scholarly journals The Ocean-Going Autonomous Ship—Challenges and Threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Felski ◽  
Karolina Zwolak
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vessel ◽  
Autonomous Ship ◽  
Surface Vessel

Unmanned vehicles have become a part of everyday life, not only in the air, but also at sea. In the case of sea, until now this usually meant small platforms operating near shores, usually for surveying or research purposes. However, experiments with larger cargo vessels, designed to operate on the high seas are already being carried out. In this context, there are questions about the threats that this solution may pose for other sea users, as well as the safety of the unmanned vehicle itself and the cargo or equipment on board. The problems can be considered in the context of system reliability as well as the resilience to interference or other intentional actions directed against these objects—for example, of a criminal nature. The paper describes the dangers that arise from the specificity of systems that can be used to solve navigational problems, as well as the analysis of the first experiences of the authors arising from the transit of an unmanned surface vessel (USV) from the United Kingdom to Belgium and back, crossing the busiest world shipping route—the English Channel.

scholarly journals The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Integrated with the Unmanned Surface Vessel Mapping the Southern Ionian Sea. The Winning Technology Solution of the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Zwolak ◽  
Rochelle Wigley ◽  
Aileen Bohan ◽  
Yulia Zarayskaya ◽  
Evgenia Bazhenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Multibeam Echosounder ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Sonar ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vessel ◽  
Surface Vessel

The methods of data collection, processing, and assessment of the quality of the results of a survey conducted at the Southern Ionian Sea off the Messinian Peninsula, Greece are presented. Data were collected by the GEBCO-Nippon Foundation Alumni Team, competing in the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, during the Final Round of the competition. Data acquisition was conducted by the means of unmanned vehicles only. The mapping system was composed of a single deep water AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), equipped with a high-resolution synthetic aperture sonar HISAS 1032 and multibeam echosounder EM 2040, partnered with a USV (Unmanned Surface Vessel). The USV provided positioning data as well as mapping the seafloor from the surface, using a hull-mounted multibeam echosounder EM 304. Bathymetry and imagery data were collected for 24 h and then processed for 48 h, with the extensive use of cloud technology and automatic data processing. Finally, all datasets were combined to generate a 5-m resolution bathymetric surface, as an example of the deep-water mapping capabilities of the unmanned vehicles’ cooperation and their sensors’ integration.

scholarly journals Concept Design of an Unmanned Surface Vessel for Offshore Cargo Delivery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nair ◽  
A Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Concept Design ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vessel ◽  
Autonomous Ship ◽  
And Control ◽  
Surface Vessel

A technological push for the adoption of unmanned surface vessels is afoot in the marine industry, keeping abreast with the developments in the land and aviation transportation sector. The adoption of technology has the potential to improve efficiency and safety of operations, to transfer onshore human activity relating to vessel control and to make working conditions for ‘crew’ more appealing. Houlder Ltd, with its entrenched vessel and equipment design competencies serving the marine, offshore and defense sectors, has designed the concept of an unmanned surface vessel for offshore operations and maintenance. The project has been undertaken jointly with automation and control and marine logistics experts in the U.K. This paper presents the Houlder unmanned surface vessel concept design, delivering units of cargo to an offshore windfarm monopile platform. The project has been devised as part of the (Windfarm Autonomous Ship) project supported by Innovate UK and other project partners. Decoupling onboard human intervention from vessel operation has prompted rethinking on the vessel layout and re-examination of the suitability of current regulations. The design considerations have revised the spatial requirements and machinery systems for the unmanned and intended function. Further, the design has incorporated an innovative cargo handling.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Four Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains Isolated from the English Channel and the River Thames

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Witherall ◽  
Sariqa Wagley ◽  
Clive Butler ◽  
Charles R. Tyler ◽  
Ben Temperton
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the lead causative agent for seafood-borne human gastroenteritis. While its occurrence has traditionally been uncommon in Europe and the United Kingdom, rising sea surface temperatures have resulted in an increased prevalence. Here, we present the complete genome sequences of four novel V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated in the United Kingdom.

Traffic in the English Channel and Dover Strait: I—Traffic Surveys

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Recent Increase ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Present Rate

The Dover Strait is not the most congested stretch of narrow water in the world but it is the gateway used by ships of almost every kind on passage to and from nearly all the important ports in northwest Europe, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom. While the recent increase in shipping may not continue at its present rate, the modern trend towards larger vessels and higher speeds has enhanced the hazards to navigation in narrow waters and port approaches, while the volume and nature of modern cargoes have dramatically increased the risk of widespread pollution in the event of any major snipping casualty.

scholarly journals Detection of the pufferfish toxin tetrodotoxin in European bivalves, England, 2013 to 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Turner ◽  
A Powell ◽  
A Schofield ◽  
D N Lees ◽  
C Baker-Austin
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Bivalve Shellfish ◽  
Lethal Doses

We report the first detection of tetrodotoxins (TTX) in European bivalve shellfish. We demonstrate that TTX is present within the temperate waters of the United Kingdom, along the English Channel, and can accumulate in filter-feeding molluscs. The toxin is heat-stable and thus it cannot be eliminated during cooking. While quantified concentrations were low in comparison to published minimum lethal doses for humans, the results demonstrate that the risk to shellfish consumers should not be discarded.

The Doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty in Comparative Perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Ogorek
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Parliamentary Sovereignty ◽  
Humboldt University

For the German-trained lawyer, the process of coming to terms with the constitutional law of the United Kingdom can be disconcerting. This disorientation arises principally because the study of constitutional law on the other side of the English Channel seems to lack an appropriate object to deal with. State order in the United Kingdom is not based on a definitive constitutional document created at a particular point in history which would be in any way comparable to the German constitutional document, the Basic Law (Grundgesetz). In spite of this, as Helmut Weber so aptly noted in a talk before the Centre for British Studies of Berlin's Humboldt University, “British textbooks on constitutional law […] are no less numerous and no less comprehensive than German textbooks onVerfassungsrecht”. This observation is not in the least surprising. Even though it may be disputed that a UK constitution exists in the narrower and more common continental European sense of the term, it cannot be denied that the learned discourse forming the body of constitutional scholarship in the United Kingdom is regarded by jurists not only in Europe, but in all corners of the globe, as an important standard for the scholarly examination of their own constitutional systems. This is certainly due in large measure not only to the centuries-old traditions of English constitutional law, but also to its striking intellectual depth and variety.

Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Report of the Council for 1965-66

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-785 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Honorary Member ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Biological Association ◽  
Marine Biological Association ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Made In

The Council records with regret the deaths of Mr Morley H. Neale, C.B.E., Dr M. N.Hill, F.R.S., Prof. W. F. Whittard, F.R.S., and Prof. Hans Pettersson, For.Mem.R.S. Mr Morley Neale had been a member of Council on a number of occasions, a Vice-President of the Association since 1951, and by a gift made in 1958, he founded the Morley Neale Fund for 'the benefit or pleasure of the Plymouth Laboratory staff and ship's crews'. Dr Maurice Hill had for many years been associated with the life and work of the Laboratory and its ships. He first served on the Council in 1956 and was a member at the time of his death. Prof. Whittard had served on Council for two periods and in recent years had made a number of cruises in 'Sarsia' in the course of his investigations of the geology of the sea floor in the western English Channel. Prof. Hans Pettersson was elected an Honorary Member of the Association in 1949 and was at the time of his death second in seniority of the nine Honorary Members.

Immunity

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-118
Author(s):  
Mark Davis ◽  
Davina Lohm
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom

Immunity is another important biopolitical metaphor that helped to shape storytelling about swine flu in everyday life. Immunity has a double meaning in that it is a biomedical concept linked with bodies and vaccines, but it is also a legal concept concerning self and the suspension of responsibilities to collective life in particular circumstances. Chapter 5 explores how talk of personal immunity was seen as a means of surviving what was seen to be an unavoidable infection and also an individual possession open to acquisition and cultivation. This “choice immunity,” as we call it, appeared to trouble efforts by public health systems in the United Kingdom and Australia to promote vaccination, particularly in the collective sense of “herd immunity.”

Development of an Equipment and System Reliability Qualification Process for Unmanned Surface Vessels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Strickland ◽  
Domenic Carlucci ◽  
Chris Serratella ◽  
Meg Dowling ◽  
Rich Delpizzo
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Surface Vessels ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vessel ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Surface Vessel ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) requires one main propulsion system and one electrical generation and distribution system of the Navy’s Large Unmanned Surface Vessel to be qualified by a Senior Technical Authority. To address this, related Navy offices and the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) developed a process for a Navy-specific qualification for USV program equipment and systems to support verification of both design and reliability. This paper presented includes detailed discussions of the process increments (Product Design Assessment, Technology Readiness, Reliability Qualification) and a review of the full process using an example.

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