Organized Sports and Physical Activities as Sole Influencers of Fitness: The Homeschool Population

Homeschool children may rely solely on organized sports and physical activities to achieve recommended levels of physical activity and fitness. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in fitness levels between homeschool children who did, and did not, participate in organized sports or physical activities, and then examine relationships between hours per week in sports or physical activities and cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by portions of the FitnessGram® test battery. Organized sports/physical activity participation information was gathered on 100 children ages 10–17 years who completed tests of upper, abdominal, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The current investigation revealed that participation alone was not associated with higher levels of physical fitness as assessed by the 90° push-up test or curl-up test nor was time in participation related to cardiorespiratory fitness as assessed by the Progressive Aerobic Capacity Endurance Run (PACER). These activities alone may be insufficient for meeting physical activity recommendations and improving physical fitness. Therefore, children and adolescents educated at home may need additional opportunities to participate in unstructured daily physical activity.

Download Full-text

Abstract 3547: Are U.S. Adults with Heart Disease Meeting Physical Activity Recommendations?

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_803 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Guixiang Zhao ◽

Earl S Ford ◽

Chaoyang Li ◽

Ali H Mokdad

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Diabetes Status ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Activity Recommendations

The benefits of physical activity on risk of cardiovascular disease have led to recommendations to increase its levels in patients with heart disease. We investigated the degree of compliance with national physical activity recommendations, issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine as well as the U.S. Surgeon General, among U.S. adults with coronary heart disease (heart disease) in comparison with people without heart disease using data from 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Information on heart disease or physical activity was self-reported. Moderate physical activities were those that cause small increases in breathing or heart rate (e.g., brisk walking) while vigorous physical activities were those that cause large increases in breathing or heart rate (e.g., running). Total physical activity was defined as participation in either moderate or vigorous physical activity. A total of 297,145 participants aged 18 years or older were included in our analyses and 24,496 people had heart disease. The age-adjusted prevalence and the odds ratios (ORs) for meeting total, moderate or vigorous physical activity recommendations were calculated in people with or without heart disease. People with heart disease were less likely to engage in physical activity at recommended levels than those without heart disease (41%, 32% and 22% versus 49%, 37% and 29%, respectively, for meeting total, moderate or vigorous physical activity recommendations, P<0.01 for all). The unadjusted ORs for adults with heart disease who met total, moderate or vigorous physical activity were 0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–0.65], 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72–0.80), and 0.45 (95% CI: 0.42–0.49), respectively. These ORs were attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for demographic variables, or after further adjustment for diabetes status and limitations for physical activity performance [The ORs were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87–0.97), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89–1.00) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81–0.95), respectively]. Our findings demonstrate the need for continuing efforts to promote physical activity in patients with heart disease who do not have limitations for performing physical activity.

Download Full-text

From Epidemiology to Psychology: Physical Activity Recommendations in Transition!?

Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.34045/ssem/2018/22 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Affective Responses ◽

Positive Health ◽

Physically Active ◽

Individual Preferences ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Activity Recommendations

Current physical activity recommendations are based on epidemiological-medical findings. They define what doses of physical activity are necessary for positive health effects: adults should be physically active at least 2½ hours per week with moderate or 1¼ hours with high intensity. However, some people find it difficult to implement these recommendations and to be active in the longer term. For optimal long-term adherence, physical activity recommendations should also be based on psychology. Affective responses prove to be a relevant influencing factor: when individuals experience physical activities as pleasant, they will maintain it in the longer term. Consistently experiencing displeasure, dropout is a likely outcome. Choosing moderately intense activities that meet individual preferences can optimize affective responses.

Download Full-text

Meeting the Physical Activity Recommendations and Its Relationship with Obesity-Related Parameters, Physical Fitness, Screen Time, and Mediterranean Diet in Schoolchildren

Children ◽

10.3390/children7120263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

José Francisco López-Gil ◽

Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽

Wagner de Campos ◽

Juan Luis Yuste Lucas

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Screen Time ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fitness Score ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Activity Recommendations

The up-to-date scientific evidence suggests that adequate levels of physical activity provide essential health benefits for children and adolescents and help to maintain a healthy body weight. In this sense, children and adolescents should at least accumulate 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in a daily basis to achieve these benefits and be considered active. Likewise, some lifestyle-related elements may interact with each other in an antagonistic or synergistic way to modify physical activity status. Thus, a better understanding of how meeting physical activity recommendations influences these potentially modifiable lifestyle factors (obesity-related parameters, physical fitness, dietary habits, or sedentary behaviour) would significantly reinforce the importance of complying with those recommendations from a health perspective and support the establishment of strategies for the promotion of diminishing the lower trends of physical activity among the young population. This study seeks to verify the association of meeting physical activity international recommendations with obesity-related parameters, global physical fitness, screen time, and Mediterranean diet in Spanish schoolchildren aged 8 to 13. A cross-sectional study was performed including 250 schoolchildren (41.2% girls) aged 8–13 (9.7 ± 1.2) from six primary schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain). Results: A higher proportion of children who complying with physical activity recommendations shows normal weight, no abdominal obesity, and low adiposity in comparison to other with different obesity-related parameters categories. Higher values in global physical fitness score were found in those who meet the physical activity international recommendations in both sexes. These higher values were also shown for adherence to the Mediterranean diet in both sexes; not being so in the case of screen time. Notwithstanding, none of these mean differences were statistically significant. To conclude, the proportion of schoolchildren meeting the physical activity recommendations in our study is low. A higher proportion of children who meet with physical activity recommendations present normal weight, no abdominal obesity and low adiposity in comparison to other obesity-related parameters categories in both sexes. Likewise, those considered as active children seem to have higher global physical fitness score and adherence to the Mediterranean diet than children who do not meet the recommendations.

Download Full-text

Do Adolescents Who Meet Physical Activity Recommendations on Weekdays Also Meet Them on Weekends? A Cross-Sectional Study in Colombia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030897 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 897

Author(s):

Fernando Galindo-Perdomo ◽

Carmen Peiró-Velert ◽

Alexandra Valencia-Peris

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Predictor Variable ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Organized Activities ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Organized Sports ◽

The Family ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Activity Recommendations

The purpose of this study was to examine whether Colombian adolescents fulfill physical activity (PA) recommendations by type of day depending on several variables. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 2624 adolescents from Neiva (Colombia) using the Seven Day PA Recall and the Family Affluence Scale II self-reported questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed to find any differences by gender, socioeconomic status, PA recommendations accomplishment, participation in organized and non-organized PA, parents’ involvement in sport, and adolescents’ academic achievement, and to determine the probability of complying with the PA guidelines. Only 12.3% of the participants met the PA recommendations on weekdays and weekends. Girls maintained their (in)active patterns during the week more than boys (84.4% vs. 70.7%, respectively), while more boys than girls changed them according to the type of day (25.3% vs. 19.6%). Participation in organized sports was the predictor variable with the highest probability of both boys and girls complying with the PA recommendations on weekdays. Non-organized activities were more likely to make girls more active on weekends. In conclusion, a wider offer of organized and non-competitive PA over the weekend and broader sports schedules should be provided to youth in Neiva.

Download Full-text

Cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity in breast cancer survivors: is meeting current physical activity recommendations really enough?

Supportive Care in Cancer ◽

10.1007/s00520-018-4055-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 2293-2301 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alejandro Santos-Lozano ◽

Javier Ramos ◽

Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos ◽

Blanca Cantos ◽

Lidia B. Alejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Activity Recommendations

Download Full-text

NON-FORMAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN: INCREASE FACTOR OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL FITNESS

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v3i102.64 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (102) ◽

pp. 44-51

Author(s):

Asta Šarkauskienė ◽

Sigita Derkintienė ◽

Šarūnas Paplauskas

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Education ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Upper Body ◽

Fitness Tests ◽

Health Related ◽

Children’S Physical Activity

Background. Studies on physical activity, which is positively associated with physical fitness, reveal that children’s activity is not sufficient (BHFNC, 2010; Chen, Zheng, Yi, & Yao, 2014; Currie et al., 2012), and their physical fitness deteriorates (Volbekienė & Kavaliauskas, 2002; Мирошниченко & Астраханцев, 2005; Синявский, Власов, & Сергеев, 2009). Non-formal physical education (NFPE) is one of the means to increase children’s physical activity and physical fitness. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of NFPE on the physical fitness of 6th grade pupils. Methods. The research was conducted in May, 2013; 356 six-graders (48.0% of girls) from four Klaipėda city comprehensive schools participated in the research. As many as 56.5% of children (48.3% of girls) participated in NFPE in school and out of school. The participants completed five physical fitness tests. Results. Independent t test revealed that the results of boys who attended the NFPE group of cardiorespiratory fitness, t(180) = −2.093, p = .038; upper body muscular strength and endurance, t(182) = 2.413, p = .017; abdominal muscular strength and endurance, t(186) = 3.282, p = .001; explosive leg power, t(183) = 1.967, p = .049, and girls’ results of abdominal muscular strength and endurance, t(172) = 2.687, p = .008 were significantly higher than those in the NFPE non attended group. Conclusion. Non-formal physical education is a meaningful educational form for increasing children’s, particularly boys’, health related physical fitness; therefore it is purposeful to encourage children to participate in physical activities in school and after classes.

Download Full-text

Determinants of non-cardiorespiratory fitness in pre-elderly women

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) ◽

10.21927/ijnd.2019.7(2).41-50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Mustakim Mustakim ◽

Kusharisupeni Djokosujono

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kelompok lanjut usia mengalami perkembangan yang pesat di masa mendatang. Kebugaran menjadi salah satu prediktor dalam menentukan kesakitan dan kematian pada kelompok lansia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk membahas karakteristik, komposisi tubuh, gaya hidup dan asupan gizi dengan kebugaran yang diukur melalui serangkaian tes kebugaran pada wanita pralansia di Kecamatan Pancoran Mas kota Depok.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dan dilakukan pada 134 orang wanita pralansia di Kecamatan Pancoran Mas kota Depok.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 72,4 persen wanita pralansia berada pada kondisi tidak bugar. Variabel paling berhubungan dengan kebugaran adalah aktivitas fisik setelah dikontrol dengan IMT, persen lemak tubuh, status merokok dan asupan vitamin B12.Kesimpulan: Akivitas fisik merupakan faktor paling berpengaruh terhadap kebugaran non kardiorespiratori pada wanita pralansia. Oleh karena itu, wanita pralansia wajib menjaga aktivitas fisiknya secara rutin melalui jalan kaki, senam ataupun kegiatan fisik lainnya.KATA KUNCI: wanita pra lansia, kebugaran non kardiorespiratori, aktivitas fisik ABSTRACTBackgrounds: Fitness was found as an indicator of morbidity and mortality to the elderly. A person who have low physical fitness level is often associated with a lack of regular physical activities and causes of degenerative diseases and premature death. Besides, fitness will have an inluenfce to his body composition (reduced fat levels in the abdomen), increase lipid profile (reduced triglyceride levels, increased HDL), reduce LDL, and reduce blood pressure.Objectives: This study focused on the physical fitness of middle-aged women in Pancoran Mas, Depok. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between lifestyle, body composition and nutritional intake and physical fitness. In addition, this study also determined the dominant factor related to physical fitness.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and the data were collected from 134 middle-aged women. Physical Fitness was measured by fitness test using handgrip test, sit and reach test, and chair sit and stand the test. Data on body composition will be collected through a series of anthropometric measurements. Meanwhile, nutrition intake was collected using an interview questionnaire on a 2-day 24-hour dietary recall and lifestyle were collected by using Physical Activity Scele for Elderly (PASE Questionnaire).Results: The result showed that 72.4 percent of respondents had a low category level condition. This study showed that there is a significant relationship between physical activities and non-cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-aged women. The dominant factor related to determining fitness was physical activities with OR 2.382 after being measured by a percentage of body fat, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and vitamin B12 intake.Conclusions: The most influential variable was physical activities after adjusted by BMI (Body Mass Index), the percentage of body fat, smoking status, and vitamin B12 intake.middle aged women should keep their physical activity in active level. They can use walking or aerobic dance to maintain their physical activity.KEYWORDS: Middle-aged women; non-cardiorespiratory fitness; physical activity

Download Full-text

Many Americans Believe Physical Activity Reduces Cancer Risk, But a Majority Find Physical Activity Recommendations Confusing

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e716392007-001 ◽

2006 ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Activity Recommendations

Download Full-text

Socioeconomic Inequities in Youth Participation in Physical Activity and Sports

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6946

Author(s):

Pooja S. Tandon ◽

Emily Kroshus ◽

Katharine Olsen ◽

Kimberly Garrett ◽

Pingping Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Youth Participation ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Middle School Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

High Schoolers ◽

Activity Recommendations

Access to opportunities for physical activity and sports, and therefore potential benefits of participation, are distributed inequitably. The aims of this study were to describe and compare youth experiences related to sport and physical activity by socioeconomic factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of students in 5–12th grades in King County, Washington, USA. Students were asked about physical activity and sports experiences and about demographic factors including family affluence, which was categorized as low, medium, and high. Participants were 1038 youth (50% girls, 58% non-White, and 32% from homes where languages other than English are spoken). Children from low-affluence families reported fewer days/week of physical activity, fewer sports sampled, and lower rates of ever playing sports. Greater proportions of children from low-affluence families reported these barriers to sports: (1) don’t want to get hurt, (2) don’t feel welcome on teams, (3) too expensive, and (4) transportation. Middle school children from high-affluence families had three times higher odds of meeting physical activity recommendations, and high-affluence high schoolers had three times higher odds of ever participating in sports compared to peers from low-affluence families. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with outcomes related to youth physical activity and sports participation. The disproportionately reported barriers to sports participation are modifiable, and cross-sector solutions can help promote play equity.

Download Full-text

An ORBIT Phase 1: Design study of a citywide employer-based walking challenges in a predominantly Mexican American metropolitan area

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105320977650 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135910532097765

Author(s):

Jennifer J. Salinas ◽

Roy Valenzuela ◽

Jon Sheen ◽

Malcolm Carlyle ◽

Jennifer Gay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Mexican American ◽

Phase 1 ◽

El Paso ◽

Intervention Development ◽

Obesity Intervention ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Orbit Model ◽

Activity Recommendations

Most Mexican-Americans do not meet current physical activity recommendations. This paper uses the ORBIT model of obesity intervention development as a framework to outline the process of establishing three employer-based walking challenges in El Paso, Texas, a predominantly Mexican American community. The walking challenges were planned and implemented through the Border Coalition for Fitness and participating partnering organizations. Over 2000 participants and several employers took part in the walking challenges. Results from this ORBIT Phase 1 design intervention suggest that walking challenges are a feasible approach to increase physical activity in Mexican-Americans.

Download Full-text