Breath hydrogen in preterm infants: Correlation with changes in bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Stevenson ◽  
Susan M. Shahin ◽  
Clinton R. Ostrander ◽  
John A. Kerner ◽  
Ronald S. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Breath Hydrogen

scholarly journals Characterization of the Luminal and Mucosa-Associated Microbiome along the Gastrointestinal Tract: Results from Surgically Treated Preterm Infants and a Murine Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Klymiuk ◽  
Georg Singer ◽  
Christoph Castellani ◽  
Slave Trajanoski ◽  
Beate Obermüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Microbial Composition

Environmental factors, including nutritional habits or birth mode, are known key determinants for intestinal microbial composition. Investigations of the intestinal microbiome in different species in a multiplicity of studies during recent decades have revealed differential microbial patterns and quantities along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Characterization of the microbial pattern in various aspects is a prerequisite for nutritional interventions. In this 16S rRNA amplicon-based approach, we present a characterization of the mucosa-associated microbiome in comparison with the luminal community of four infants at the time of the closure of ileostomies and perform a systematic characterization of the corresponding luminal and mucosal microbiome from jejunal, ileal and colonic regions, as well as collected feces in mice. The most dominant taxa in infant-derived samples altered due to individual differences, and in the mucosa, Enterococcus, Clostridiumsensustricto1, Veillonella, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were the most abundant. Two less abundant taxa differed significantly between the mucosa and lumen. In murine samples, relative abundances differed significantly, mainly between the intestinal regions. Significant differences between mouse mucosa- and lumen-derived samples could be found in the observed species with a trend to lower estimated diversity in mucosa-derived samples, as well as in the relative abundance of individual taxa. In this study, we examined the difference between the mucosal and luminal bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in a small sample cohort of preterm infants. Individual differences were characterized and statistical significance was reached in two taxa (Cupriavidus, Ralstonia). The corresponding study on the different murine intestinal regions along the GI tract showed differences all over the intestinal region.

scholarly journals Bacterial Colonization within the First Six Weeks of Life and Pulmonary Outcome in Preterm Infants <1000 g

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Tina Lauer ◽  
Judith Behnke ◽  
Frank Oehmke ◽  
Johanna Baecker ◽  
Katrin Gentil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Airway Colonization

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease mainly provoked by pre- and postnatal infections, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen toxicity. In severely affected premature infants requiring mechanical ventilation, association of bacterial colonization of the lung and BPD was recently disclosed. To analyze the impact of bacterial colonization of the upper airway and gastrointestinal tract on moderate/severe BPD, we retrospectively analyzed nasopharyngeal and anal swabs taken weekly during the first 6 weeks of life at a single center in n = 102 preterm infants <1000 g. Colonization mostly occurred between weeks 2 and 6 and displayed a high diversity requiring categorization. Analyses of deviance considering all relevant confounders revealed statistical significance solely for upper airway colonization with bacteria with pathogenic potential and moderate/severe BPD (p = 0.0043) while no link could be established to the Gram response or the gastrointestinal tract. Our data highlight that specific colonization of the upper airway poses a risk to the immature lung. These data are not surprising taking into account the tremendous impact of microbial axes on health and disease across ages. We suggest that studies on upper airway colonization using predefined categories represent a feasible approach to investigate the impact on the pulmonary outcome in ventilated and non-ventilated preterm infants.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous chlorhexidine on skin colonization with gram negative bacteria in preterm infants admitted in NICU: a blinded RCT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha M. Balachandran ◽  
Mangala Bharathi S. ◽  
Kumutha J.
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Skin Colonization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Aqueous chlorhexidine applied repeatedly may predispose to increased gram negative bacterial colonization in preterm skin due to its higher bactericidal action against gram positive bacteria and absence of alcohol. The objective was to study the difference in rates of gram negative bacterial colonization in skin swabs taken from axilla and groin on day 7 after multiple applications of 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine and placebo (sterile water).Methods: Double blinded, randomised controlled trial recruiting preterm infants(28-34weeks) weighing ≥1000grams, stratified(28-31:32-34week) and randomly allocated to receive multiple body cleansing every 48hours starting from 6hours within birth during first postnatal week. Intervention group received cleansing with 0.5%chlorhexidine wipes and controls cleansed with similar looking sterile water wipes. Comparison of Proportions of swabs showing Gram negative bacterial growth in swabs taken from axilla and groin on day 7 of life after 3 cleansings (primary), at recruitment, 24 and 48 hours after first cleansing (secondary) were outcomes measured.Results: Of 137 eligible neonates, 120 enrolled and 59 infants received chlorhexidine cleansing and 61 received sterile water. At the end of first week, the rate of skin colonization with gram negative bacteria after multiple applications of 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine was comparable with sterile water cleansing in both axilla (40.9% vs 51.1%, p=0.432) and groin (60.7% vs 54.3%, p=0.592). There was no difference in the rate of gram negative bacterial colonization in axilla and groin skin at 24 and 48 hours after single application also.Conclusions: Aqueous chlorhexidine even after multiple cleansings at 48hours intervals soon after birth has not predisposed to colonization with gram negative bacterial in preterm infants admitted in NICU.

scholarly journals Evolution of Resting Energy Expenditure, Respiratory Quotient, and Adiposity in Infants Recovering from Corrective Surgery of Major Congenital Gastrointestinal Tract Anomalies: A Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3093
Author(s):  
Luís Pereira-da-Silva ◽  
Susana Barradas ◽  
Ana Catarina Moreira ◽  
Marta Alves ◽  
Ana Luisa Papoila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Corrective Surgery ◽  
Resting Energy

This cohort study describes the evolution of resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and adiposity in infants recovering from corrective surgery of major congenital gastrointestinal tract anomalies. Energy and macronutrient intakes were assessed. The REE and RQ were assessed by indirect calorimetry, and fat mass index (FMI) was assessed by air displacement plethysmography. Longitudinal variations over time are described. Explanatory models for REE, RQ, and adiposity were obtained by multiple linear regression analysis. Twenty-nine infants were included, 15 born preterm and 14 at term, with median gestational age of 35.3 and 38.1 weeks and birth weight of 2304 g and 2935 g, respectively. In preterm infants, median REE varied between 55.7 and 67.4 Kcal/kg/d and median RQ increased from 0.70 to 0.86–0.92. In term infants, median REE varied between 57.3 and 67.9 Kcal/kg/d and median RQ increased from 0.63 to 0.84–0.88. Weight gain velocity was slower in term than preterm infants. FMI, assessed in a subset of 15 infants, varied between a median of 1.7 and 1.8 kg/m2 at term age. This low adiposity may be related to poor energy balance, low fat intakes, and low RQ¸ that were frequently recorded in several follow-up periods.

The Role of Probiotics in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Trivić ◽  
Ana Savić Mlakar ◽  
Iva Hojsak
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Considerable Benefit ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a frequent and severe life-threatening disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract of preterm infants. Given that NEC occurs in a well-defined population of patients, there might be a considerable benefit in identifying specific pharmacological and nutritional preventive strategies, that could reduce the incidence of NEC. Amongst nutritional strategies emphasis has been put on the use of probiotics. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize currently available evidence on the role of probiotics in general, as well as the role of specific probiotic strains or their combinations, in the prevention of NEC.

Preparation of Microencapsulated Symbiotic Complex of Probiotics based on Lactobacillus helveticus using Alginate and Chitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
D.K. Toropov ◽  
T.S. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Aggressive Environment ◽  
Aggressive Action ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Complex Equipment ◽  
Extrusion Method

Various technologies for producing different forms of probiotic preparations including Vitaflor have been compared. This preparation was created based on two symbiotic Lactobacillus helveticus strains, D-75 and D-76, with proven effects of syntrophy and synergism. It is produced in the form of freeze-dried lactobacilli biomass. It was shown that the biological activity of Vitaflor in an aggressive environment of the gastrointestinal tract (GET) was reduced to a level that excluded both bacterial colonization and therapeutic effect. Alginate-chitosan microcapsules containing the Vitaflor symbiotic complex protected the microorganisms from the aggressive action of the GET medium and provided their time-controlled release. The emulsion encapsulation turned out to be most effective: the protection of live lactobacilli was 5 orders of magnitude higher than that in the Vitaflor preparation and 3 orders of magnitude higher than with the extrusion method of obtaining microcapsules. The emulsion encapsulation developed for Vitaflor can be applied to other microorganisms; the technique is rather simple, easily scalable and does not require complex equipment. probiotics, Lactobacillus helveticus, microencapsulation technology, natural polysaccharides, alginate, chitosan

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