Estimation of interleukin-17 levels in gingival crevicular fluid from healthy individuals, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Background: Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is an infectious disease resulting in inflammation of supporting tissues of the teeth. A number of pro-inflammatory cytokines are formed against periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, implicated in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.Methods: A total of 25 periodontally healthy subjects (Group 1), 25 patients with gingivitis (Group 2) and 25 patients with CP (Group 3) were included for the study based on clinical examination. Gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were recorded in all subjects.Results: The levels of IL-17 increased from healthy to gingivitis to periodontitis patients. A positive correlation was found with the IL-17 and the clinical parameters like gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss.Conclusions: There is a strong association between the levels of IL-17 with periodontal disease as well as with its severity and its possible use as a biomarker for inflammatory periodontal disease.

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Folate-receptor 1 level in periodontal disease: a pilot study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-019-0909-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duygu Alkan ◽

Berrak Guven ◽

Cigdem Coskun Turer ◽

Umut Balli ◽

Murat Can

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Folate Receptor ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1) levels in subjects with different periodontal status. Methods The study consists of three groups: Healthy group (n = 15), gingivitis group (n = 15) and chronic periodontitis group (n = 15). Clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed. GCF and serum samples were collected from each patient and were analyzed FOLR1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The values of FOLR1 in GCF were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups than among patient in control group (p < 0.016). Serum FOLR1 levels showed no significant difference between the groups. A significant correlation was observed between FOLR1 levels of GCF and BOP (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our preliminary data suggest that FOLR1 is not useful in monitoring the periodontal disease. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role, regulation and function of folate and it’s receptors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

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Effectiveness of non-surgical treatment to reduce il-18 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontal disease

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402012000400020 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 428-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bernardo Oliveira de Campos ◽

Ricardo Guimarães Fischer ◽

Anders Gustafsson ◽

Carlos Marcelo da Silva Figueredo

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Gingival Fluid ◽

Non Surgical Treatment

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-surgical periodontal treatment in reducing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites. Fourteen patients with periodontal disease were included, being 9 patients with chronic periodontitis (mean age: 48.8 SD ± 7.4 years) and 5 patients with gingivitis (mean age: 43.6 SD ± 11.8). The patients were divided in the following groups: gingivitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites GP), periodontitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites PP), and gingivitis sites from gingivitis patients (sites GG). Probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (AL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded, and gingival fluid samples were collected. The subjects received non-surgical treatment and were re-evaluated 30 days after treatment (day 30 AT). There was a significant reduction in PI in GG (1.0 ± 0.4 to 0.5 ± 0.2), GP (1.2 ± 0.3 to 0.5 ± 0.3), and in PP (1.3 ± 0.4 to 0.7 ± 0.3) 30 AT. There was also a significant reduction in the GI in GG (1.3 ± 0.3 to 0.7 ± 0.4). PPD reduced significantly in GG (2.4 ± 0.6 to 1.9 ± 0.1), and PP (6.7 ± 1.1 to 5.2 ± 0.9) 30 AT. When all the samples were analyzed together, there was a significant reduction in IL-18 (12.9 ± 7.2 to 10.0 ± 3.1). This study showed that non-surgical treatment was effective in reducing GCF levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites.

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Exploring the Role of Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibitor Tocilizumab in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontal Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 878

Author(s):

Codrina Ancuța ◽

Rodica Chirieac ◽

Eugen Ancuța ◽

Oana Țănculescu ◽

Sorina Mihaela Solomon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Receptor Inhibitor

Background: The aim of our study was to explore the influence of weekly subcutaneous administration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ) on periodontal status in a local longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease (PD). Methods: We performed a 6-month prospective study in 51 patients with chronic periodontitis and moderate-to-severe RA starting TCZ in accordance with local recommendations. Extensive rheumatologic (clinical activity, inflammatory, serological biomarkers) and periodontal (visible plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss) assessments were done. Changes in RA activity and periodontal status were reassessed after 3 and 6 months. Results: We demonstrated significant correlations between periodontal status, disease activity, and serologic biomarkers (p < 0.05). Tocilizumab significantly improved the gingival index scores and decreased the number of sites with bleeding on probing after only 3 months (p < 0.05), while the probing pocket depth significantly decreased after 6 months; overall, clinical attachment loss presented only slight changes without any statistical significance as well as teeth count and plaque levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: IL-6 inhibition is able to improve periodontal outcomes in patients with RA and concomitant PD, which is essentially related to a dramatic decrease in serum inflammatory mediators.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSES THE EFFICACY OF NANOBIO FUSION GEL AS AN ADJUNCT TO SCALING AND POLISHING IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. - A CLINICAL STUDY

10.36106/gjra/4108515 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Patil A. Veena ◽

Ansari T. Sobia ◽

Agarwal Priyanka ◽

Ayesha Ayesha ◽

Sultana Shahnaaz

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Test Group ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Introduction: Various chemical agents such as nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs and antimicrobial agents has gained popularity in treatment of periodontal disease but simultaneously lead to condition such as drug resistance and drug allergy. Hence , the topical application of herbal agents such as propolis, aloevera, green tea extracts, Neem reduces the potency and effectiveness to prevent progression of periodontal disease. NanoBioFusion(NBF)gel contains the natural antioxidant power of propolis,vit C,vit E which allows the ultrafine antioxidant to surpase the moist intraoral environment to enter the cells and rejuvenate,revitalize,support,protect and optimize gum and soft oral tissue.Hence the present study is aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of locally delivered NBF gel as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and polishing in the treatment of Periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Chronic Periodontitis patients with 40 sites and probing pocket depth (PD) between 5 and 7 mm were selected in a randomized controlled clinical trial. SRP was performed in both control and test group followed by NBF gel application in 40 sites. The plaque index, gingival index and probing Pocket depth,were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months.The statistical analysis with paired t‑test was used to compare the test and control sites. Results: From baseline to a period of 3 months, a statistically significant difference was seen between both groups for Pocket probing depth and from baseline to 6 weeks the mean GI and PI score have a statistically significant result was obtained(P=0.01& 0.00). Conclusions: Locally delivered NBF gel exhibited a significant improvement compared with SRP alone in chronic periodontitis.

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Validating gingival surface temperature as an alternative tool in the diagnosis of periodontal disease activity: An observational clinical trial

Journal of Dental Research Dental Clinics Dental Prospects ◽

10.15171/joddd.2019.019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 123-127

Author(s):

Sumanth Gunupati ◽

Hasya Sappiti ◽

Sreenivas Nagarakanti ◽

BV Ramesh Reddy ◽

Vijay Kumar Chava

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Pilot Clinical Study

Background. Elevated temperature has been recognized as an inflammatory sign. It is the only indication that can be both objectively and quantitatively evaluated and is considered as a potential indicator of periodontal disease. Assessing gingival surface temperature (GST) could be a diagnostic parameter to determine periodontal health. This pilot clinical study aimed to validate gingival surface temperature (GST) as a clinical diagnostic tool to measure periodontal disease activity by correlating with the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). Methods. A cross-sectional mono-center pilot study was conducted with a convenient sample of 50 participants with a mean age of 34.14±13.7 years. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD) clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. GST was recorded with a single lead of the bedside patient monitor and correlated with PISA. Results. The results showed a positive correlation between PISA and GST (P=0.46). Conclusion. This study showed a rise in GST of inflamed sites, but the results did not support the hypothesis that increased GST is an indicator of periodontal disease. As this is a pilot study, further studies with more larger sample sizes need to be undertaken to confirm its use as a diagnostic tool in clinical trials.

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Effects of Initial Periodontal Therapy on Heat Shock Protein 70 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Periodontitis Patients

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9103072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 3072

Author(s):

Nobuhisa Furuse ◽

Hideki Takai ◽

Yorimasa Ogata

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Microbial Infection ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Factor Α ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Shock Proteins

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of periodontium which is caused by periodontopathic bacteria. Moreover, various cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 are expressed in the inflamed periodontium. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) protect cells from abnormal conditions including inflammation, microbial infection and diseases. The 70-kDa HSPs (HSP70s) are major HSPs that express in the inflamed tissues. In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure the levels of HSP70 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from two periodontal pockets in each of 10 patients with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis. Sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≤3 mm were named the healthy control (HC) sites, and sites with PPD of ≥5 mm were named the diseased sites. HSP70 levels in GCF were expressed higher at diseased sites than at HC sites, and decreased after initial periodontal therapy at diseased sites. These results suggest the association of HSP70 with the stage of periodontitis.

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Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid and Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Levels

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2012/632842 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Swati Pradeep Patel ◽

Nishanth S. Rao ◽

A. R. Pradeep

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Background: Plasma glutathione peroxidase (eGPx) is an important selenium containing antioxidant in human defense against oxidative stress. While crevicular fluid (GCF) eGPx levels and its association with periodontal disease is well documented, there is no data on correlation of GCF and serum eGPx levels in chronic periodontitis. Hence this study was undertaken to further probe into the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases and effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) by correlating GCF and serum levels of eGPx.Materials and methods: Thirty subjects (16-Males and 14-Females; age: 30–38 years) participated in the study. The subjects were divided, based on gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level into: Healthy (group-1,n=10), Gingivitis (group-2,n=10) and Periodontitis (group-3,n=10). Chronic periodontitis patients after NSPT constituted group 4. GCF and serum samples collected from each subject were quantified for eGPx levels using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay.Results: The mean eGPx concentrations increased from health (14.01 ng/μl and 78.26 ng/ml) to gingivitis (22.86 ng/μl and 90.44 ng/ml) and then to periodontitis (29.89 ng/μl and 103.43 ng/ml), in GCF and serum respectively. After NSPT, there was statistically significant reduction in eGPx concentration in GCF and serum (19.41 ng/μl and 85.21 ng/ml). Further, all the GCF eGPx values showed a positive correlation to that of serum eGPx level.Conclusion: Thus, increased eGPx concentration in GCF can be considered as an indicator of local increase in oxidative stress. While, increase in serum eGPx levels indicates that periodontal disease can also lead to increased oxidative stress at the systemic level.

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Association between Chronic Periodontitis and Oral/Oropharyngeal Cancer

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201600754 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Renata Costa de Moraes ◽

Fernando Luiz Dias ◽

Carlos Marcelo da Silva Figueredo ◽

Ricardo Guimarães Fischer

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract The aim of this case control study was to assess the association between the extent and severity of chronic periodontitis and oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The case group comprised 35 patients (mean age 56.1±8.4), diagnosed for oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The control group comprised 40 individuals (mean age 55.4±9.4) without diagnostic of cancer. All individuals were subjected to a periodontal examination, including bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and decayed, extracted and filled teeth index (DMFT). The case group had significantly more sites with plaque. GI and BOP had similar values in both groups. The median PPD and CAL values were significantly higher for the case group. Chronic generalized periodontitis was predominant in 80% of patients with oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. Eighty nine percent of the patients in the case group presented severe chronic periodontitis. There was no significant difference between groups for median values of DMFT. The extent and severity of chronic periodontitis remained as risk indicators for oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer even after the adjustments for traditional confound factors, i.e. smoking and alcohol consumption.

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CORRELATION BETWEEN PERIODONTAL DISEASE INDICES AND LUNG CANCER IN GREEK ADULTS: A CASE — CONTROL STUDY

Experimental Oncology ◽

10.31768/2312-8852.2016.38(1):49-53 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 49-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N A Chrysanthakopoulos

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Control Study

Aim: The aim of the present case — control study was to examine the possible associations between periodontal disease indices and the risk of lung cancer development in a sample of Greek out-patients referred to a medical and a dental private practice. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 individuals were interviewed and underwent an oral clinical examination, and 64 of them were suffered from several histological types of lung cancer. The estimation of the possible associations between lung cancer as a dependent variable and periodontal disease indices as independent ones was carried out by using a multiple regression analysis model. Results: Probing pocket depth (odds ratio (OR) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–7.06), clinical attachment loss (OR = 3.51, 95% CI 1.30–9.47) bleeding on probing (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 0.98–3.81) were significantly associated with the risk of developing lung cancer. Smoking (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.20–5.17) was significantly associated with the mentioned risk, whereas it was consisted as a confounder regarding the estimated associations between moderate/severe clinical attachment loss and presence of bleeding on probing with the risk of developing lung cancer. Conclusion: Probing pocket depth as an index for periodontal disease severity was statistically significantly associated with the risk of developing lung cancer.

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GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1256 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

SM Apoorva ◽

Divya Bhat ◽

Akanksha Garg ◽

A Suchetha ◽

N Sapna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Background The literature suggests that periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus share a two-way relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes with different glycemic controls. Methods Ninety patients were included in the study and were divided into five groups based on CPI scores and ADA classification of diabetes. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured in all the subjects. GCF was collected from all the participants using micropipettes. ADM levels were measured in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results showed higher levels of ADM in patients with periodontitis as compared to healthy group. Significant correlation was present between PPD and CAL and ADM levels in all periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Increase in GCF levels of ADM from periodontal health to disease and in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes with the worsening of glycemic control underlines the possible role of ADM in mounting a protective response to worsening disease state. How to cite this article Garg A, Suchetha A, Sapna N, Apoorva SM, Bhat D, Puzhankara L. GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study. World J Dent 2014;5(1):42-46.

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