scholarly journals The Issue of Using Ordinal Quantities to Estimate the Vulnerability of Seabirds to Oil Spills

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1026
Author(s):  
Anatoly Shavykin ◽  
Andrey Karnatov
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Arithmetic Operations ◽  
Data Transformations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Relative Vulnerability

Oil spills can have a serious negative effect on seabirds. Numerous studies have been carried out for relative vulnerability assessment of seabirds to oil, with the majority of such works based on ordinal quantities. This study aims to assess (from the aspect of measurement theory) the methodological approaches used for calculating the vulnerability of seabirds to oil spills, and corresponding conclusions. We assess several well-known works on the vulnerability of seabirds (1979–2004). We consider the effect on derived conclusions of (a) monotonic initial data transformations on an ordinal scale, (b) multiplication operations on the same scale, and (c) the replacement of initial metric data to ordinal. Our results show the following: (a) the conclusions for arithmetic operations may not be saved with permissible monotonic transformations of ordinal quantities; (b) partially uncertain results can be obtained with arithmetic operations on an ordinal scale as compared with metric; (c) the replacement of metric values to scores changes the real relationships among initial data and affects the final result. Thus, conclusions in works which use arithmetic operations with ordinal quantities cannot be considered to be justified and correct, since they are based on unacceptable operations and, quite often, on the distorted original data.

What makes users willing or hesitant to use Fintech?: the moderating effect of user type

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sun Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Original Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Continuance Intention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Partial Least Squares Method ◽  
Benefit And Risk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to better understand why people are willing or hesitant to use Financial technology (Fintech) as well as to determine whether the effect of perceived benefits and risks of continuance intention differs depending on user types. Design/methodology/approach Original data were collected via a survey of 243 participants with Fintech usage experience. The partial least squares method was used to test the proposed model. Findings The results reveal that legal risk had the most negative effect on the Fintech continuance intention, while convenience had the strongest positive effect. Differences in specific benefit and risk impacts are found between early and late adopters. Originality/value This empirical study contributes to the novel understanding of the benefit and risk factors affecting the Fintech continuance intention.

scholarly journals Reproducibility, Diversity, and the Crisis of Inference in Psychology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moin Syed
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Psychological researchers have long sought to make universal claims about behavior and mental processes. The various crises in psychology—reproducibility, replication, measurement, theory, generalizability—have all demonstrated that such claims are premature, and perhaps impossible using mainstream theoretical and methodological approaches. Both the lack of diversity of samples and simplistic conceptualizations of diversity (e.g., WEIRD, individualism/collectivism) have contributed to an “inference crisis,” in which researchers are ill equipped to make sense of group variation in psychological phenomena, particularly with respect to race/ethnicity. This talk will highlight how the lack of sophisticated frameworks for understanding racial/ethnic differences is a major barrier to developing a reproducible, cumulative psychology.

scholarly journals Initial Dataset Dimension Reduction Using Principal Component Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Oļegs Užga-Rebrovs ◽  
Gaļina Kuļešova
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Dimension Reduction ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Processing ◽  
Implicit Form ◽  
Initial Dataset

Any data in an implicit form contain information of interest to the researcher. The purpose of data analysis is to extract this information. The original data may contain redundant elements and noise, distorting these data to one degree or another. Therefore, it seems necessary to subject the data to preliminary processing. Reducing the dimension of the initial data makes it possible to remove interfering factors and present the data in a form suitable for further analysis. The paper considers an approach to reducing the dimensionality of the original data based on principal component analysis.

Protective Services Reanalyzed: Does Casework Help or Harm?

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Dunkle ◽  
S. Walter Poulshock ◽  
Barbara Silverstone ◽  
Gary T. Deimling
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Negative Effect

The Blenkner research was interpreted to mean that casework had a negative effect on the elderly. Recent analysis of original data shows that these findings were not justified. The research did, however, generate important hypotheses that remain to be tested through a strong alliance between research and practice.

The Influence of Ethics and Locus of Control to Do Whistle blowing Intention with Profession of Auditor and Non-Auditor as a Moderating Variable

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Atika Zarefar ◽  
Arumega Zarefar
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Data Type ◽  
Multiple Linear Regressions ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Whistleblowing Intention

Objective - The purpose of this study is to know the influence of ethics and locus of control toward do whistleblowing intention with auditor and non-auditor profession as a moderating variable. Methodology/Technique - Model analysis used in this study is multiple linear regressions and based on the results of the questionnaire of 123 respondents; consist of 52 auditor respondents and 71 non auditor respondents. Findings - This study proves that ethics significantly give positive effect on the intention of doing whistleblowing, whereas locus of control significantly gives negative effect to the intention no whistleblowing. This study also proves that auditor and non-auditor profession can moderate the influence of ethics and locus of control to do whistleblowing intentions. Novelty - The study contribute literature with its original data. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Ethics; Locus of control; Profession of Auditor and Non-Auditor; Whistle blowing Intention. JEL Classification: J21, M41, M42.

scholarly journals Main Development Problems of Vulnerability Mapping of Sea-Coastal Zones to Oil Spills

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Shavykin ◽  
Andrey Karnatov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Vulnerability Mapping ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Main Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relative Vulnerability

Vulnerability mapping of sea-coastal zones is an important element of oil spill response plans, environmental support for offshore projects, and the integrated management of the marine environment. The creation of such maps is a complex scientific problem. In their development, it is necessary to take into account differences in the nature of biotic and abiotic components existing in the cartographic area, dissimilarities in their relative vulnerability and significance, the seasonal variability of ecosystem components, and other factors. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the main elements of international and Russian methods of mapping the vulnerability of sea-coastal zones to oil spills, and the development problems of such maps, including problems of using rank (ordinal) values, and to note possible solutions. Based on the analysis of key existing international and Russian approaches to vulnerability mapping, it was concluded that almost all methods of map calculations use rank (ordinal) values. However, arithmetic operations cannot be performed with them, as they lead to incorrect results. The paper shortly describes the main problems of mapping the vulnerability of sea-coastal zones to oil (the choice of the map scales and season limits for them, differences in the units of biota abundance, the calculation of relative vulnerability coefficients for the considered biotic components, the summation of the vulnerability of objects of different types, etc.). For some problems, possible solutions are outlined.

scholarly journals ENTROPY OF DISCRETE FUZZY MEASURES

2000 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 625-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-LUC MARICHAL ◽  
MARC ROUBENS
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Measure ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Fuzzy Measures ◽  
Uncertain Variables

The concept of entropy of a discrete fuzzy measure has been recently introduced in two different ways. A first definition was proposed by Marichal in the aggregation framework, and a second one by Yager in the framework of uncertain variables. We present a comparative study between these two proposals and point out their properties. We also propose a definition for the entropy of an ordinal fuzzy measure, that is, a fuzzy measure taking its values in an ordinal scale in the sense of measurement theory.

scholarly journals Can Short Psychological Interventions Affect Educational Performance? Revisiting the Effect of Self-Affirmation Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Serra-Garcia ◽  
Karsten T. Hansen ◽  
Uri Gneezy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
And Gender

Large amounts of resources are spent annually to improve educational achievement and to close the gender gap in sciences with typically very modest effects. In 2010, a 15-min self-affirmation intervention showed a dramatic reduction in this gender gap. We reanalyzed the original data and found several critical problems. First, the self-affirmation hypothesis stated that women’s performance would improve. However, the data showed no improvement for women. There was an interaction effect between self-affirmation and gender caused by a negative effect on men’s performance. Second, the findings were based on covariate-adjusted interaction effects, which imply that self-affirmation reduced the gender gap only for the small sample of men and women who did not differ in the covariates. Third, specification-curve analyses with more than 1,500 possible specifications showed that less than one quarter yielded significant interaction effects and less than 3% showed significant improvements among women.

scholarly journals Oil Spills or Look-Alikes? Classification Rank of Surface Ocean Slick Signatures in Satellite Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3466
Author(s):  
Gustavo de Araújo Carvalho ◽  
Peter J. Minnett ◽  
Nelson F. F. Ebecken ◽  
Luiz Landau
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Location Parameter ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
Data Transformations ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Size Information ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Binary Classifiers

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a mathematically robust multivariate data analysis approach that is sometimes used for surface oil slick signature classification. Our goal is to rank the effectiveness of LDAs to differentiate oil spills from look-alike slicks. We explored multiple combinations of (i) variables (size information, Meteorological-Oceanographic (metoc), geo-location parameters) and (ii) data transformations (non-transformed, cube root, log10). Active and passive satellite-based measurements of RADARSAT, QuikSCAT, AVHRR, SeaWiFS, and MODIS were used. Results from two experiments are reported and discussed: (i) an investigation of 60 combinations of several attributes subjected to the same data transformation and (ii) a survey of 54 other data combinations of three selected variables subjected to different data transformations. In Experiment 1, the best discrimination was reached using ten cube-transformed attributes: ~85% overall accuracy using six pieces of size information, three metoc variables, and one geo-location parameter. In Experiment 2, two combinations of three variables tied as the most effective: ~81% of overall accuracy using area (log transformed), length-to-width ratio (log- or cube-transformed), and number of feature parts (non-transformed). After verifying the classification accuracy of 114 algorithms by comparing with expert interpretations, we concluded that applying different data transformations and accounting for metoc and geo-location attributes optimizes the accuracies of binary classifiers (oil spill vs. look-alike slicks) using the simple LDA technique.

Discriminating Perceptions of a Peripheral ‘Nordic Destination’ among European Tourists

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Jensen ◽  
Tor Kornellussen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Original Data ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Perceptual Factors ◽  
Insight Into

This paper discusses tourists' abilities to discriminate between different features and images of a peripheral tourist destination based on their geographical origin. The data consist of personal interviews with 424 tourists of various nationalities visiting northern Norway (in the county of Nordland). The starting point of the exploratory analysis presented here is based on a section of the original data and focuses on images and features of northern Norway compared with wider Nordic/Norwegian destination levels. One of the main suggestions of this paper is that geographical and cultural distance relative to the tourists' country of origin has a negative effect on their ability to discriminate between distinct features and images of the destination to which they are travelling. This hypothesis is only partly confirmed. The analysis is based on a quantitative methodological approach. The results of this paper are assumed to contribute a useful insight into some of the perceptual factors that are important for the marketing and positioning of a peripheral destination on international markets.

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