scholarly journals Effects of Initial Periodontal Therapy on Heat Shock Protein 70 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Periodontitis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Nobuhisa Furuse ◽  
Hideki Takai ◽  
Yorimasa Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Shock Proteins

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of periodontium which is caused by periodontopathic bacteria. Moreover, various cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 are expressed in the inflamed periodontium. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) protect cells from abnormal conditions including inflammation, microbial infection and diseases. The 70-kDa HSPs (HSP70s) are major HSPs that express in the inflamed tissues. In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure the levels of HSP70 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from two periodontal pockets in each of 10 patients with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis. Sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≤3 mm were named the healthy control (HC) sites, and sites with PPD of ≥5 mm were named the diseased sites. HSP70 levels in GCF were expressed higher at diseased sites than at HC sites, and decreased after initial periodontal therapy at diseased sites. These results suggest the association of HSP70 with the stage of periodontitis.

scholarly journals GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
SM Apoorva ◽  
Divya Bhat ◽  
Akanksha Garg ◽  
A Suchetha ◽  
N Sapna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Background The literature suggests that periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus share a two-way relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes with different glycemic controls. Methods Ninety patients were included in the study and were divided into five groups based on CPI scores and ADA classification of diabetes. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured in all the subjects. GCF was collected from all the participants using micropipettes. ADM levels were measured in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results showed higher levels of ADM in patients with periodontitis as compared to healthy group. Significant correlation was present between PPD and CAL and ADM levels in all periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Increase in GCF levels of ADM from periodontal health to disease and in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes with the worsening of glycemic control underlines the possible role of ADM in mounting a protective response to worsening disease state. How to cite this article Garg A, Suchetha A, Sapna N, Apoorva SM, Bhat D, Puzhankara L. GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study. World J Dent 2014;5(1):42-46.

scholarly journals Origin of MMP-8 and Lactoferrin levels from gingival crevicular fluid, salivary glands and whole saliva

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza L. Ramenzoni ◽  
Deborah Hofer ◽  
Alex Solderer ◽  
Daniel Wiedemeier ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Active Matrix ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Biomarker Testing ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Background Pathologically elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and Lactoferrin in oral fluids have been associated with the presence of gingivitis/periodontitis. This study aimed to assess the origin of MMP-8 and Lactoferrin in periodontitis patients and to identify the degree to which conventional clinical parameters correlate with their presence. Methods A total of ten periodontitis and ten healthy patients were included in this study. Whole saliva (stimulated and unstimulated), parotid/sublingual glandular fluid and gingival crevicular fluid from pockets and sulci were tested for MMP-8 and Lactoferrin and protein concentrations were quantified using an ELISA assay. Clinical parameters were checked for potential associations with MMP-8 and Lactoferrin levels. Results Periodontal patients presented higher concentrations of MMP-8 and Lactoferrin in pockets than other sources (P = 0.03). Lactoferrin measurement was higher in the parotid compared to sublingual glandular fluid in periodontitis patients (P = 0.03). Increased probing pocket depth was positively correlated with high MMP-8 and Lactoferrin levels. Conclusions Periodontal pockets appear to be the major source of active matrix metalloproteinase and Lactoferrin, which also may also enter the oral cavity through the salivary glands. Since clinically healthy sites in periodontitis patients also had elevated biomarker levels, gingival crevicular fluid biomarker testing may be more predictive of future tissue breakdown than conventional clinical parameters.

scholarly journals Folate-receptor 1 level in periodontal disease: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Alkan ◽  
Berrak Guven ◽  
Cigdem Coskun Turer ◽  
Umut Balli ◽  
Murat Can
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Folate Receptor ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1) levels in subjects with different periodontal status. Methods The study consists of three groups: Healthy group (n = 15), gingivitis group (n = 15) and chronic periodontitis group (n = 15). Clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed. GCF and serum samples were collected from each patient and were analyzed FOLR1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The values of FOLR1 in GCF were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups than among patient in control group (p < 0.016). Serum FOLR1 levels showed no significant difference between the groups. A significant correlation was observed between FOLR1 levels of GCF and BOP (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our preliminary data suggest that FOLR1 is not useful in monitoring the periodontal disease. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role, regulation and function of folate and it’s receptors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid and Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Pradeep Patel ◽  
Nishanth S. Rao ◽  
A. R. Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: Plasma glutathione peroxidase (eGPx) is an important selenium containing antioxidant in human defense against oxidative stress. While crevicular fluid (GCF) eGPx levels and its association with periodontal disease is well documented, there is no data on correlation of GCF and serum eGPx levels in chronic periodontitis. Hence this study was undertaken to further probe into the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases and effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) by correlating GCF and serum levels of eGPx.Materials and methods: Thirty subjects (16-Males and 14-Females; age: 30–38 years) participated in the study. The subjects were divided, based on gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level into: Healthy (group-1,n=10), Gingivitis (group-2,n=10) and Periodontitis (group-3,n=10). Chronic periodontitis patients after NSPT constituted group 4. GCF and serum samples collected from each subject were quantified for eGPx levels using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay.Results: The mean eGPx concentrations increased from health (14.01 ng/μl and 78.26 ng/ml) to gingivitis (22.86 ng/μl and 90.44 ng/ml) and then to periodontitis (29.89 ng/μl and 103.43 ng/ml), in GCF and serum respectively. After NSPT, there was statistically significant reduction in eGPx concentration in GCF and serum (19.41 ng/μl and 85.21 ng/ml). Further, all the GCF eGPx values showed a positive correlation to that of serum eGPx level.Conclusion: Thus, increased eGPx concentration in GCF can be considered as an indicator of local increase in oxidative stress. While, increase in serum eGPx levels indicates that periodontal disease can also lead to increased oxidative stress at the systemic level.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of non-surgical treatment to reduce il-18 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontal disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Oliveira de Campos ◽  
Ricardo Guimarães Fischer ◽  
Anders Gustafsson ◽  
Carlos Marcelo da Silva Figueredo
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Attachment Level ◽  
Gingival Fluid ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-surgical periodontal treatment in reducing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites. Fourteen patients with periodontal disease were included, being 9 patients with chronic periodontitis (mean age: 48.8 SD ± 7.4 years) and 5 patients with gingivitis (mean age: 43.6 SD ± 11.8). The patients were divided in the following groups: gingivitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites GP), periodontitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites PP), and gingivitis sites from gingivitis patients (sites GG). Probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (AL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded, and gingival fluid samples were collected. The subjects received non-surgical treatment and were re-evaluated 30 days after treatment (day 30 AT). There was a significant reduction in PI in GG (1.0 ± 0.4 to 0.5 ± 0.2), GP (1.2 ± 0.3 to 0.5 ± 0.3), and in PP (1.3 ± 0.4 to 0.7 ± 0.3) 30 AT. There was also a significant reduction in the GI in GG (1.3 ± 0.3 to 0.7 ± 0.4). PPD reduced significantly in GG (2.4 ± 0.6 to 1.9 ± 0.1), and PP (6.7 ± 1.1 to 5.2 ± 0.9) 30 AT. When all the samples were analyzed together, there was a significant reduction in IL-18 (12.9 ± 7.2 to 10.0 ± 3.1). This study showed that non-surgical treatment was effective in reducing GCF levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites.

scholarly journals Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Levels in Chronic Periodontitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschalina Goutoudi ◽  
Evdoxia Diza ◽  
Malamatenia Arvanitidou
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyse the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis prior to and following surgical and/or nonsurgical periodontal therapy for a period of 32 weeks.Methods. GCF samples were obtained from 24 nondiseased and 72 diseased sites of 12 periodontal patients prior to as well as at 6, 16, and 32 weeks following non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy. IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. Periodontal treatment improved all clinical parameters. Both treatment modalities resulted in similar IL-6 as well as IL-8 levels. Mean IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher in non-diseased compared to diseased sites and increased significantly following treatment in diseased sites. Mean total amounts of IL-6 and IL-8 (TAIL-6, TAIL-8) did not differ significantly between diseased and nondiseased sites, while following therapy TAIL-8 levels decreased significantly.Conclusions. The data suggest that periodontal therapy reduced the levels of IL-8 in GCF. However, a strong relationship between IL-6, IL-8 amounts in GCF and periodontal destruction and inflammation was not found.

scholarly journals BETA GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITY IN DIABETES ASSOCIATED PERIODONTITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1230
Author(s):  
Gawali S ◽  
◽  
Padhye A ◽  
Chavan P ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for development of periodontal disease with progressive periodontal destruction seen in diabetic patients. Advances in oral and periodontal disease diagnostic research are moving towards methods whereby periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures such as biomarkers. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of beta glucuronidase activity as an enzymatic biomarker of periodontal tissue destruction in patients of Diabetes mellitus associated with Periodontitis. β Glucuronidase activitywas estimated in saliva, GCF (Gingival Crevicular Fluid) and serum in healthy subjects and patients with Diabetes mellitus, Periodontitis and Diabetes associated periodontitis. Enzyme activity was compared with clinical parameters like Probing pocket depth, Plaque Index and Gingival Index. It was maximally raised in diabetic cases with periodontitis. Enzyme activity was found to be highest in crevicular fluid compared to saliva and serum. However, serum Glucuronidase correlated significantly with clinical indices. β-glucuronidase may be employed on routine basis as a chair side test for screening and diagnosis of patients with periodontitis in diabetics.

scholarly journals Effect of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Visfatin Concentration in Periodontal Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Raghavendra ◽  
A.R. Pradeep ◽  
Rahul Kathariya ◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Nishanth S. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Group 1

Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator which acts as growth factor, cytokine, enzyme involved in energy including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and has been recently demonstrated to exert several pro-inflammatory functions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Visfatin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis, and to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the GCF and serum visfatin concentration. 30 subjects (age range: 25 to 52 years) were selected and divided into two groups based on the gingival index, probing depth, periodontal attachment level, and radiologic parameters (bone loss): group 1 (15 subjects with healthy periodontium), group 2 (15 subjects with chronic periodontitis), while, Group 2 patients after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planning, SRP) constituted group 3. GCF samples (by microcapillary pipettes) and serum samples (by venipuncture) were collected to estimate the levels of Visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mean Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1. While concentration in group 3 was similar to group 1. The concentration of Visfatin in GCF and serum decreased after SRP. The Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum found to be highest in chronic periodontitis group and decreases after treatment. Hence Visfatin values can be considered as an “inflammatory marker” can be explored in future as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Influence of Ceramic Lumineers on Inflammatory Periodontal Parameters and Gingival Crevicular Fluid IL-6 and TNF-α Levels—A Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2829
Author(s):  
Ali Alrahlah ◽  
Manea Altwaim ◽  
Abdulaziz Alshuwaier ◽  
Malik Eldesouky ◽  
Khaled M. Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

The aim was to evaluate the effect of ceramic lumineers on inflammatory periodontal parameters, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow rate and cytokine profile. Patients were provided with lumineers using standardized technique including minimal to no preparation. Ceramic lumineers were etched with hydrofluoric acid and teeth with phosphoric acid followed by adhesive cementation. Periodontal parameters (Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL)) were recorded at baseline and after 4, 12, and 24 weeks of lumineer cementation. Assessment of GCF flow rate and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α was made using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical significance was determined by the t-test, analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test. It was found that PI, BOP, PPD, and CAL at baseline and 24 weeks were comparable (p > 0.05). The GCF volume at baseline was comparable to the GCF at week 24 (p > 0.05). The IL-6 levels at baseline (5.4 ± 3.6) were similar to those at 24 week (7.4 ± 5.2) (p > 0.05). The TNF-α at week 4 (65.3 ± 16.2), 12 (25 ± 10.2), and 24 (21.3 ± 7.6) was higher than the baseline (13.7 ± 5.8) (p < 0.05). Clinical periodontal parameters and GCF volume among patients treated with ceramic lumineers at baseline and twenty-four week follow-up were comparable. The GCF TNF-α levels significantly increased after ceramic lumineer cementation at 24-week follow-up.

scholarly journals Estimation of interleukin-17 levels in gingival crevicular fluid from healthy individuals, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3605
Author(s):  
Neha Nainee ◽  
Sheetal Sanikop ◽  
Abhilasha Jha
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth

Background: Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is an infectious disease resulting in inflammation of supporting tissues of the teeth. A number of pro-inflammatory cytokines are formed against periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, implicated in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.Methods: A total of 25 periodontally healthy subjects (Group 1), 25 patients with gingivitis (Group 2) and 25 patients with CP (Group 3) were included for the study based on clinical examination. Gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were recorded in all subjects.Results: The levels of IL-17 increased from healthy to gingivitis to periodontitis patients. A positive correlation was found with the IL-17 and the clinical parameters like gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss.Conclusions: There is a strong association between the levels of IL-17 with periodontal disease as well as with its severity and its possible use as a biomarker for inflammatory periodontal disease.

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