scholarly journals Beach and Dune Erosion: Causes and Interventions, Case Study: Kaulon Archaeological Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Barbaro ◽  
Giandomenico Foti ◽  
Giuseppina Chiara Barillà ◽  
Ferdinando Frega
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Dune Systems ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Sea Storm

The dune systems are very important from an environmental, landscape, and coastal defense point of view within coastal areas. Currently, dune systems are significantly reduced compared to a few decades ago and, in Europe alone, dune systems have decreased by 70%. During the same period, intense beach erosion processes have often been observed, and, currently, 30% of the world’s coasts are eroding. These processes have various causes, both natural and anthropogenic, and the knowledge of the causes of the erosive processes are very important for an effective planning and management of coastal areas and to correctly plan any interventions on dunes and beaches. The paper, through a case study, analyzes the beach and dune erosive processes, their causes, and the possible interventions. The case study concerns the archaeological site of Kaulon, located on a dune in the Ionian coast of Calabria (Italy). The beach near the site was affected by erosive processes and during the winter of 2013–2014, the site was damaged by two sea storms. To identify the causes of these processes, three erosive factors were analyzed. These factors are anthropogenic pressure, wave climate and sea storms, and river transport. The effects produced by these factors were assessed in terms of shoreline changes and of damage to the beach–dune system, also evaluating the effectiveness of the defense interventions. The main causes of the erosive processes were identified through the cross analysis of erosive factors and their effects. This analysis highlighted that in the second half of the last century the erosive processes are mainly correlated to anthropogenic pressure while, recently, natural factors prevail, especially sea storms. Regarding the interventions, the effects produced by two interventions carried out during the winter of 2013–2014, one built in urgency between the first and second sea storm and the other built a few years after the second sea storm were analyzed. This analysis highlighted that the latter intervention was more effective in defending the site.

scholarly journals Effects of Anthropogenic Pressures on Dune Systems—Case Study: Calabria (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Giandomenico Foti ◽  
Giuseppe Barbaro ◽  
Giuseppina Chiara Barillà ◽  
Ferdinando Frega
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Dune Systems ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Second World

During the second half of the last century, considerable anthropization processes were observed throughout most of the Italian territory. These processes have altered the equilibrium conditions of several river and coastal ecosystems, causing the destruction of numerous dune systems. This issue is particularly important in territories such as Calabria, a region in southern Italy subject to considerable anthropogenic pressures and characterized by over 700 km of coast. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on the Calabrian dune systems, especially in regard to the triggering of coastal erosion processes. For this purpose, historical and current cartographic data, such as shapefiles, cartography, and satellite imagery, were analyzed using QGIS. This evaluation was carried out through the comparison between the current extension of the dune systems and their extensions after the Second World War, before the anthropogenic pressures. This evaluation was also carried out through the analysis of shoreline changes in coastal areas, where dune systems are currently present, and in coastal areas where dune systems have been partially or totally destroyed by anthropogenic causes, compared to the 1950s, thus excluding coastal areas without dune systems in the 1950s, and analyzing what was built in place of the destroyed dune systems. Two criteria were defined to identify the levels of destruction of the dune systems and to identify the coastal erosion processes. The analysis showed a strong correlation between the destruction of dune systems by anthropogenic causes and the triggering of coastal erosion processes.

scholarly journals Sand Trapping Fences as a Nature-Based Solution for Coastal Protection: An International Review with a Focus on Installations in Germany

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Christiane Eichmanns ◽  
Simone Lechthaler ◽  
Wiebke Zander ◽  
Mariana Vélez Pérez ◽  
Holger Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
International Review ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Dune Systems ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Porous Fence

Sand trapping fences are a widely used nature-based solution to initiate dune toe growth along sandy shorelines for coastal protection. At present, the construction of sand trapping fences is based on empirical knowledge, since only a few scientific studies investigating their efficiency exist. However, the restoration and maintenance of beach-dune systems along the coast requires knowledge of the interaction between the beach-dune system and the sand trapping fences to provide guidance for coastal managers on how and where to install the fences. First, this review gives an overview of the typical aerodynamic and morphodynamic conditions around a single porous fence and the influence of various fence height and porosity values to understand the physical processes during dune establishment. Second, different approaches for evaluating the efficiency of sand trapping fences to trap sediment are described. This review then highlights significant differences between sand trapping fence configurations, nationally as well as internationally, regarding the arrangement, the materials used, and the height and porosity. In summary, it is crucial to enable an intensive exchange among the respective coastal authorities in order to create uniform or transferable guidelines taking local conditions into account, and thus work collaboratively on the idea of sand trapping fences as a nature-based solution in coastal areas worldwide.

scholarly journals A Rational Method for the Design of Sand Dike/Dune Systems at Sheltered Sites; Wadden Sea Coast of Texel, The Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Luitze Perk ◽  
Leo van Rijn ◽  
Kimberley Koudstaal ◽  
Jan Fordeyn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Rational Method ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Dune Systems ◽  
Extreme Storm

A rational method for the design of sand dike/dune systems at sheltered sites is presented, focussing on the cross-shore dimensions of the sand dike in relation to the local wave climate, tidal regime and available sandy materials. The example case is the new sand dike/dune system along the south-east coast of Texel, The Netherlands. The old dike protecting the island was not sufficiently strong to withstand an extreme storm event and has been strengthened by a new sand dune/dike. Various empirical and numerical models have been used, compared and validated to determine the erosion volumes during annual conditions and extreme storm events. Potential wind-induced (aeolian) sediment transport and erosion is also studied using the modified Bagnold-equation including the effects of grain size, moisture content and vegetation. The overall design method resulted into an innovative design solution, guarantying a naturally integrated and resilient sand protection as well as optimal coastal safety.

scholarly journals LONG TERM BEACH EROSION: MORPHODYNAMIC CASE STUDY IN MONT-ROIG BEACH, SPAIN

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Jordi Galofré ◽  
Jordi Galofré ◽  
Dolores Ortiz ◽  
Raúl Medina
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Classical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Aspects

Long term coastal erosion in beaches induced by long-shore sediment transport is an important aspect to be taken account in beach behavior. If anthropogenic impacts in coastal stretch (harbor, detached breakwaters, lack of sediments from streams and gullies, and urban pressure) interrupting long-shore currents and transport and decreasing sediment supply, the coastal equilibrium disappears. In this paper a case study is shown in order to analyze long term beach behavior in a coastal stretch affected by erosion. After a brief description of morphological aspects, causes and effects that have incidence on the case study area will be shown. General background and coastal works are detailed. The ideas based on a classical analysis of beach behavior are exposed and results obtained from bathymetric analysis and numerical models are showed. Morphology, wave climate, morphodynamics and sediment budget are evaluated and morphodynamic beach behavior is proposed. A diagnosis is made and mitigation proposal for coastal erosion will be proposed.

scholarly journals The Severe 2013–14 Winter Storms in the Historical Evolution of Cantabrian (Northern Spain) Beach-Dune Systems

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Garrote ◽  
Aurora Díaz-Álvarez ◽  
Hélio Nganhane ◽  
Guillermina Garzón Heydt
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Images ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Winter Storms ◽  
Dune Systems ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Analysis System

The 2013–14 winter storms were the most energetic storms in the European Atlantic on record since at least 1948. They caused intense erosive processes along the coast, similar to those described previously in places such as the United Kingdom and France. In this study, an analysis is conducted of the historical evolution (1956–2017) of four dune systems in the region of Cantabria (northern Spain) and their response to such storms. The analysis uses aerial images (from 1956, 2002, 2010, 2014, and 2017) implemented in ArcGIS, and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) model for the estimation of a series of statistical parameters relative to the historical behavior of the shoreline. The DSAS model allows a geometric structure to be calculated that is flexible and can be adapted to the morphological conditions of the coast. The results obtained from the model for the entire historical period and the pre-storm analysis show clear variability in the evolution of the dune systems, while the post-storm analysis yields homogeneous results that indicate significant erosion, with no signs of recovery. The limited time elapsed since the 2013–14 winter storm clustering and the high interannual energy variability of the subsequent winters seem to be behind the absence of evidence of dune system recovery and even the increase in the erosion processes observed in some cases.

WAVE CLIMATE OF THE BLACK SEA’S COASTAL WATERS DURING THE LAST THREE DECADES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor Gippius ◽  
Fedor Gippius ◽  
Stanislav Myslenkov ◽  
Stanislav Myslenkov ◽  
Elena Stoliarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Computational Grid ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Wave Parameters

This study is focused on the alterations and typical features of the wind wave climate of the Black Sea’s coastal waters since 1979 till nowadays. Wind wave parameters were calculated by means of the 3rd-generation numerical spectral wind wave model SWAN, which is widely used on various spatial scales – both coastal waters and open seas. Data on wind speed and direction from the NCEP CFSR reanalysis were used as forcing. The computations were performed on an unstructured computational grid with cell size depending on the distance from the shoreline. Modeling results were applied to evaluate the main characteristics of the wind wave in various coastal areas of the sea.

TIDAL FLATS DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF COASTAL AREAS —A CASE STUDY OF YANCHENG CHINA

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
XU HUILIN ◽  
CHEN HUIHUI ◽  
ZHOU WEI ◽  
FU JIAJIA
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Dynamic Growth

Tidal fats resources is an important resource in coastal areas of China, which shows a trend of dynamic growth. Ratonal development and efectve utlizaton of tdal fats resources can alleviate the contradicton between more people and less land in China, and is of great signifcance to the development of coastal economy and the protecton of ecological environment in China. Taking Yancheng Tidal Flats of Coastal Areas as an example, analyzes the present situaton of development and utlizaton and the existng problems at the present stage. Relying on the existng industrial foundaton, this paper puts forward the development and utlizaton model of strengthening the constructon of port-neighboring industry, towns and ecological leisure tourism on the basis of modern agriculture

scholarly journals New insights to assess the consolidation of stone materials used in built heritage: the case study of ancient graffiti (Tituli Picti) in the archaeological site of Pompeii

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo ◽  
Natalia Rovella ◽  
Anna Arcudi ◽  
Vincenza Crupi ◽  
Domenico Majolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Materials Used

scholarly journals Multitemporal–Multispectral UAS Surveys for Archaeological Research: The Case Study of San Vincenzo Al Volturno (Molise, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2719
Author(s):  
Nicodemo Abate ◽  
Alessia Frisetti ◽  
Federico Marazzi ◽  
Nicola Masini ◽  
Rosa Lasaponara
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Low Altitude

Unmanned aerial vehicles are currently the most used solution for cultural heritage in the field of close range and low altitude acquisitions. This work shows data acquired by multitemporal and multispectral aerial surveys in the archaeological site of San Vincenzo al Volturno (Molise, Italy). The site is one of the most important medieval archaeological sites in the world. It is a monastic settlement that was particularly rich during the early Middle Ages, and is famous for its two full-frescoed crypts which represent a milestone in the history of medieval art. Thanks to the use of multispectral aerial photography at different times of the year, an area not accessible to archaeological excavation has been investigated. To avoid redundancy of information and reduce the number of data to be analysed, a method based on spectral and radiometric enhancement techniques combined with a selective principal component analysis was used for the identification of useful information. The combination of already published archaeological data and new remote sensing discoveries, has allowed to better define the situation of the abbey during the building phases of the 8th/9th century and 11th century, confirming and adding new data to the assumptions made by archaeologists.

Coupling compositional data analysis (CoDA) with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for preliminary understanding of the dynamics of a complex water distribution system: the Naples (south Italy) case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooria Ebrahimi ◽  
Stefano Albanese ◽  
Leopoldo Esposito ◽  
Daniela Zuzolo ◽  
Domenico Cicchella
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Global Concern

Providing safe tap water has been a global concern. Water scarcity, the ever-increasing water demand, temporal variation of water consumption, aging urban water infrastructure and anthropogenic pressure on the water...

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