacteria with pathogenic potential and moderate/severe BPD (p = 0.0043) while no link could be established to the Gram response or the gastrointestinal tract. Our data highlight that specific colonization of the upper airway poses a risk to the immature lung. These data are not surprising taking into account the tremendous impact of microbial axes on health and disease across ages. We suggest that studies on upper airway colonization using predefined categories represent a feasible approach to investigate the impact on the pulmonary outcome in ventilated and non-ventilated preterm infants.

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Klymiuk ◽  
Georg Singer ◽  
Christoph Castellani ◽  
Slave Trajanoski ◽  
Beate Obermüller ◽  
...  

Environmental factors, including nutritional habits or birth mode, are known key determinants for intestinal microbial composition. Investigations of the intestinal microbiome in different species in a multiplicity of studies during recent decades have revealed differential microbial patterns and quantities along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Characterization of the microbial pattern in various aspects is a prerequisite for nutritional interventions. In this 16S rRNA amplicon-based approach, we present a characterization of the mucosa-associated microbiome in comparison with the luminal community of four infants at the time of the closure of ileostomies and perform a systematic characterization of the corresponding luminal and mucosal microbiome from jejunal, ileal and colonic regions, as well as collected feces in mice. The most dominant taxa in infant-derived samples altered due to individual differences, and in the mucosa, Enterococcus, Clostridiumsensustricto1, Veillonella, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were the most abundant. Two less abundant taxa differed significantly between the mucosa and lumen. In murine samples, relative abundances differed significantly, mainly between the intestinal regions. Significant differences between mouse mucosa- and lumen-derived samples could be found in the observed species with a trend to lower estimated diversity in mucosa-derived samples, as well as in the relative abundance of individual taxa. In this study, we examined the difference between the mucosal and luminal bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in a small sample cohort of preterm infants. Individual differences were characterized and statistical significance was reached in two taxa (Cupriavidus, Ralstonia). The corresponding study on the different murine intestinal regions along the GI tract showed differences all over the intestinal region.


1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Stevenson ◽  
Susan M. Shahin ◽  
Clinton R. Ostrander ◽  
John A. Kerner ◽  
Ronald S. Cohen ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariele Pinto Coelho ◽  
Raquel Aparecida Monteiro e Vieira ◽  
Monica Aparecida Leite ◽  
Thabata Coaglio Lucas

Objetivo: verificar o impacto dos bundles e o aprendizado interprofissional na prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica de uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Método: estudo quasi-experimental realizado em uma UTI de um hospital público de Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Foram incluídos neste estudo 56 profissionais que prestavam assistência direta a pacientes em ventilação mecânica. A coleta de dados ocorreu em três fases: pré-intervenção, que consistiu em observação direta e entrevista; intervenção, na qual o treinamento foi realizado por meio de simulações clínicas; e pós-intervenção, na qual foi avaliado o impacto das estratégias implementadas por observação direta. As diferenças entre os grupos pré- e pós-intervenção foram avaliadas pelo teste de McNemar. Foi utilizado um nível alfa de 0,05 definido a priori, e a correção de Bonferroni determinou significância estatística para o caso de comparações múltiplas. Resultados: após a intervenção, houve aumento da adesão à pressão endotraqueal do cuff (8,10%), interrupção diária da sedação (16,67%), e aspiração subglótica (18,75%). As associações entre categoria profissional versus ausência de aspiração, posicionamento da cabeceira da cama, frequência de higiene bucal, e tipo de higiene das mãos após a intervenção foram significativas (p < 0,0083). Conclusões: ainda existe uma lacuna a ser detectada na implementação do bundle e o impacto positivo gerado pelo conhecimento interprofissional, principalmente porque não é imediato, mas a longo prazo, para obter o feedback desejado.Palavras-chave: Pneumonia Associada a Ventilação; Bundles de Assistência ao Paciente; Controle de infecção; Melhoria da qualidade; Vigilância em saúde pública; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.THE IMPACT OF THE INTERPROFESSIONAL LEARNING IN VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA: BUNDLES IMPLEMENTATION IN AN INTENSIVE CARE UNITObjective: to verify the impact of the bundles and the interprofessional learning for the prevention of mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia of an intensive care unit (ICU). Method: This was a quasi-experimental study performed in an ICU of a public hospital in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Were included in this study 56 professionals who provided direct assistance to patients in mechanical ventilation. The data collection took place in three phases: pre-intervention, which consisted of direct observation and interview; intervention, in which training was performed through clinical simulations; and post-intervention, in which the impact of the strategies implemented through direct observation, was evaluated. Differences between pre and post groups were assessed using McNemar’s test. An alpha level of 0.05 set a priori was used, and a Bonferroni correction determined statistical significance for the case of multiple comparisons. Results: After the intervention, there was increased adherence to endotracheal cuff pressure (8.10%), daily interruption of sedation (16.67%) and subglottic aspiration (18.75%). It was significant (p < 0,0083) in the associations between the professional category versus non-aspiration, bed head positioning, oral hygiene frequency and the type of hand hygiene after intervention. Conclusions: There is still a gap to be detected in the bundle implementation and the positive impact generated by the inter-professional knowledge, mainly because it is not immediate but in the long term to obtain the desired feedback.Keywords: Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Patient Care Bundles; Infection Control; Quality Improvement; Public health surveillance;  Intensive Care Units.EL IMPACTO DEL APRENDIZAJE INTERPROFESIONAL EN LA NEUMONÍA ASOCIADA A VENTILADORES: APLICACIÓN DE PAQUETES EN UNA UNIDAD DE ATENCIÓN INTENSIVAObjetivo: verificar el impacto de los bundles y el aprendizaje interprofesional para la prevención de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica de una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Método: Este fue un estudio cuasi experimental realizado en una UCI de un hospital público en Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Se incluyeron en este estudio 56 profesionales que prestaron asistencia directa a los pacientes en ventilación mecánica. La recolección de datos se realizó en tres fases: pre-intervención, que consistió en observación directa y entrevista; intervención, en la cual se realizó entrenamiento por medio de simulaciones clínicas; y post-intervención, en que se evaluó el impacto de las estrategias de observación directa. Las diferencias entre los grupos pre y post se evaluaron mediante la prueba de McNemar. Se usó un nivel alfa de 0,05 a priori, y se usó una corrección de Bonferroni para determinar la significación estadística en el caso de comparaciones múltiples. Resultados: Después de la intervención, hubo aumento de la adhesión al monitoreo de la presión del cuff endotraqueal (8,10%), interrupción diaria de la sedación (16,67%) y aspiración subglótica (18,75%). Fue significativa (p < 0,0083) las asociaciones entre la categoría profesional frente a la no aspiración, la posición de la cabecera de la cama, la frecuencia de higiene oral y el tipo de higiene de las manos después de la intervención. Conclusiones: Aún existe una laguna a ser detectada en la implantación del bundle y el impacto positivo generado por el conocimiento interprofesional, principalmente por no ser inmediato, pero a largo plazo, para obtener el feedback deseado.Descriptores: Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador; Paquetes de Atención al Paciente; Control de Infecciones; Mejoramiento de la Calidad; Vigilancia en Salud Pública; Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos


Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Stacey Chi-Yan Lo ◽  
Risha Bhatia ◽  
Calum T. Roberts

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Exposure to mechanical ventilation (MV) is a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very preterm infants (VPTIs). We assessed the impact of a quality improvement (QI) bundle in VPTIs (&#x3c;32 week gestation) on exposure to MV. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We introduced a QI bundle consisting of deferred cord clamping (DCC), nasal bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) in the delivery room (DR), and minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST). We compared respiratory outcomes and neonatal morbidity in historical pre-QI (July–December 2017) and prospective post-QI (February–July 2019) cohorts (QICs) of VPTIs. We pre-specified an adjusted analysis to account for the effects of gestational age, sex, antenatal steroids, and any demographic data that significantly differed between cohorts. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The pre-QI and post-QICs included 87 and 98 VPTIs, respectively. The post-QIC had decreased rates of MV in the DR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.71), in the first 72 h of life (aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11–0.62) and during admission (aOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12–0.66). Rates of BPD, combined BPD/death, and BPD severity were similar. The post-QIC was less likely to be discharged with home oxygen (aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08–0.91). Necrotising enterocolitis grade ≥2 increased (aOR 19.01, 95% CI 1.93–188.6) in the post-QIC. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this rapid-cycle QI study, implementation of a QI bundle consisting of DCC, early nasal bCPAP, and MIST in VPTIs was associated with reduced rates of MV in the DR, in the first 72 h of life and during admission, and reduced need for home oxygen.


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Youstina Hanna ◽  
Corinne Laliberté ◽  
Nadya Ben Fadel ◽  
Brigitte Lemyre ◽  
Bernard Thébaud ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Recent clinical practice changes in neonatal care resulted in higher, narrower oxygen saturation target ranges for preterm infants. The effect of targeting higher or lower oxygen saturations on respiratory outcomes of preterm infants and duration of hospitalization has not been extensively reviewed in the context of current care, but could have significant implications. Methods A multicentre retrospective cohort of 145 preterm infants was conducted; 105 had lower oxygen saturation targets (88 to 92%), 40 had higher targets (90 to 95%). The primary outcome was bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Secondary outcomes included duration of invasive/noninvasive respiratory support, oxygen therapy, and hospitalization. The primary outcome was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Secondary outcomes were evaluated with survival analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results The difference in incidence of BPD in the lower (N=56, 53.3%) and higher saturation groups (N=14, 35.0%) was not statistically significant (relative risk [RR]=0.66 [0.41, 1.04], P=0.06). The difference in duration of mechanical ventilation in the lower (median 7.8 days, interquartile range [IQR] 3.7 to 15.9) and higher saturation groups (median 4.5, IQR 1.9 to 12.3) approached statistical significance (P=0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the durations of other respiratory supports or hospital stay between the two groups. Conclusions The results of this study approached statistical significance and suggest that higher, narrower oxygen saturation targets may result in a clinically important reduction in BPD incidence and duration of mechanical ventilation. These results require validation in a larger sample to refine optimal targets.


Author(s):  
Vinzenz Boos ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Mi-Young Cho ◽  
Joachim Photiadis ◽  
Felix Berger

AbstractPrematurity is a risk factor for adverse outcomes after arterial switch operation in newborns with d-TGA (d-TGA). In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of prematurity on postnatal and perioperative clinical management, morbidity, and mortality during hospitalization in neonates with simple and complex d-TGA who received arterial switch operation (ASO). Monocentric retrospective analysis of 100 newborns with d-TGA. Thirteen infants (13.0%) were born premature. Preterm infants required significantly more frequent mechanical ventilation in the delivery room (69.2% vs. 34.5%, p = 0.030) and during the preoperative course (76.9% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.014). Need for inotropic support (30.8% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.035) and red blood cell transfusions (46.2% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.004) was likewise increased. Preoperative mortality (23.1% vs 0.0%, p = 0.002) was significantly increased in preterm infants, with necrotizing enterocolitis as cause of death in two of three infants. In contrast, mortality during and after surgery did not differ significantly between the two groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass times were similar in both groups (median 275 vs. 263 min, p = 0.322). After ASO, arterial lactate (34.5 vs. 21.5 mg/dL, p = 0.007), duration of mechanical ventilation (median 175 vs. 106 h, p = 0.038), and venous thrombosis (40.0% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.004) were increased in preterm, as compared to term infants. Gestational age (adjusted unit odds ratio 0.383, 95% confidence interval 0.179–0.821, p = 0.014) was independently associated with mortality. Prematurity is associated with increased perioperative morbidity and increased preoperative mortality in d-TGA patients.


2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Donald E Cutlip ◽  

Coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes is frequently a diffuse process with multivessel involvement and is associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction and death. The role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with diabetes and multivessel disease who require revascularisation has been debated and remains uncertain. The debate has been continued mainly because of the question to what degree an increased risk for in-stent restenosis among patients with diabetes contributes to other late adverse outcomes. This article reviews outcomes from early trials of balloon angioplasty versus CABG through later trials of bare-metal stents versus CABG and more recent data with drug-eluting stents as the comparator. Although not all studies have been powered to show statistical significance, the results have been generally consistent with a mortality benefit for CABG versus PCI, despite differential risks for restenosis with the various PCI approaches. The review also considers the impact of mammary artery grafting of the left anterior descending artery and individual case selection on these results, and proposes an algorithm for selection of patients in whom PCI remains a reasonable strategy.


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