scholarly journals The Effects of Body Tempering on Force Production, Flexibility and Muscle Soreness in Collegiate Football Athletes

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Taber ◽  
Roy J. Colter ◽  
Jair J. Davis ◽  
Patrick A. Seweje ◽  
Dustin P. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Force Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Production Flexibility ◽  
Baseline Testing

There has been limited research to explore the use of body tempering and when the use of this modality would be most appropriate. This study aimed to determine if a body tempering intervention would be appropriate pre-exercise by examining its effects on perceived soreness, range of motion (ROM), and force production compared to an intervention of traditional stretching. The subjects for this study were ten Division 1 (D1) football linemen from Sacred Heart University (Age: 19.9 ± 1.5 years, body mass: 130.9 ± 12.0 kg, height: 188.4 ± 5.1 cm, training age: 8.0 ± 3.5 years). Subjects participated in three sessions with the first session being baseline testing. The second and third sessions involved the participants being randomized to receive either the body tempering or stretching intervention for the second session and then receiving the other intervention the final week. Soreness using a visual analog scale (VAS), ROM, counter movement jump (CMJ) peak force and jump height, static jump (SJ) peak force and jump height, and isometric mid-thigh pull max force production were assessed. The results of the study concluded that body tempering does not have a negative effect on muscle performance but did practically reduce perceived muscle soreness. Since body tempering is effective at reducing soreness in athletes, it can be recommended for athletes as part of their pre-exercise warmup without negatively effecting isometric or dynamic force production.

Reliability of the Dynamic Strength Index in College Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Thomas ◽  
Paul A. Jones ◽  
Paul Comfort
Keyword(s):  
College Athletes ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
Change In Mean

Purpose:To determine the reliability of the Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) in college athletes.Method:Nineteen male college athletes performed the squat jump (SJ) and isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) to determine peak force, on 2 separate days. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error (TE), percentage change in the mean, smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and coefficient of variation (%CV).Results:Peak force for the SJ was 2137 ± 499 N and 2781 ± 435 N for the IMTP, resulting in a mean DSI of 0.78 ± 0.19. Peak forces in the SJ (ICC = .99, TE = 57.22 N, change in mean = 0.2%, SWC = 4.7%, CV = 2.6%) and IMTP (ICC = .95, TE = 104.22 N, change in mean = 0.5%, SWC = 3.1%, CV = 3.8%) were considered highly reliable between sessions. However, IMTP peak force was the only variable with an overall TE < SWC. The DSI was also highly reliable (ICC = .97, TE = 0.03, change in mean = −0.3%, SWC = 5.1%, CV = 4.6%) between sessions.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that peak force in the SJ and IMTP are reliable, resulting in a reliable assessment of dynamic-force-production capabilities via the DSI. The DSI may be used to guide individualized training interventions and monitor specific adaptations to training. Changes in SJ peak force, IMTP peak force, and DSI were >4.67%, 3.13%, and 5.13%, respectively, identifying meaningful changes in response to training or competition.

scholarly journals Post-activation Performance Enhancement after a Bout of Accentuated Eccentric Loading in Collegiate Male Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13110
Author(s):  
Kuo-Wei Tseng ◽  
Jyun-Ru Chen ◽  
Jun-Jie Chow ◽  
Wei-Chin Tseng ◽  
Giancarlo Condello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefit of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) compared to traditional resistance loading (TR). Sixteen male volleyball athletes were divided in AEL and TR group. AEL group performed 3 sets of 4 repetitions (eccentric: 105% of concentric 1RM, concentric: 80% of concentric 1RM) of half squat, and TR group performed 3 sets of 5 repetitions (eccentric & concentric: 85% of 1RM). Countermovement jump (CMJ), spike jump (SPJ), isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and muscle soreness test were administered before (Pre) exercise, and 10 min (10-min), 24 h (24-h), and 48 h (48-h) after exercise. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Peak force and rate of development (RFD) of IMTP in AEL group were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than TR group. The height, peak velocity, and RFD of CMJ, height of SPJ, and muscle soreness showed no interaction effects (p > 0.05) groups x time. AEL seemed capable to maintain force production in IMTP, but not in CMJ and SPJ. It is recommended the use of accentuated eccentric loading protocols to overcome the fatigue.

scholarly journals Using Customized Rate-Coding and Recruitment Strategies to Maintain Forces During Repetitive Activation of Human Muscles

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Chou ◽  
Trisha M Kesar ◽  
Stuart A Binder-Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Force Level ◽  
Stimulation Intensity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rate Coding ◽  
The Right

Background and Purpose During functional electrical stimulation (FES), clinicians typically increase stimulation intensity to offset fatigue and maintain functional levels of force production. However, recent studies have suggested that increasing the stimulation frequency is an effective strategy for overcoming fatigue during FES. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 5 stimulation strategies on maintaining forces during repetitive isometric muscle activation. Subjects and Methods The right quadriceps femoris muscles of 12 subjects with no history of lower-extremity orthopedic, neurological, or vascular problems were tested. The 5 stimulation strategies were: progressively increasing the frequency, progressively increasing the intensity, and 3 combination protocols that first increased the intensity and then increased the frequency. The only difference among the 3 combination protocols was the starting frequency used in each protocol (20, 30, or 40 Hz). For all protocols, the stimulation frequency or intensity was increased progressively every time the peak force declined more than 10% from a targeted force level. The specific step increases in frequency or intensity were customized for each subject. A contraction was defined as successful when its peak force exceeded 90% of the targeted force level. Results The results showed that progressively increasing only the frequency produced 59% more successful contractions than progressively increasing only the intensity. In addition, the combination stimulation protocol that began with 30-Hz trains produced the most successful contractions (mean=1,205 contractions; 35%–74% more than the other 4 protocols tested). Discussion and Conclusions The results suggest that increasing the stimulation intensity and then the frequency is the best strategy to maintain muscle performance and could help clinicians design optimal stimulation protocols to use for each patient during FES.

scholarly journals Psychological Consequences of the Delay in the Silent Mentor Programme During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From Family Members of Silent Mentors

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110009
Author(s):  
Li Ping Wong ◽  
Sik Loo Tan ◽  
Haridah Alias ◽  
Thiam Eng Sia ◽  
Aik Saw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Health And Well Being

The COVID-19 pandemic has put a hold on the Silent Mentor Programme (SMP); this pause has not only caused unprecedented challenges for the delivery of medical education but has forced changes in the programme ceremony sessions. We aimed to describe the psychological impact and experiences of family members of silent mentors during the COVID-19 pandemic using qualitative interviews. Many expressed feelings of remorse and unrest about the unprecedented delay of the SMP. The delay increased negative emotions particularly among some elderly family members; however, there was no prominent negative effect on their functional health and well-being. Several participants relayed the belief that the soul cannot rest until the body receives a proper burial while some worried about the deterioration of the physical condition of the mentors. In conclusion, findings provide insights into the importance of not overlooking the mental health implications of delaying the SMP in future outbreaks or crises.

scholarly journals Serum betaine is inversely associated with low lean mass mainly in men in a Chinese middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling population

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 2181-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi-xia Huang ◽  
Ying-ying Zhu ◽  
Xu-ying Tan ◽  
Qiu-ye Lan ◽  
Chun-lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that betaine supplements increase lean body mass in livestock and improve muscle performance in human beings, but evidence for its effect on human lean mass is limited. Our study assessed the association of circulating betaine with lean mass and its composition in Chinese adults. A community-based study was conducted on 1996 Guangzhou residents (weight/mass: 1381/615) aged 50–75 years between 2008 and 2010. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect general baseline information. Fasting serum betaine was assessed using HPLC-MS. A total of 1590 participants completed the body composition analysis performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry during a mean of 3·2 years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, regression analyses demonstrated a positive association of serum betaine with percentage of lean mass (LM%) of the entire body, trunk and limbs in men (all P<0·05) and LM% of the trunk in women (P=0·016). Each sd increase in serum betaine was associated with increases in LM% of 0·609 (whole body), 0·811 (trunk), 0·422 (limbs), 0·632 (arms) and 0·346 (legs) in men and 0·350 (trunk) in women. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of lower LM% decreased by 17 % (whole body) and 14 % (trunk) in women and 23 % (whole body), 28 % (trunk), 22 % (arms) and 26 % (percentage skeletal muscle index) in men with each sd increment in serum betaine. Elevated circulating betaine was associated with a higher LM% and lower prevalence of lower LM% in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, particularly men.

Lower-Extremity Biomechanics and Maintenance of Vertical-Jump Height During Prolonged Intermittent Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329
Author(s):  
Randy J. Schmitz ◽  
John C. Cone ◽  
Timothy J. Copple ◽  
Robert A. Henson ◽  
Sandra J. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽  
Biomechanical Factors

Context:Potential biomechanical compensations allowing for maintenance of maximal explosive performance during prolonged intermittent exercise, with respect to the corresponding rise in injury rates during the later stages of exercise or competition, are relatively unknown.Objective:To identify lower-extremity countermovement-jump (CMJ) biomechanical factors using a principal-components approach and then examine how these factors changed during a 90-min intermittent-exercise protocol (IEP) while maintaining maximal jump height.Design:Mixed-model design.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Fifty-nine intermittent-sport athletes (30 male, 29 female) participated in experimental and control conditions.Interventions:Before and after a dynamic warm-up and every 15 min during the 1st and 2nd halves of an individually prescribed 90-min IEP, participants were assessed on rating of perceived exertion, sprint/cut speed, and 3-dimensional CMJ biomechanics (experimental). On a separate day, the same measures were obtained every 15 min during 90 min of quiet rest (control).Main Outcome Measures:Univariate piecewise growth models analyzed progressive changes in CMJ performance and biomechanical factors extracted from a principal-components analysis of the individual biomechanical dependent variables.Results:While CMJ height was maintained during the 1st and 2nd halves, the body descended less and knee kinetic and energetic magnitudes decreased as the IEP progressed.Conclusions:The results indicate that vertical-jump performance is maintained along with progressive biomechanical changes commonly associated with decreased performance. A better understanding of lower-extremity biomechanics during explosive actions in response to IEP allows us to further develop and individualize performance training programs.

Political connection, family ownership and corporate risk disclosure: empirical evidence from Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek Hamed Alshirah ◽  
Ahmad Farhan Alshira’h ◽  
Abdalwali Lutfi
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Political ◽  
Family Ownership ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
Level Of Risk

Purpose This study aims to empirically examine whether the political connection is related to risk disclosure practices. The study also seeks to contribute to the existent risk disclosure literature by investigating the moderator effect of family ownership on this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The content analysis approach was used to collect data and determine the level of risk disclosure over the non-financial Jordanian firms listed on 1Amman Stock Exchange. The sample of this study contains 376 annual reports over four years from 2014 to 2017. It used the random effect regressions to examine the hypothesis of the study. Findings The results show that politically connected companies disclose less risk information than the unconnected ones in Jordan. The results also refer that family ownership contributes in mitigating the negative effect of the political connection on the level of corporate risk. Practical implications The results have implications for regulatory institutions such as the Jordan Securities Commission to take the negative effect of political connection in their consideration and impose further regulations to monitor this board’s attribute and control politicians’ domination on the board decisions. Originality/value The current study also contributes to the body of literature by investigating the effects of the political connections on the level of risk disclosure in the financial reports. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first to examine the effect of the political connection on the risk disclosure practices. Moreover, the study is among the first studies that examine the moderating role of family ownership on such relationship.

Roller Massage Prior to Running Does Not Affect Gait Mechanics in Well-Trained Runners

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jessica G. Hunter ◽  
Gina L. Garcia ◽  
Sushant M. Ranadive ◽  
Jae Kun Shim ◽  
Ross H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Average Load ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Free Moment ◽  
Muscle Force Production

Context: Understanding if roller massage prior to a run can mitigate fatigue-related decrements in muscle force production during prolonged running is important because of the association between fatigue and running-related injury. Objective: The authors investigated whether a bout of roller massage prior to running would (1) mitigate fatigue-related increases in vertical average load rate and free moment of the ground reaction force of running and (2) mitigate decreases in maximal countermovement jump height. Design: Repeated-measures study. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: A total of 14 recreational endurance athletes (11 men and 3 women) volunteered for the study. Interventions: A 12.5-minute foam roller protocol for the lower extremities and a fatiguing 30-minute treadmill run. Main Outcome Measures: Vertical average load rate, free moment, and maximal jump height before (PRE) and after (POST) the fatiguing treadmill run on separate experimental days: once where participants sat quietly prior to the fatiguing run (REST) and another where the foam roller protocol was performed prior to the run (ROLL). Results: A 2-way multiple analysis of variance found no significant differences in vertical average load rate, free moment, and jump height between PRE/POST times in both REST/ROLL conditions. Conclusions: The authors concluded that recreational endurance athletes maintain running mechanics and jump performance after a fatiguing run regardless of prerun roller massage and may not rely on prerun roller massage as a form of injury prevention.

Characteristics of Eight Irish Dance LandingsConsiderations for Training and Overuse Injury Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Sarah Klopp Christensen ◽  
Aaron Wayne Johnson ◽  
Natalie Van Wagoner ◽  
Taryn E. Corey ◽  
Matthew S. McClung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Dance Movements ◽  
Reaction Forces

Irish dance has evolved in aesthetics that lead to greater physical demands on dancers' bodies. Irish dancers must land from difficult moves without letting their knees bend or heels touch the ground, causing large forces to be absorbed by the body. The majority of injuries incurred by Irish dancers are due to overuse (79.6%). The purpose of this study was to determine loads on the body of female Irish dancers, including peak force, rise rate of force, and impulse, in eight common Irish hard shoe and soft shoe dance movements. It was hypothesized that these movements would produce different ground reac- tion force (GRF) characteristics. Sixteen female Irish dancers were recruited from the three highest competitive levels. Each performed a warm-up, reviewed the eight movements, and then performed each movement three times on a force plate, four in soft shoes and four in hard shoes. Ground reaction forces were measured using a three-dimensional force plate recording at 1,000 Hz. Peak force, rise rate, and vertical impulse were calculated. Peak forces normalized by each dancer's body weight for each of these variables were significantly different between move- ments and shoe types [F(15, 15)= 65.4, p < 0.01; F(15, 15) = 65.0, p < 0.01; and F(15, 15) = 67.4, p < 0.01, respectively]. The variable years of experience was not correlated with peak force, rise rate, or impulse (p > 0.40). It is concluded that there was a large range in GRF characteristics among the eight movements studied. Understanding the force of each dance step will allow instructors to develop training routines that help dancers adapt gradually to the high forces experienced in Irish dance training and competitions, thereby limiting the potential for overuse injuries.

Organization of Therapeutic Nutrition in a Complex of Therapeutic Measures for Acute Glomerulonephritis

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Elena Vitalievna Perminova
Keyword(s):  
Salt Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Organization Of Care ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
High Incidence Rate

Organization of care for patients with glomerulonephritis is a rather urgent problem today, due to the high incidence rate and the tendency to progression of renal dysfunction. When discussing treatment issues, it is necessary to pay attention to the fulfillment of three basic requirements for patients, which include normalization of the life regime (in particular, the exclusion of night work, avoiding stressful situations and heavy physical activity when having high blood pressure), the implementation of certain dietary recommendations and prolonged drug treatment [3]. Diseases of the kidneys as the main organ, the affection of which leads to a deterioration of excretory function, require a special diet with a restriction of a number of products. Against the background of glomerulonephritis disruption of the process of glomerular filtration, which in some cases leads to the development of renal failure, it is necessary to reduce the intake of food substances that can have a negative effect on the body — alcohol, smoked meats, spicy, salty foods, preserves, sausages, foods with high protein and salt content. Moreover, one should also take control of the amount of fluid consumed and ensure compliance with the frequency and regularity of food intake.

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