Methodological Approach to Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Digital Projects Applying Internet of Things Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yu. Mishin ◽  

One of the key ones and most cost-effective technology from an economic point of view for the real sector is the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which is usually provided in the form of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, still does not have its own framework for assessing its economic efficiency. The author proposes a methodological approach based on a combination of classical methods of investment analysis and an architectural approach. From the information point of view the scientific work is based on cost-effectiveness studies of IoT projects, domestic and foreign scientific publications, IT cases and research on taxonomy of IoT platforms. The proposed approach may serve as the basis both for preparation of financial business cases and for facilitating the development of tools for objective assessment of the project initiatives attractiveness as part of implementation of the state digital development programs in Russia.

Author(s):  
Ramesh Raghavan

This chapter presents an overview of how D&I research can be evaluated from an economic point of view. Dissemination and implementation imposes costs upon knowledge purveyors, provider organizations, public health organizations, and payers (including governments). However, whether these added costs will result in improved service delivery and, perhaps more importantly, client outcomes and improvements in population health remain as open questions. If emerging studies reveal that defined implementation strategies are more cost effective than “usual” implementation, then policymakers and service providers will need to resource these added costs of implementation in order to assure the success and sustainability of high-quality health services over the long term.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Catalina Hernández Moris ◽  
Maria Teresa Cerda Guevara ◽  
Alois Salmon ◽  
Alvaro Lorca

The energy sector in Chile demands a significant increase in renewable energy sources in the near future, and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies are becoming increasingly competitive as compared to natural gas plants. Motivated by this, this paper presents a comparison between solar technologies such as hybrid plants and natural gas-based thermal technologies, as both technologies share several characteristics that are comparable and beneficial for the power grid. This comparison is made from an economic point of view using the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) metric and in terms of the systemic benefits related to flexibility, which is very much required due to the current decarbonization scenario of Chile’s energy matrix. The results show that the LCOE of the four hybrid plant models studied is lower than the LCOE of the gas plant. A solar hybrid plant configuration composed of a photovoltaic and solar tower plant (STP) with 13 h of storage and without generation restrictions has an LCOE 53 USD/MWh, while the natural gas technology evaluated with an 85% plant factor and a variable fuel cost of 2.0 USD/MMBtu has an LCOE of 86 USD/MWh. Thus, solar hybrid plants under a particular set of conditions are shown to be more cost-effective than their closest competitor for the Chilean grid while still providing significant dispatchability and flexibility.


Author(s):  
Anatoliy Babaskin

Іintroduction. Despite the fact that a significant number of scientific publications by well-known Ukrainian authors are devoted to the issues of legal regulation of credit obligations, at the same time separate studies of banking legislation requirements on "acceptability of collateral" have not been conducted in Ukrainian civil science in recent years. This, taking into account the gradual alignment of banking legislation of Ukraine with the standards of Basel III, and Directive 2002/47 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 June 2002 on financial collateral mechanisms, necessitates such scientific research. The aim of the article. On the basis of the analysis of the legislation of Ukraine, the legislation of the European Union, scientific advances in the sphere of civil law and banking legislation, in the context of the analysis of the banking legislation of Ukraine, it is safe for creditors. In order to achieve this goal: 1. Conduct an analysis of civil and legal species for the protection of crops for the subject of іх possible delivery to “acceptable safety” and vrahuvannya banks when opening a credit card. 2. Significantly "quasi-security", as viewed by the banking legislation in the form of "acceptable security" for credit cards. 3. Zdіysniti analysis of the approaches to the legislation of the EU in the field of protection from credit denominations. Results. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge. In particular, the dialectical method, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative law method, the functional method, the modeling method, etc. Conclusions. First, the banking legislation does not consider as "acceptable collateral" such types of collateral as penalty, surety, deposit, retention. Secondly, the banking legislation considers as "acceptable collateral" not only those specified in Part 1 of Art. 546 of the Civil Code of Ukraine types of security for performance of obligations (pledge, right of trust ownership, guarantee), and other types of security for performance of obligations provided by law or contract (reserve letter of credit, performing the function of financial guarantee, guarantees of public entities, guarantee payment), but also contractual constructions which do not concern types of maintenance of performance of obligations (repo agreements). Thus, the banking legislation considers collateral in credit operations from the economic point of view, according to which "acceptable collateral" is only such liquid collateral that guarantees the rapid recovery of the property of the creditor bank, which suffered damage due to default or improper performance of the counterparty loan obligation, as well as "quasi-collateral", if such is referred by banking legislation to "acceptable collateral". Third, the existence of rules in the banking legislation on the acceptability of collateral in no way affects the right of banks to use any type of collateral provided by law or contract, if the application of such is possible in credit relations, taking into account the legal nature of the relevant types. software. Fourth, the set of regulations of the National Bank of Ukraine on the acceptability of collateral can be considered as an institution of banking law, which includes as rules of civil law governing the types of collateral, other rules of contract law governing other "quasi-collateral" contractual constructions, as well as public-law special norms of banking legislation, which establish additional regulatory requirements for banks to ensure credit operations and calculate credit risk.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Marques

PurposeThis viewpoint aims to explore the question: How can we restart and monitor the path towards the tourism of the future?Design/methodology/approachThis paper identifies the progress made at scientific, institutional, political and technological levels, and how it is possible to foresee that we will enter in a new era of tourism indicators.FindingsA significant body of literature clearly demonstrates that tourism cannot be viewed simply from an economic point of view as it has a great influence on sociocultural and environmental dimensions. The impact of tourism and how to ensure its long-term success has been invoked for the last few decades, leading to the direct consideration of sustainability indicators in a wide array of scientific publications. However, despite significant advances, the lack of funding, lack of support or interest from the political community, bureaucracies or lack of methodological guidance and of technical skills along the entire value chain pose clear challenges to the development and adoption of wide data systems to support sustainable tourism policies.Originality/valueThe paper sheds light on the Portuguese position regarding the recovery of the tourism sector in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also highlights the commitment to knowledge and monitoring of sustainability in tourism, articulated at international level, and how this is essential in order to make progress and to overcome the challenges facing the sector. At the same time, it demonstrates how fundamental it is to identify solutions to boost the potential of tourism as an economic, social, environmental and cultural phenomenon.


Author(s):  
Elena ȘURCĂ

From an economic point of view, efficiency implies the use of resources, of any kind, at maximum efficiency, or else the relation between effect and effort is over unit. In any kind of activity economic efficiency is the basis for its start. In the present paper, the level of economic efficiency for rape crops will be determined, according to two technological systems: conventional and organic. The revenue structure, and especially the expenditure, will be found in the income and expenditure budget of the culture. We will compare the value of production, production costs, but also yield or rate of return. In the continuation of the study, a set of indicators of economic efficiency will be calculated for each crop system, which will be subjected to a mirror analysis, to determine the feasibility of rapeseed crops as accurately as possible. Finally, the results will be presented, the profitability of the crop according to the system, the level of the profit and the recommendations regarding the future way of growing the rapeseed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Antonio Pico Valencia ◽  
Juan A. Holgado-Terriza ◽  
Deiver Herrera-Sánchez ◽  
José Luis Sampietro

Recently, the scientific community has demonstrated a special interest in the process related to the integration of the agent-oriented technology with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. Then, it arises a novel approach named Internet of Agents (IoA) as an alternative to add an intelligence and autonomy component for IoT devices and networks. This paper presents an analysis of the main benefits derived from the use of the IoA approach, based on a practical point of view regarding the necessities that humans demand in their daily life and work, which can be solved by IoT networks modeled as IoA infrastructures. It has been presented 24 study cases of the IoA approach at different domains ––smart industry, smart city and smart health wellbeing–– in order to define the scope of these proposals in terms of intelligence and autonomy in contrast to their corresponding generic IoT applications.


Author(s):  
Tatyana Nikolaevna Bessonova ◽  
Ekaterina Andreevna Romenskaya

The article presents an overview of scientific publications on institutions of entrepreneurship development. It has been stated that most of publications consider three main issues: the definition of such institutions, their typology and methodological tools for assessing the effectiveness of functioning. There have been determined the specific features of the institution of entrepreneurship development in the Northern raw materials regions: Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District - Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. It has been found that the institution of entrepreneurship development in the regions under consideration is at the stage of its formation. There is a sufficient infrastructure to support small businesses. The lack of unified methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the institution of entrepreneurship development and a large number of different structures do not allow to manage purposefully the process of entrepreneurship development. A methodological approach to assessing the socio-economic efficiency of the entrepreneurship institute on the basis of target indicators and criteria for the social and economic efficiency of budgetary investments directed through institutions of entrepreneurship development has been proposed. The presented methodological approach includes five stages: determination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the institution of entrepreneurship development; identification of problems based on the analysis; formation of a system of goals; developing criteria for the social and economic efficiency of budget investments. As criteria for the social efficiency of budget investments it was proposed to use the following factors: population employment, expanding the range of services, increasing transport permeability, maintaining traditional activities of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North. The criteria of economic efficiency include the innovative nature of entrepreneurship, the decrease in the mono-profile of the regional economy, the development of competitive products, the promotion of the formation of an information society. The final stage provides correlating the feasibility and possibilities of directing budgetary investments to the institution of entrepreneurship development in order to achieve the target indicators. The recommended methodological approach makes it possible to formulate the priorities of the institution of entrepreneurship development at the regional level and to allocate budgetary funds with maximum efficiency.


Author(s):  
Darina Matisková

This article is about the economics aspects on optimization of components production are nowadays very current issue. Article is about the criteria of economic efficiency of production of mechanical components for machine tools and CNC machines. The machinability of materials is considered to be a parameter which characterizes the machined material in the process of cutting and expresses the degree of machining effectivity in terms of material of a product and is expressed by mathematical model.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Alessandro M. Ralls ◽  
Ashish K. Kasar ◽  
Pradeep L. Menezes

The eventual material degradation of steel components in bio-implant, marine, and high-temperature applications is a critical issue that can have widespread negative ramifications from a safety and economic point of view. Stemming from their tribological, corrosion, and erosion-based properties, there is an increasing need to address these issues effectively. As one solution, surface processing techniques have been proposed to improve these properties. However, common techniques tend to suffer from issues spanning from their practicality to their high costs and negative environmental impacts. To address these issues, friction-stir-processing (FSP) has been one technique that has been increasingly utilized due to its cost effective, non-polluting nature. By inducing large amounts of strain and plastic deformation, dynamic recrystallization occurs which can largely influence the tribological, corrosion, and erosion properties via surface hardening, grain refinement, and improvement to passive layer formation. This review aims to accumulate the current knowledge of steel FSP and to breakdown the key factors which enable its metallurgical improvement. Having this understanding, a thorough analysis of these processing variables in relation to their tribological, corrosion, and erosion properties is presented. We finally then prospect future directions for this research with suggestions on how this research can continue to expand.


Author(s):  
Olena Suhina

Valuation of natural resources, in particular ecosystem resources, occupies one of the leading places in modern economic theory. It should be noted that all methodological and methodical approaches used in world practice to determine the value of natural resources, in their economic essence evaluate each object of using the nature as a commodity that can be bought, sold, leased, etc. This approach is based on an economic point of view and does not take into account the ecological properties of this resource (for example, forest is evaluated exclusively as wood – raw material for the woodworking industry, and its assimilative and oxygen-producing properties are not taken into account). In the article we propose a methodological approach to the valuation of ecosystem assets of territorial communities that provide assimilation and oxygen production services to society, which is based on the ecological-economic point of view. The essence of this method is that the valuation of ecosystem resources is determined by the cost of their ecosystem services that they provide to society throughout its life cycle. Moreover, when carrying out a summary valuation of various ecosystem assets (forest, water, land), the latter must be valued by the same (identical) method. The paper proposes an algorithm and a specific mathematical apparatus that allows to determine the value of any ecosystem resource and on its basis to determine the complex value of ecosystems owned by local communities. Tables of data on the volumes of carbon dioxide absorption by plants of Ukraine, which most intensively assimilate carbon dioxide, on indicators of oxygen release by plants and on the duration of the life cycle of certain species of trees and shrubs. It is these indicators can be used as performance characteristics in the proposed mathematical apparatus in the valuation of ecosystem assets. It is noted that the availability of valuation of ecosystem assets will allow, both at the state and local levels, to make appropriate management decisions on their effective use.


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