scholarly journals Direct and Indirect vSLAM Fusion for Augmented Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Mohamed Outahar ◽  
Guillaume Moreau ◽  
Jean-Marie Normand
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Mapping Algorithms ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Video Feed ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods

Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology that is applied in many fields. One of the limitations that still prevents AR to be even more widely used relates to the accessibility of devices. Indeed, the devices currently used are usually high end, expensive glasses or mobile devices. vSLAM (visual simultaneous localization and mapping) algorithms circumvent this problem by requiring relatively cheap cameras for AR. vSLAM algorithms can be classified as direct or indirect methods based on the type of data used. Each class of algorithms works optimally on a type of scene (e.g., textured or untextured) but unfortunately with little overlap. In this work, a method is proposed to fuse a direct and an indirect methods in order to have a higher robustness and to offer the possibility for AR to move seamlessly between different types of scenes. Our method is tested on three datasets against state-of-the-art direct (LSD-SLAM), semi-direct (LCSD) and indirect (ORBSLAM2) algorithms in two different scenarios: a trajectory planning and an AR scenario where a virtual object is displayed on top of the video feed; furthermore, a similar method (LCSD SLAM) is also compared to our proposal. Results show that our fusion algorithm is generally as efficient as the best algorithm both in terms of trajectory (mean errors with respect to ground truth trajectory measurements) as well as in terms of quality of the augmentation (robustness and stability). In short, we can propose a fusion algorithm that, in our tests, takes the best of both the direct and indirect methods.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND MEASURES OF MEASUREMENT OF HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF NATURAL GAS IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
K. M. Shynkaruk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In connection with the increase in prices for natural gas, the urgent issue is to calculate not only the amount of gas consumed, but also its quality precisely with the consumer. The quality of gas is the compliance of its physicochemical parameters with established regulatory documents. With the current gas accounting and payment system in Ukraine, consumers using the same number of cubic meters receive different heat of combustion. The paper analyzes the regulatory framework for assessing the energy performance of natural gas. The necessity of the transition to accounting for natural gas in energy units is substantiated. Existing methods and means for determining the calorific value of natural gas that are used in Ukraine and abroad are considered. Currently, direct and indirect methods are used to determine the calorific value of natural value of natural gas. The most common is the calculation method based on chromatographic analysis, the implementation of which requires expensive equipment. Other methods for determining the calorific value of natural gas is correlation. The essence of which is to establish the relationship between a certain physicochemical property of natural gas and calorific value, which can be established by experimental observations and based on theoretical analysis, which makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the calorific value of natural gas. Based on the analysis, it was found that currently there are no simple in design and not expensive means of controlling the qualitative characteristics of natural gas commercially available. Therefore, it is relevant to solve the problem of operational control of the quality of natural gas, through scientific justification, development and improvement of tools that enable the indirect accounting of the energy value of natural gas in accordance with global trends in energy accounting. A correlation analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the thermal conductivity and the calorific value of natural gas. The use of the thermocatalytic method for determining the calorific value of gas is proposed, which will allow designing a relatively cheap and easy-to-use device for monitoring the quality of natural gas specifically for the consumer.

scholarly journals Virtual Object Replacement Based on Real Environments: Potential Application in Augmented Reality Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Lin
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Real World ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
The Real ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
Localization And Mapping

Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology that allows users to interact with simulated environments, including those emulating scenes in the real world. Most current AR technologies involve the placement of virtual objects within these scenes. However, difficulties in modeling real-world objects greatly limit the scope of the simulation, and thus the depth of the user experience. In this study, we developed a process by which to realize virtual environments that are based entirely on scenes in the real world. In modeling the real world, the proposed scheme divides scenes into discrete objects, which are then replaced with virtual objects. This enables users to interact in and with virtual environments without limitations. An RGB-D camera is used in conjunction with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) to obtain the movement trajectory of the user and derive information related to the real environment. In modeling the environment, graph-based segmentation is used to segment point clouds and perform object segmentation to enable the subsequent replacement of objects with equivalent virtual entities. Superquadrics are used to derive shape parameters and location information from the segmentation results in order to ensure that the scale of the virtual objects matches the original objects in the real world. Only after the objects have been replaced with their virtual counterparts in the real environment converted into a virtual scene. Experiments involving the emulation of real-world locations demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed rendering scheme. A rock-climbing application scenario is finally presented to illustrate the potential use of the proposed system in AR applications.

scholarly journals Moving Object Tracking for SLAM-based Augmented Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Coelho Braga de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Luis de Souza da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Potential Applications

Augmented Reality (AR) systems based on the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem have received much attention in the last few years. SLAM allows AR applications on unprepared environments, i.e., without markers. However, by eliminating the marker object, we lose the referential for virtual object projection and the main source of interaction between real and virtual elements. In the recent literature, we found works that integrate an object recognition system to the SLAM in a way the objects are incorporated into the map. In this work, we propose a novel optimization framework for an object-aware SLAM system capable of simultaneously estimating the camera and moving objects positioning in the map. In this way, we can combine the advantages of both marker- and SLAM-based methods. We implement our proposed framework over state-of-the-art SLAM software and demonstrate potential applications for AR like the total occlusion of the marker object.

scholarly journals Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Halloysite Nanotube Composites for Resorbable Scaffolds: Effect of Processing Technology on Homogeneity and Electrospinning

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3772
Author(s):  
Muriel Józó ◽  
Róbert Várdai ◽  
Nóra Hegyesi ◽  
János Móczó ◽  
Béla Pukánszky
Keyword(s):  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Fiber Spinning ◽  
Film Casting ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Simple Compression ◽  
Fiber Scaffolds ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods

Polycaprolactone (PCL)/halloysite composites were prepared to compare the effect of homogenization technology on the structure and properties of the composites. Halloysite content changed from 0 to 10 vol% in six steps and homogeneity was characterized by various direct and indirect methods. The results showed that the extent of aggregation depends on technology and on halloysite content; the size and number of aggregates increase with increasing halloysite content. Melt mixing results in more homogeneous composites than the simple compression of the component powders or homogenization in solution and film casting. Homogeneity and the extent of aggregation determines all properties, including functionality. The mechanical properties of the polymer deteriorate with increasing aggregation; even stiffness depends on homogeneity. Strength and deformability decreases drastically as the number and size of aggregates increase. Not only dispersed structure, but also the physical state and crystalline structure of the polymer influence homogeneity and properties. The presence of the filler affects the preparation of electrospun fiber scaffolds as well. A part of the filler is excluded from the fibers while another part forms aggregates that complicates fiber spinning and deteriorates properties. The results indicate that spinning is easier and the quality of the fibers is better if a material homogenized previously by melt mixing is used for the production of the fibers.

scholarly journals An overview of the common methods used to measure treatment adherence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alexandra Anghel ◽  
Andreea Maria Farcas ◽  
Radu Nicolae Oprean
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Concise Information ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods

Background and aims. The success of a treatment depends on the effectiveness of the medication regimen, provided that patients take the medicines as prescribed. A low rate of adherence in chronic conditions is associated with poor outcome and decreased quality of life, which constitutes an additional burden for the healthcare systems. To correctly identify the dimension of this problem may be a challenge, as there are numerous methods, definitions, patient settings and factors, each with their specific roles. Our aim was to give an appropriate overview of the most common validated methods that can be used to identify non-adherent patients. Methods. This overview is based on an online search of PubMed database and includes the relevant articles in this field. Results. We included both direct and indirect methods for measuring treatment adherence and presented concise information that can help researchers and clinicians when choosing an appropriate method. Both subjective and objective methods have advantages and disadvantages that should be fully understood and taken into consideration. Conclusions. Choosing a simple, accurate and inexpensive method that can give supplementary information about the patterns, beliefs and barriers of adherence would be desirable. But because this perfect method to measure treatment adherence does not exist, the best solution seems to be the combined use of at least two methods.

scholarly journals Image Quality in Augmented Binocular Vision: QoE Approximations with QoS and EEG

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Seeling
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gamma Frequency

Augmented reality (AR) applications become increasingly popular, however, little is known about how multimedia consumption interplays with the Quality of Experience (QoE) in these settings. We experimentally evaluate binocular vision augmentation with optical see-through devices by contrasting QoE, expressed by Mean Opinion Scores (MOS), with a ground truth reference data set. We find that the QoE in AR settings (i) is higher for small media impairments and lower for high impairment levels compared to opaque settings, (ii) exhibits an emerging quantifiable relationship with the QoE in traditional setups, (iii) can be approached with common objective image quality metrics as Quality of Service (QoS) factors, and (iv) exhibits a relationship between the Low Gamma frequency band levels determined with consumer-grade electroencephalograms (EEG) and image quality levels as rated by the participants.

scholarly journals Augmented Reality in Precision Farming: Concepts and Applications

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1454-1468
Author(s):  
William Hurst ◽  
Frida Ruiz Mendoza ◽  
Bedir Tekinerdogan
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Mapping Algorithms ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
The Many

The amount of arable land is limited, yet the demand for agricultural food products is increasing. This issue has led to the notion of precision farming, where smart city-based technologies (e.g., Internet of Things, digital twins, artificial intelligence) are employed in combination to cater for increased production with fewer resources. Widely used in manufacturing, augmented reality has demonstrated impactful solutions for information communication, remote monitoring and increased interaction. Yet, the technology has only recently begun to find a footing alongside precision farming solutions, despite the many benefits possible to farmers through augmenting the physical world with digital objects. Therefore, this article reflects on literature discussing current applied solutions within agriculture, where augmented realty has demonstrated a significant impact for monitoring and production. The findings discuss that augmented reality must be coupled with other technologies (e.g., simultaneous localization and mapping algorithms, global positioning systems, and sensors), specifically 9 are identified across 2 application domains (livestock and crop farming) to be beneficial. Attention is also provided on how augmented reality should be employed within agriculture, where related-work examples are drawn from in order to discuss suitable hardware approaches and constraints (e.g., mobility).

scholarly journals Application of Augmented Reality Technology as Alternative Media for Tourism Promotion in Banyumas Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Anggar Ranawijaya ◽  
Emi Iryanti ◽  
Ferdinanda
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Augmented Reality Technology ◽  
The Media ◽  
Position And Orientation ◽  
Diverse Culture

Augmented Reality (AR) is known as an interactive technology that is able to project virtual objects into real objects in real time. Banyumas is an example of a district that has a lot of tourism commodities because of its diverse culture and its lack of promotion. This promotional media was created using AR with marked based tracking method. This method utilizes the function of the marker as the media that acts to display the virtual object, the marker will be recognized by the application through the camera device regarding the position and orientation of the object. For the process of making this application using Unity as a tool and Vuforia as a database for markers. The testing phase using the ISO 25010 standard is an evaluation of the quality of the software system specifically based on product quality consisting of eight characteristics, namely functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, maintainability, and portability. This study uses three tests of eight characteristics, namely function suitability, compatibility and usability. The results of this application quality analysis obtained functional suitability test results of 97.5% and compatibility results obtained results of 100% for usability with a percentage of 88.6%.

scholarly journals Mobile Augmented Reality for Campus Visualization Using Markerless Tracking in an Indonesian Private University

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Budi Arifitama ◽  
Ghali Hanan ◽  
Muhammad Halim Rofiqi
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Private University ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Markerless Tracking ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
Structure Object

<p>Marker in augmented reality plays a major part to initiate a virtual object in an augmented environment. Choosing a correct and reliable marker would increase the chance of creating a more stable augmented object especially for visualizing a building structure. Unfortunately, most research on visualizing building structure uses a marker-based tracking approach where users must always bring a pre-printed paper as a tracking media. This creates a problem for every time users demonstrate a specific augmented structure object, they still need to bring a printed marker to show the augmented object. The purpose of this research is to investigate the applicability of markerless-based tracking as a solution whether it can substitute the marker-based tracking on augmented reality problems. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is used as a markerless tracking method where it tracked and mapped the surface environment using feature extraction, then set an anchor at the specified location where the augmented object visualization appears. The results of the research found that from a total of 30 object detection tests, 21 objects are successfully detected and 9 undetected objects, this shows that markerless-based tracking is applicable and can substitute marker-based tracking for a structural campus visualization.</p>

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