scholarly journals The DPSIR Approach for Coastal Risk Assessment under Climate Change at Regional Scale: The Case of Apulian Coast (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Bruno ◽  
Alessandra Saponieri ◽  
Matteo Gianluca Molfetta ◽  
Leonardo Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Coastal Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Risk

In the present paper, the coastal risk is assessed, at a regional scale, to produce a risk map that will help to prioritize policies and economic resources in coastal management and planning activities. The DPSIR method is here used taking into account processes and cause/effect relationship between Drivers and Pressures, which induce an alteration of actual State and, hence, Impacts on the environment, society and economy. The study area is located in South Italy (Apulia region), where the Risk Index is calculated and mapped for all municipalities facing the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. Both coastal Vulnerability and Exposure Indexes are firstly calculated according to the procedure suggested in the EUrosion project (EU model) as the product of specific indicators describing the state of coastal zones, their natural characteristics and both natural and anthropic pressures. Based on both EU model results and knowledge of states and pressures of the study area, a new modified model is then proposed (Mod.E.M.) and final risk maps compared. The comparison shows that new Vulnerability and Exposure indexes better describe the ongoing coastal processes and pressures and allow us to identify hot-spot sites where more detailed analyses could be further focused on. The Mod.E.M. has more than just a local significance since the case study includes coastal areas with so different characteristics, that it can be easily applied to other coastal regions. Moreover, to take into account climate change effects, Risk Index is evaluated under Representative Concentration Pathways R C P 4.5 and R C P 8.5 , mainly affecting the sea level rise and the storm surge level.

Coastal risk assessments due to hybrid disasters in Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Soon Kang ◽  
Hyeong-Min Oh ◽  
Soon-Mi Hwang ◽  
Ho-Kyun Kim ◽  
Kwang-Young Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Coastal Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Risk

<p>Korean coasts are exposed to high risks such as storm surge, storm-induced high waves and wave overtopping. Also, localized heavy rainfall events have occurred frequently due to climate change, too. Especially, since coastal urban areas depend heavily on pump and pipe systems, extreme rainfalls that exceed the design capacity of drainage facility result in increasing inland flood damage. Nevertheless, the population in Korea is concentrated in the coastal areas and the value and density of coastal utilization are increasing. In this study, the risk of hybrid disasters in the coastal areas was assessed for safe utilization and value enhancement of coastal areas. The framework of the coastal risk assessment has been adopted from the concept of climate change vulnerability of the IPCC(2001). Coastal Risk Index(CRI) in this study was defined as a function of Exposure and Sensitivity exclude Adaptive Capacity using GIS-based DBs. Indicators of Exposure consisted of a storm surge, storm-induced high waves, wave overtopping and rainfalls. Indicators of Sensitivity consisted of human(population density), property(buildings and roads), and geography(inundation area). All these indicators were gathered from government agencies, numerical model experiments(ADCIRC, unSWAN, FLOW3D and XP-SWMM model), and field surveys(Drone & Lidar survey). And then spatial analysis was performed by using a GIS program after passing the quality control and analyzed data were standardized and classified 4 grades; Attention(blue color), Caution(yellow color), Warning(orange color) and Danger(red color). This frame of risk assessment was first applied to Marine City, Haeundae in Busan, Korea which was heavily damaged by the typhoon CHABA in 2018. According to the assessment results, it was confirmed that the results were in good agreement with the observation data and damage range. At present, the study area of risk assessment is expanding to other areas. The results of coastal risk assessment are used as reference indicators to identify and prevent the cause of coastal disasters, establish countermeasures, determine the development or management of coastal areas based on GIS, thus will contribute to effective and safe coastal management.</p>

scholarly journals Topographic, soil, and climate drivers of drought sensitivity in forests and shrublands of the Pacific Northwest, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Cartwright ◽  
Caitlin E. Littlefield ◽  
Julia L. Michalak ◽  
Joshua J. Lawler ◽  
Solomon Z. Dobrowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Drought Sensitivity ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Climate change is anticipated to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts, with major impacts to ecosystems globally. Broad-scale assessments of vegetation responses to drought are needed to anticipate, manage, and potentially mitigate climate-change effects on ecosystems. We quantified the drought sensitivity of vegetation in the Pacific Northwest, USA, as the percent reduction in vegetation greenness under droughts relative to baseline moisture conditions. At a regional scale, shrub-steppe ecosystems—with drier climates and lower biomass—showed greater drought sensitivity than conifer forests. However, variability in drought sensitivity was considerable within biomes and within ecosystems and was mediated by landscape topography, climate, and soil characteristics. Drought sensitivity was generally greater in areas with higher elevation, drier climate, and greater soil bulk density. Ecosystems with high drought sensitivity included dry forests along ecotones to shrublands, Rocky Mountain subalpine forests, and cold upland sagebrush communities. In forests, valley bottoms and areas with low soil bulk density and high soil available water capacity showed reduced drought sensitivity, suggesting their potential as drought refugia. These regional-scale drought-sensitivity patterns discerned from remote sensing can complement plot-scale studies of plant physiological responses to drought to help inform climate-adaptation planning as drought conditions intensify.

ASSESSMENT OF STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LONG-TERM RIVER RUNOFF IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC IN CHANGING CLIMATE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kovalenko ◽  
Victor Kovalenko ◽  
Ekaterina Gaidukova ◽  
Ekaterina Gaidukova ◽  
Vitalii Khaustov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Flood Peak

The problems related to impact of the expected climate change and hydrological response assessment for the coastal zones of the Russian Arctic are discussed. The study presents the approach, which allows to perform climate-based forecasting of multi-year river runoff in form of probability density function (pdf) using theoretical distributions from K. Pearson's family. The advantage and limitation of the hydrological model allowing to predict the statistical characteristics of multi-year runoff, without producing projected time hydrological time series are discussed. The regional scale assessment of the multi-year the statistical characteristics of the spring flood peak runoff is evaluated using the climate projections from CMIP5 dataset as suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The alarm regions, where the socio-economical infrastructure and coastal systems have to be adapted to the expected climate are distinguished.

scholarly journals Coastal Risk Cultures: Local and Regional Formation of Knowledge and Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grit Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Path Dependencies ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Regional Formation ◽  
Coastal Risk ◽  
Risk Knowledge

This paper deals with how culture is expressed through the interplay of socially, politically, and economically driven processes and practices in place-based biophysical contexts as well as the role played by narrative expressions in the formation of coastal risk management, knowledge and action. It draws upon ethnographic, comparative, and historical approaches to understand how culture frames what we know and how we respond differently to risks. The research is based on the theoretical position that interpretation of risks and responses of social groups are shaped by frames of cultural knowledge and values, and investigates the influence resident’s values have in shaping the resilience of their community in two coastal regions in Germany and Italy. Information was derived from desk research, semi-structured, narrative interviews, and observation. Specifically, the author was interested in how residents’ views and narratives affected their risk behavior, shaped their needs and which role path dependencies and societal contexts played in the formation of risk knowledge, risk management and action. The author found that values, knowledge and identity highly matter in building community resilience. Moreover, the cases illustrate how past and present societal trajectories shape local and regional responses to climate change and why this concerns political decision makers at all levels, who are aiming to mainstream mitigation and adaptation strategies confronting climate change effects and in turn shaping resilience at local and regional levels.

scholarly journals Selecting coastal hotspots to storm impacts at the regional scale: a Coastal Risk Assessment Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Viavattene ◽  
J.A. Jiménez ◽  
O. Ferreira ◽  
S. Priest ◽  
D. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Coastal Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Risk

ASSESSMENT OF STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LONG-TERM RIVER RUNOFF IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC IN CHANGING CLIMATE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kovalenko ◽  
Victor Kovalenko ◽  
Ekaterina Gaidukova ◽  
Ekaterina Gaidukova ◽  
Vitalii Khaustov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Flood Peak

The problems related to impact of the expected climate change and hydrological response assessment for the coastal zones of the Russian Arctic are discussed. The study presents the approach, which allows to perform climate-based forecasting of multi-year river runoff in form of probability density function (pdf) using theoretical distributions from K. Pearson's family. The advantage and limitation of the hydrological model allowing to predict the statistical characteristics of multi-year runoff, without producing projected time hydrological time series are discussed. The regional scale assessment of the multi-year the statistical characteristics of the spring flood peak runoff is evaluated using the climate projections from CMIP5 dataset as suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The alarm regions, where the socio-economical infrastructure and coastal systems have to be adapted to the expected climate are distinguished.

scholarly journals Coastal Management Software to Support the Decision-Makers to Mitigate Coastal Erosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Coelho ◽  
Pedro Narra ◽  
Bárbara Marinho ◽  
Márcia Lima
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Management Software ◽  
Climate Change Effects

There are no sequential and integrated approaches that include the steps needed to perform an adequate management and planning of the coastal zones to mitigate coastal erosion problems and climate change effects. Important numerical model packs are available for users, but often looking deeply to the physical processes, demanding big computational efforts and focusing on specific problems. Thus, it is important to provide adequate tools to the decision-makers, which can be easily interpreted by populations, promoting discussions of optimal intervention scenarios in medium to long-term horizons. COMASO (coastal management software) intends to fill this gap, presenting a group of tools that can be applied in standalone mode, or in a sequential order. The first tool should map the coastal erosion vulnerability and risk, also including the climate change effects, defining a hierarchy of priorities where coastal defense interventions should be performed, or limiting/constraining some land uses or activities. In the locations identified as priorities, a more detailed analysis should consider the application of shoreline and cross-shore evolution models (second tool), allowing discussing intervention scenarios, in medium to long-term horizons. After the defined scenarios, the design of the intervention should be discussed, both in case of being a hard coastal structure or an artificial nourishment (third type of tools). Finally, a cost-benefit assessment tool should optimize the decisions, forecasting costs and benefits for each different scenario, through definition of economic values to the interventions and to the land/services/ecosystems, weighting all the environmental, cultural, social and historical aspects. It is considered that COMASO tools can help giving answers to the major problems of the coastal planning and management entities, integrating transversal knowledge in risk assessment, physical processes, engineering and economic evaluations. The integrated coastal zone management needs these tools to ensure sustainable coastal zones, mitigating erosion and climate change effects.

Climate change effects on native fauna of northeastern forestsThis article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Rodenhouse ◽  
Lynn M. Christenson ◽  
Dylan Parry ◽  
Linda E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Emissions Scenarios ◽  
Insect Populations

We review the observed and potential effects of climate change on native fauna of forests in northeastern North America by focusing on mammals, birds, amphibians, and insects. Our assessment is placed in the context of recent regional-scale climate projections. Climate change, particularly in recent decades, has affected the distribution and abundance of numerous wildlife species. Warming temperatures, alterations to precipitation regimes, seasonality, and climatic extremes are projected to affect species directly or indirectly in each of the focal taxa. Greatest climate change will occur during winter, and the survival of winter-active species as well as the survival, distribution, and abundance of hibernating mammals, amphibians, resident birds, and diapausing insects may be altered. Even under low emissions scenarios, effects on native fauna may be profound, affecting iconic species, endangered species, and species that provide economically valuable services, such as pollination and regulation of insect populations. However, much research that is essential to assessing the effects of climate change on the native fauna of northeastern forests remains to be done. Research that reveals causal mechanisms and relates these findings to population and community level processes will be most valuable.

scholarly journals A Combined Approach of Field Data and Earth Observation for Coastal Risk Assessment

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bruno ◽  
Matteo Molfetta ◽  
Luigi Pratola ◽  
Michele Mossa ◽  
Raffaele Nutricato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Coastal Monitoring ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Coastal Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Risk

The traditional approach for coastal monitoring consists in ground investigations that are burdensome both in terms of logistics and costs, on a national or even regional scale. Earth Observation (EO) techniques can represent a cost-effective alternative for a wide scale coastal monitoring. Thanks to the all-weather day/night radar imaging capability and to the nationwide acquisition plan named MapItaly, devised by the Italian Space Agency and active since 2010, COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) constellation is able to provide X-band images covering the Italian territory. However, any remote sensing approach must be accurately calibrated and corrected taking into account the marine conditions. Therefore, in situ data are essential for proper EO data selection, geocoding, tidal corrections and validation of EO products. A combined semi-automatic technique for coastal risk assessment and monitoring, named COSMO-Beach, is presented here, integrating ground truths with EO data, as well as its application on two different test sites in Apulia Region (South Italy). The research has shown that CSK data for coastal monitoring ensure a shoreline detection accuracy lower than image pixel resolution, and also providing several advantages: low-cost data, a short revisit period, operational continuity and a low computational time.

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