scholarly journals Friction Stir Processing on the Tribological, Corrosion, and Erosion Properties of Steel: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Alessandro M. Ralls ◽  
Ashish K. Kasar ◽  
Pradeep L. Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Erosion Properties ◽  
Processing Techniques

The eventual material degradation of steel components in bio-implant, marine, and high-temperature applications is a critical issue that can have widespread negative ramifications from a safety and economic point of view. Stemming from their tribological, corrosion, and erosion-based properties, there is an increasing need to address these issues effectively. As one solution, surface processing techniques have been proposed to improve these properties. However, common techniques tend to suffer from issues spanning from their practicality to their high costs and negative environmental impacts. To address these issues, friction-stir-processing (FSP) has been one technique that has been increasingly utilized due to its cost effective, non-polluting nature. By inducing large amounts of strain and plastic deformation, dynamic recrystallization occurs which can largely influence the tribological, corrosion, and erosion properties via surface hardening, grain refinement, and improvement to passive layer formation. This review aims to accumulate the current knowledge of steel FSP and to breakdown the key factors which enable its metallurgical improvement. Having this understanding, a thorough analysis of these processing variables in relation to their tribological, corrosion, and erosion properties is presented. We finally then prospect future directions for this research with suggestions on how this research can continue to expand.

The Role of Economic Evaluation in Dissemination and Implementation Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation Research

This chapter presents an overview of how D&I research can be evaluated from an economic point of view. Dissemination and implementation imposes costs upon knowledge purveyors, provider organizations, public health organizations, and payers (including governments). However, whether these added costs will result in improved service delivery and, perhaps more importantly, client outcomes and improvements in population health remain as open questions. If emerging studies reveal that defined implementation strategies are more cost effective than “usual” implementation, then policymakers and service providers will need to resource these added costs of implementation in order to assure the success and sustainability of high-quality health services over the long term.

scholarly journals Comparison between Concentrated Solar Power and Gas-Based Generation in Terms of Economic and Flexibility-Related Aspects in Chile

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Catalina Hernández Moris ◽  
Maria Teresa Cerda Guevara ◽  
Alois Salmon ◽  
Alvaro Lorca
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Cost Of Energy

The energy sector in Chile demands a significant increase in renewable energy sources in the near future, and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies are becoming increasingly competitive as compared to natural gas plants. Motivated by this, this paper presents a comparison between solar technologies such as hybrid plants and natural gas-based thermal technologies, as both technologies share several characteristics that are comparable and beneficial for the power grid. This comparison is made from an economic point of view using the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) metric and in terms of the systemic benefits related to flexibility, which is very much required due to the current decarbonization scenario of Chile’s energy matrix. The results show that the LCOE of the four hybrid plant models studied is lower than the LCOE of the gas plant. A solar hybrid plant configuration composed of a photovoltaic and solar tower plant (STP) with 13 h of storage and without generation restrictions has an LCOE 53 USD/MWh, while the natural gas technology evaluated with an 85% plant factor and a variable fuel cost of 2.0 USD/MMBtu has an LCOE of 86 USD/MWh. Thus, solar hybrid plants under a particular set of conditions are shown to be more cost-effective than their closest competitor for the Chilean grid while still providing significant dispatchability and flexibility.

Methodological Approach to Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Digital Projects Applying Internet of Things Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yu. Mishin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Iot Platforms

One of the key ones and most cost-effective technology from an economic point of view for the real sector is the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which is usually provided in the form of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, still does not have its own framework for assessing its economic efficiency. The author proposes a methodological approach based on a combination of classical methods of investment analysis and an architectural approach. From the information point of view the scientific work is based on cost-effectiveness studies of IoT projects, domestic and foreign scientific publications, IT cases and research on taxonomy of IoT platforms. The proposed approach may serve as the basis both for preparation of financial business cases and for facilitating the development of tools for objective assessment of the project initiatives attractiveness as part of implementation of the state digital development programs in Russia.

Fabrication of Al5083 surface hybrid nanocomposite reinforced by CNTs and Al2O3 nanoparticles using friction stir processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Ostovan ◽  
Sattar Amanollah ◽  
Meysam Toozandehjani ◽  
Ehsan Shafiei
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Uniform Dispersion

In the present study, friction stir processing was adopted for surface treatment of Al5083 by incorporation of CNT and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of the surface of Al5083/CNT, Al5083/Al2O3 and hybrid Al5083/CNT/Al2O3 nanocomposite were investigated and compared. The friction stir processing yielded a nearly uniform dispersion of CNTs and Al2O3 nanoparticles, irrespective of nanoparticle reinforcements and their weight fraction. Microstructural observations revealed that Al2O3 nanoparticles have dispersed in different zones including intra-grain and grain boundary zones while, CNTs are pinned into grain boundaries during friction stir processing. From mechanical point of view, hybridization of CNT/Al2O3 enhances the hardness (126 HV at stirred zone), strength (UTS of ∼487 MPa) and also wear resistance of Al5083/CNT/Al2O3 nanocomposites. The enhancement is attributed to the presence and combination of features of both CNT and Al2O3 nanoparticles which are different in nature; one spherical oxide and one nanotube.

EFFECT OF FRICTION STIR PROCESSING ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF CAST AZ91C MAGNESIUM ALLOY

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850213 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEHZAD HASSANI ◽  
RUDOLF VALLANT ◽  
FATHALLAH KARIMZADEH ◽  
MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN ENAYATI ◽  
SOHEIL SABOONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
T6 Heat Treatment ◽  
Az91c Magnesium Alloy

The corrosion behavior of as-cast AZ91C magnesium alloy was studied by performing friction stir processing (FSP) and FSP followed by solution annealing and then aging. Phase analysis, microstructural characterization, potentiodynamic polarization test and immersion tests were carried out to relate the corrosion behavior to the samples microstructure. The microstructural observations revealed the breakage and dissolution of coarse dendritic microstructure as well as the coarse secondary [Formula: see text]-Mg[Formula: see text]Al[Formula: see text] phase which resulted in a homogenized and fine grained microstructure (15[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m). T6 heat treatment resulted in an excessive growth and dispersion of the secondary phases in the microstructure of FSP zone. The potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests proved a significant effect of both FSP and FSP followed by T6 on increasing the corrosion resistance of the cast AZ91C magnesium alloy. Improve in corrosion resistance after FSP was attributed to grain refinement and elimination of segregations and casting defects which makes more adhesive passive layer. Increase in volume fraction of precipitations after T6 heat treatment is determined to be the main factor which stabilizes the passive layer at different polarization values and is considered to be responsible for increasing the corrosion resistance.

Corrosion Resistance of Friction Stir Processed AZ91D Magnesium Alloy under a Salt Fog Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Christopher Jolly ◽  
V. Karthik Srinivas ◽  
A.K. Lakshminarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
State Process ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
Equiaxed Grains ◽  
Salt Fog

Magnesium alloys are widely used in applications where weight reduction is of primary importance. MgAZ91D is an Mg-Al-Zn alloy and its application in the automotive sector is limited by its poor corrosion resistance. Recent advances in solid state processing techniques have made it easier to modify the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of various alloys. Friction stir processing (FSP) is such a solid-state process for surface and sub-surface modification, which increases the microstructural densification, thereby producing fine and equiaxed grains. Through this work, an attempt was made to analyse the effect of friction stir processing on the corrosion resistance of the alloy in an enclosed salt spray chamber. Micro-analysis tools like FESEM and EDS are used to supplement our results. It is seen that, FSP significantly contributes to the increase in the corrosion resistance by homogenising the distribution of α and β phases and hence making the use of the alloy more practical in moisture rich environments.

scholarly journals Energy consumption and seismic retrofitting interventions in the architectural heritage: building performance simulations of a historical building in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02099
Author(s):  
Mariangela De Vita ◽  
Raffaella D’Antonio ◽  
Antonio Mannella
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Heritage Building

This study focuses on retrofit interventions that allow a seismic improvement of the Architectural Heritage whose critical aspects are conservation and enhancement of existing buildings. During the last decades, designers and researchers have invested in the technical development of seismic retrofitting interventions with the aim of improving the structural performances in a cost-effective way without sacrificing the aesthetical aspects of valuable buildings. Moreover, recent research on historical masonry provided important references and data on the advantages of these interventions in the Architectural Heritage protection. Despite the technological progress, seismic interventions in terms of environmental performance still represent a critical issue, so it is essential to assess their effects on energetic behaviour. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effects of most used seismic retrofitting interventions on energy performance of a masonry historical buildings. The Authors present and analyse the hypothesis of seismic interventions applied on the masonry of a historical building located in the town of L’Aquila and severely damaged by an earthquake that in 2009 struck Abruzzo County, in Italy. The study includes results of building performance simulations (BPS) of the entire building, carried out with the software “Design Builder”, which allows the assessment of the seismic interventions from the environmental point of view on the basis of the variation of energy consumption and the internal comfort.

scholarly journals Pelleting Vineyard Pruning at Low Cost with a Mobile Technology

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
Antonio Scarfone ◽  
Luigi Pari
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Variable Distance ◽  
Intermediate Storage

The goal of this work was to test a patented pruning harvester and a mobile pelleting system specifically designed for the vineyard agripellet chain. Biomass was characterized before and after storage and after the pelleting stage. The performance, the fuel consumption, and the work quality of the harvester were assessed together with the productivity and the power consumption of the mobile pelleting system. Production costs of pellet were estimated for the whole logistic chain, considering two scenarios: Storage and pelleting directly at the farm site or at a dedicated location at variable distance from the fields. For comparison, the direct production of chips without pelleting was considered. Results indicate that harvester performance was quite good and comparable with commercial solutions; the chips produced exhibited excellent storage performance, allowing direct pelleting without forced drying; the pellet quality was good comparable with that produced from forestry biomass. From an economic point of view, in-field pelleting was the most cost-effective solution, with a good margin of profit up to 57€ t−1; on the other hand, when transport to an intermediate storage center is necessary, profit margin reduces gradually and fades off at an average 50 km distance from the fields.

scholarly journals Comparison of Surface Quality and Tool-Life of Glulam Window Elements after Planing

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Dobrzynski ◽  
Kazimierz A. Orlowski ◽  
Michal Biskup
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Solid Carbide ◽  
Surface Profiles ◽  
Wooden Surface

The quality of the surface of wooden elements, that have been planed, has a crucial importance in the whole production process, since the obtained effects affect the quality of wooden surface after finishing (painting). The occurrence of defects is usually the reason for qualifying a workpiece as scrap or for requiring additional work. This paper presents the selected results of research of the effect of the cutting tool wear on the surface quality of elements after planing. Research experiments were conducted on the SCM Superset Class machine tool. Glulam elements of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were researched. The raw material samples (semi-finished products), 6 m long before planing, had been machined by suppliers also by planing. These workpieces were selected according to the plant requirements, e.g. their moisture content, straightness, and other defects. This paper presents the measuring results of surface roughness and some examples of surface profiles, as well as the dependence of total length of the planed elements on the type of blade material. From an economic point of view, the results showed that the use of solid carbide blades were more cost effective.

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