Novel Coatings to Minimize Bacterial Adhesion and Promote Osteoblast Activity for Titanium Implants

Titanium nitride (TiN) and silicon carbide (SiC) adhesion properties to biofilm and the proliferation of human osteoblasts were studied. Quaternized titanium nitride (QTiN) was produced by converting the surface nitrogen on TiN to a positive charge through a quaternization process to further improve the antibacterial efficiency. The SiC required a nitridation within the plasma chamber of the surface layer before quaternization could be carried out to produce quaternized SiC (QSiC). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the reference strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis for 4 h by fluorescence microscopy using a live/dead viability kit. All the coatings exhibited a lower biofilm coverage compared to the uncoated samples (Ti—85.2%; TiN—24.22%; QTiN—11.4%; SiC—9.1%; QSiC—9.74%). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the reduction in P. gingivalis bacteria on the SiC and TiN-coated groups. After 24 h of osteoblast cultivation on the samples, the cell adhesion was observed on all the coated and uncoated groups. Fluorescence images demonstrated that the osteoblast cells adhered and proliferated on the surfaces. TiN and SiC coatings can inhibit the attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis and promote osteoblast adhesion on the titanium used for implants. These coatings may possess the ability to prevent the development of peri-implantitis and stimulate osteointegration.

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Employment of ultrasonic assisted turning in the fabrication of microtextures to improve the surface adhesion of the titanium implant

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture ◽

10.1177/09544054211011029 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440542110110

Author(s):

Mehdi Zamani ◽

Masoud Farahnakian ◽

Sadegh Elhami

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Cutting Speed ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Textured Surfaces ◽

Sem Images ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Micro Dimples

Since the presentation of the cell adhesion concept, properties of the contact surface between osteoblasts and titanium implant and possible methods to enhance related characteristics have attracted much attention in orthopedic investigations. The creation of microtextures on the titanium implant is an important method to improve cell adhesion. This research includes the employment of Ultrasonic Assisted Turning (UAT) to create special microtextures on the titanium implant. Also, the developed interfacial ratio (Sdr) are analyzed to understand the effect of main surface characteristics on the adhesion behavior and parameters. Moreover, the effects of ultrasonic vibrations on Sdr are presented by theoretical relation and graphical modeling. Results showed micro dimples (textures) depth and width were a function of ultrasonic characteristics (amplitude and direction) and cutting speed of turning. Developed interfacial ratio (Sdr) was another surface parameter that improved by UAT (about 20% in geometrical simulations) while surface roughness did not change significantly by the application of UAT. SEM images show larger integrin and extended fibronectin of osteoblast which adhered to the textured surfaces. This result demonstrated the abilities of UAT to fabricate titanium implants with enhanced adhesion properties for osteoblast cells.

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Monolithic Ceramics: Effect of Finishing Techniques on Surface Properties, Bacterial Adhesion and Cell Viability

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-011-l ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 315-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

AMO Dal Piva ◽

LPC Contreras ◽

FC Ribeiro ◽

LC Anami ◽

SEA Camargo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mtt Assay ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Nonparametric Tests ◽

Lithium Silicate ◽

Gingival Fibroblasts ◽

Sem Images ◽

High Profile ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Monolithic Ceramics

SUMMARY Introduction: This study evaluated the morphology, biofilm formation, and viability of human gingival fibroblasts in contact with two monolithic ceramics after two different finishing techniques: polishing or glazing. For this, 92 blocks (4.5 × 4.5 × 1.5 mm) of each ceramic were made using high translucency zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium (YZHT) and lithium silicate reinforced by zirconium (ZLS). Methods and Materials: Blocks were sintered and then divided into glazing (g) or polishing (p) surface finish. Surface roughness (Ra and RSm) was evaluated through a contact rugosimeter and profilometry. Specimens were contaminated for heterotypic biofilm formation with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Candida albicans for 16 hours. Biofilm was quantified by counting the colony forming units (CFU/mL) and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fibroblast viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Surface free energy (SFE) was also determined. Roughness data were evaluated using nonparametric tests, while SFE, MTT and CFU results were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey test, and MTT data were also submitted to t-test (all, α=0.05). Results: Results showed that polished samples presented a lower high profile mean (p<0.001); however, YZHTg presented less space between defects (p=0.0002). SFE showed that YZHT presented higher SFE than ZLS. Profilometry evidenced more homogeneity on polished surfaces. The interaction of finishing technique and microorganisms influenced the CFU (p=0.00). MTT assay demonstrated initial severe cytotoxic behavior for polished surfaces. SEM images showed homogeneous surfaces, except for glazed YZHT. Conclusion: Glazed surfaces have a greater roughness and tend to accumulate more biofilm. Polished surfaces have higher SFE; however, they are temporarily cytotoxic.

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Effects of the morphology of sulfobetaine zwitterionic layers grafted onto a silicone surface on improving the hydrophilic stability, anti-bacterial adhesion properties, and biocompatibility

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.46860 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 135 (44) ◽

pp. 46860 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qin Cao ◽

Shuqing Wu ◽

Liying Wang ◽

Xuetao Shi ◽

Guangji Li

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Silicone Surface

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In Vitro Assessment of the Functional Dynamics of Titanium with Surface Coating of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12050840 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 840 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

José Henrique de Lima Cavalcanti ◽

Patrícia Matos ◽

Cresus Vinícius Depes de Gouvêa ◽

Waldimir Carvalho ◽

José Luis Calvo-Guirado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells ◽

Machined Surface ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Sem Images ◽

Vitro Assay

Manipulation of implant surface characteristics constitutes a promising strategy for improving cell growth and tissue response on a variety of materials with different surface topographies. Mesenchymal progenitor cells with a capacity to respond to titanium surface stimuli and differentiate into osteoblasts were used to perform comparative tests between two different implant topographies, including their functional interaction with pre-osteoblasts directly seeded onto the implants. Functional analysis of nanostructured implant surfaces was performed by in vitro assay analysis. The machined surface of titanium implants (mach group) was used as a control and compared with a nanoparticle HA activated surface implant (nano group), developed by the deposition of pure crystalline hydroxyapatite. Cell culture on the nano group surface resulted in higher cell adhesion and cultured osteoblast viability compared with the mach group. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed a stable interaction, indicated by the presence of focal cell adhesion formation. These results together with positive mineralization assays showed the nano group to be an excellent scaffold for bone-implant integration.

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Impacts of platelet‐rich fibrin and platelet‐rich plasma on primary osteoblast adhesion onto titanium implants in a bisphosphonate in vitro model

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine ◽

10.1111/jop.12944 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 943-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Steller ◽

Nele Herbst ◽

Ralph Pries ◽

David Juhl ◽

Matthias Klinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Model ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Primary Osteoblast ◽

Osteoblast Adhesion ◽

Vitro Model

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Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Brittle Coating Systems by Various Indentation Techniques

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.352.53 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 352 ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Jong Ho Kim ◽

Young Gu Kim ◽

Hyeon Keun Lee ◽

Do Kyung Kim

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thin Coating ◽

Strength Measurement ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Brittle Coating ◽

Transparent Substrate ◽

Tin Coatings ◽

Sic Coatings

The mechanical properties of brittle coating structures were characterized by various indentation techniques. The adhesion properties of the coatings were evaluated by in situ scratch and sphere indentation method. Physical vapor deposited TiN coatings on transparent substrates, sapphire, were scratched by diamond cone indenter and in situ observed through the transparent substrate. In situ scratch results reveal that the failure of coating is originated from the damage of the substrate and the plastic deformation of substrate is a primary factor for determining the adhesion breakage. The unique characterization technique for the strength measurement of brittle thin coating has been developed. The strength of the thin coating was evaluated by the sphere indentation on the trilayer structure. The CVD SiC coatings on graphite were characterized by the technique. It is concluded that the microstructure of SiC coatings influences the strength. In this paper, the various indentation technique were applied to evaluate the mechanical properties of TiN and SiC coatings and the effect of microstructure on the reliability of the brittle coating system was discussed.

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Bioactive and Antibacterial Ag-AgCl-TiO2 Coating on Titanium Implants

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.1213 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 852 ◽

pp. 1213-1219 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tian Tian ◽

Liu Hui ◽

Gu Ming Jun ◽

Jin Ying

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Antibacterial Property ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Material Surface ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

E Coli ◽

Implant Material ◽

Titanium Substrates ◽

Soaking Test

In this work, Ag-AgCl-TiO2 coating was fabricated on titanium substrates to obtain an implant material having excellent antibacterial property and bioactivity. The coating was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The bioactivity of coatings was examined by simulated body fluid soaking test. To verify the susceptibility of implant material surface to bacterial adhesion, S. aureus (Sau), E. coli (Eco), K. pneumoniae (Kpn), P. Aeruginosa (Pae), four types of major pathogen were chosen for in vitro antibacterial analyses. The results showed that Ag-AgCl-TiO2 coating had excellent antibacterial property and bioactivity.

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INFLUENCE OF ZrB2 ADDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND MICROHARDNESS OF Ti-SiC CLAD COATINGS ON Ti6Al4V SUBSTRATE

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x19500057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (06) ◽

pp. 1950005 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. A. FAROTADE ◽

A. P. I. POPOOLA ◽

S. L. PITYANA

Keyword(s):

Titanium Substrate ◽

Microstructural Development ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scattered Electron ◽

Laser Material Processing ◽

Sem Images ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Scan Speed ◽

Sic Coatings ◽

Significant Increment

The microstructural features and microhardness of ZrB2-reinforced Ti-SiC coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrate were studied. The deposition of these coatings was achieved via laser cladding technique. A 4.0[Formula: see text]kW fiber-delivered Nd: YAG laser was used to deposit the coatings on the titanium substrate at a laser power of 700[Formula: see text]W and a laser scan speed of 0.8[Formula: see text]m/min. An initial Ti-SiC coating was deposited with no ZrB2 addition followed by deposition of two other coatings with the incorporation of ZrB2 powder at 5 and 10[Formula: see text]wt.%. The coatings were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. SEM images of Ti-SiC-ZrB2 coatings revealed good metallurgical bond between the coatings and the substrate and also a significant increment in dendritic formation and inter-dendritic eutectics during solidification within the [Formula: see text]-Ti matrix, exhibiting the presence of newly formed phases as the weight percentage of ZrB2 increased. Back-scattered electron images also showed the dissolution effect of SiC particles, as the particle–matrix bond strength is influenced by ZrB2 addition. Furthermore, the microhardness of the Ti-SiC coating was enhanced with increasing ZrB2 weight percentage. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed dominant compounds formed during laser material processing. This study deepens the knowledge of possible microstructural features associated with Ti-SiC-ZrB2 cermet coatings.

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