Phylogenetic Position of Shiraia-Like Endophytes on Bamboos and the Diverse Biosynthesis of Hypocrellin and Hypocrellin Derivatives

The main active ingredients of the fruiting bodies of Shiraia bambusicola and Rubroshiraia bambusae are Hypocrellins, belonging perylenequinones with potential photodynamic activity against cancer and microbial diseases. However, the strains of S. bambusicola and R. bambusae do not produce hypocrellins in culture, so resource exploitation of natural products was seriously restricted. In this study, a series of novel Shiraia-like fungal endophyte strains, with varying sporulation ability and synthesizing diverse secondary metabolites, was isolated from different bamboos. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics of the endophytes, Pseudoshiraia conidialis gen. et sp. nov. is proposed. The secondary metabolites of different fruiting bodies and strains have been comprehensively analyzed for the first time, finding that the endophytic strains are shown not only to produce hypocrellins, but also other perylenequinonoid compounds. It was noteworthy that the highest yield of total perylenequinone production and hypocrellin A appeared in P. conidialis CNUCC 1353PR (1410.13 mg/L), which was significantly higher than any other wild type P. conidialis strains in published reports. In view of these results, the identification of Shiraia-like endophytes not only confirm the phylogenetic status of similar strains, but will further assist in developing the production of valuable natural products.

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Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of endophytic Gordonia in the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-313547/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Ma ◽

Minhua Xu ◽

Hancong Liu ◽

Tiantian Yu ◽

Ping Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Actinomycin D ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Early Stage ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Antimicrobial Compounds

Abstract Background: As we all know, bacterial and fungal infections have become one of the threats to human health. Microbial secondary metabolites are one of the main sources of bioactive natural products. It is estimated that around 60% of all foregone antibiotics are derived from secondary metabolites produced by filamentous actinomycete bacteria. Gordonia spp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on their antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated a Gordonia strain WA 4-31 with anti-Candida albicans activity from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana in the early stage.Results: In this study, we firstly identified the strain WA 4-31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found that it homologous to a strain of Gordonia from the Indian desert (EU333873) by 100%. Then four compounds, Actinomycin D (1), Actinomycin X2 (2), Mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were purified from the EtOH extract of the fermented broth of the strain. The compounds 1-4 had activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum. They also had activities against MRSA, S.aureus, K.peneumoniae and E.coli in different degree. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2 on MASA was 0.25 μg/mL. Interestingly, we found that when Mojavensin A was mixed with compound 4 ratio of 1:1, the solution of the compounds was better than the single on anti-Candida albicans. Besides, compounds 1-3 had varying degrees of cytotoxicity on CNE-2 cells and HepG-2 cells.Conclusions: The present study firstly reported the antimicrobial compounds isolated from Gordonia. These indicated that rare actinomycetes from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.

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Morphology and phylogenetic analyses reveal Montagnula puerensis sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from southwest China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.514.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 514 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

TIANYE DU ◽

KEVIN D. HYDE ◽

AUSANA MAPOOK ◽

PETER E. MORTIMER ◽

JIANCHU XU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yunnan Province ◽

Southwest China ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Location Information ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Host Genus ◽

Extant Species ◽

Culture Characteristics

A dead woody sample of Acer sp. with fungal fruiting bodies was collected in Pu’er City of Yunnan Province. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of LSU, ITS, SSU, and tef1-α sequence data showed that our collection belongs to Montagnula and is well separated from all other extant species. Montagnula puerensis is compared with all extant species by morphological characteristics, culture characteristics, host, and location information and is the first report of Montagnula from the host genus Acer.

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A new and endangered species of Iochroma (Solanaceae) from the cloud forests of central Peru and its phylogenetic position in Iochrominae

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.227.2.4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 227 (2) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marco Antonio Cueva Manchego ◽

STACEY DEWITT SMITH ◽

SEGUNDO LEIVA GONZÁLES

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Endangered Species ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Cloud Forests ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

A New Species ◽

Iucn Criteria

Iochroma amicorum M. Cueva, S. D. Sm. & S. Leiva (Solanaceae), a new species from cloud forests of Central Peru, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data suggest that Iochroma amicorum is closely related to I. nitidum, I. umbellatum, I. grandiflorum and I. tingoanum, which collectively form the “U” clade of Iochrominae. Certain morphological characteristics of calyx and corolla as well as the type of habitat appear to be common in species of this clade. Iochroma amicorum is easily distinguished from other members of the “U” clade by its campanulate or funnel-shaped corolla with short and slightly reflexed lobes, the presence of an expanded stapet at the point of filament insertion with short lateral extensions united to the corolla, and its globose usually white fruits with tinges of purple at the base. Distribution, phenology and are discussed together with the position of the new species in Iochrominae. Iochroma amicorum is assessed as Endangered according to IUCN criteria B1ab (i, iii)

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Multi-Gene Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Hydnellum (Bankeraceae, Basidiomycota) from China

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7100818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 818

Author(s):

Yan-Hong Mu ◽

Jia-Rui Yu ◽

Ting Cao ◽

Xiang-Hua Wang ◽

Hai-Sheng Yuan

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

Morphological Studies

The genus Hydnellum is an important group of stipitate hydnaceous fungi which can form ectomycorrhiza with many species of woody plants. In recent decades, the frequency and number of basidiocarps observed in China have been declining significantly. So far, however, we know little about the species diversity of Hydnellum in China. In this study, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sections of multiple loci, including the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) and the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2), as well as morphological studies, of collected samples of Hydnellum from China. We also inferred Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for the order Thelephorales from the dataset of the combined nLSU and ITS. This study has revealed the phylogenetic position of Hydnellum in the order Thelephorales, and phylogenetically confirmed ten major clades in Thelephorales; Twenty-nine taxa are proposed, described or reported, including 10 new subgenera (Hydnellum subgenus Hydnellum, subg. Caesispinosum, subg. Croceum, subg. Inflatum, subg. Rhizomorphum, subg. Scabrosum, subg. Spongiosum, subg. Subindufibulatum, subg. Violaceum and subg. Zonatum), 11 new species (Hydnellum atrorubrum, H. atrospinosum, H. bomiense, H. brunneorubrum, H. fibulatum, H. granulosum, H. inflatum, H. rubidofuscum, H. squamulosum, H. sulcatum and H. yunnanense), 3 newly recorded species (H. caeruleum, H. peckii and H. spongiosipes) and 5 notable specimens (Hydnellum sp 1, H. sp 2, H. sp 3, H. sp 4 and H. sp 5). A classification system based on the morphological characteristics (especially the hyphal structure types) and molecular analyses is proposed to accommodate most species in Hydnellum. The distinguishing characters of the subgenera and the new species with their closely related taxa are discussed. A key to the species of Hydnellum from China is provided.

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A new predatory leech from Vietnam (Hirudinida : Arhynchobdellida : Salifidae): its phylogenetic position with comments on the classification of the family

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is15008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 473 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takafumi Nakano ◽

Son Truong Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

12S Rrna ◽

The Family ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

First Time

The family Salifidae is a predaceous leech taxon in the suborder Erpobdelliformes. Although Salifidae is widely distributed in the African, Oriental, Indo-Malayan, Sino-Japanese and Australasian regions, the phylogenetic relationships of the family Salifidae have never been tested using molecular data obtained from leeches collected from the family distributional range. A salifid species was collected for the first time in Vietnam, and relevant morphological and molecular data are presented here. Because the Vietnamese salifid species possesses unique morphological characteristics among the known salifid species, this species is herein described as a new species, Salifa motokawai, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 18S rRNA and histone H3, as well as mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12S rRNA, tRNAVal, 16S rRNA, tRNALeu and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 markers demonstrate that the Vietnamese salifid species is a close congener with the African Salifa perspicax and the Malagasy Linta be. Furthermore, molecular data revealed non-monophyly of the Asian salifid leeches. According to the observed phylogenetic relationships and morphological characteristics of the Vietnamese Salifa motokawai, sp. nov., the current classification of salifid taxa should be revised.

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Affinities of four freshwater putative “Chantransia” stages (Rhodophyta) in Southern China from molecular and morphological data

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.441.1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 441 (1) ◽

pp. 47-59

Author(s):

JIN-FEN HAN ◽

FANG-RU NAN ◽

JIA FENG ◽

JUN-PING LV ◽

QI LIU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yunnan Province ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Southern China ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Morphological Description

Four putative “Chantransia” isolates were collected from four locations in Hubei and Yunnan Provinces, China. Morphological analyses were conducted on all isolates. Two specimens (HB26 and YN2) fit the morphological description of A. pygmaea, while the other two isolates (YN1 and YN3) varied in morphology, but were within the circumscription of Audouinella hermannii. Due to the fact that the morphological characters of the “Chantransia” stages of order Batrachospermales and the species of genus Audouinella are too similar to be distinguished, a molecular analysis was performed to clarify the phylogenetic position of these four isolates based on rbcL and psbA sequences. Two “pygmaea” specimens collected from Jiugong Mountain, Hubei Province (HB26) and Shimen Gorge, Yunnan Province (YN2), such as S. jiugongshanensis and S. shimenxiaensis, are proposed primarily based on the DNA sequence data generated in this study. The description of these two new species provides more molecular data for phylogenetic analysis of the genus Sheathia. In addition to these newly described species, the results strongly support that those “hermannii” isolates (YN1 and YN3) collected from Yunnan Province were the “Chantransia” of S. arcuata. However, their gametophyte stages have not been found, meaning that critical diagnostic morphological features were unavailable and molecular methods were the only means for ascertaining their phylogenetic position. Considering the extensive application of the rbcL and psbA genes in phylogenetic analyses of freshwater red algae, we recommend using these two genes to identify species when no morphological characteristics are available.

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Phylogenetic analysis reveals two morphologically unique new species in the genera Astrochapsa and Nitidochapsa (lichenized Ascomycota: Graphidaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.19 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 189 (1) ◽

pp. 268 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

VASUN POENGSUNGNOEN ◽

LEKA MANOCH ◽

PACHARA MONGKOLSUK ◽

KANSRI BOONPRAGOB ◽

SITTIPORN PARNMEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Close Relative ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

The Family ◽

Crustose Lichens ◽

Established Genus

Graphidaceae is the largest family of tropical crustose lichens, with nearly 2,400 known species, and exhibits a large diversity of ascoma morphologies. Ascomata that open by triangular marginal lobules that become recurved to form geaster-like fruiting bodies, so-called chroodiscoid ascomata, were recently shown to have evolved independently several times within the family. A special type of such ascomata is the gyrotremoid form in which the hymenium and excipulum are organized in concentric rings. In the present study, we address the phylogenetic position of two chroodiscoid species collected in Thailand that form aggregate or gyrotremoid, chroodiscoid ascomata, using a molecular phylogeny of nuclear LSU and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences of 92 Graphidaceae. Our morphological, chemical and phylogenetic analyses show that one species is an undescribed species in the genus Astrochapsa, here newly described as A. kalbii Poengsungnoen, Lücking & Lumbsch, with a unique, gyrotremoid ascoma morphology. The second species belongs in the recently established genus Nitidochapsa, which is a close relative of Ocellularia, and is here described as new species N. siamensis Poengsungnoen, Lücking & Lumbsch. Based on these findings, three further new combinations are proposed in the genus Nitidochapsa, viz. N. aggregata (Hale) Poengsungnoen, Lücking & Lumbsch, N. phlyctidea (Vain.) Lücking & Lumbsch, and N. stictoides (Leight.) Tehler, Lücking & Lumbsch. A key to all five species is presented.

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Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-604184/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Ma ◽

Minhua Xu ◽

Hancong Liu ◽

Tiantian Yu ◽

Ping Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Early Stage ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Biological Degradation ◽

Bioactive Natural Products ◽

Fermented Broth

Abstract Microbial secondary metabolites are one of the main sources of bioactive natural products. It is estimated that around 75% of all antibiotics are derived from secondary metabolites produced by filamentous actinomycete. Gordonia sp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on the antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated a Gordonia strain WA 4–31 with anti-Candida albicans activity from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana in the early stage. In this study, we firstly identified the strain WA 4–31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found that it homologous to a strain of Gordonia from the Indian desert by 100%. Then four compounds, Actinomycin D (1), Actinomycin X2 (2), Mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermented broth of the strain. The compounds 1–4 had activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum. They also had activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli.coli in different degree. Interestingly, we found that when Mojavensin A was mixed with compound 4 ratio of 1:1, the activity of the mixture on anti-Candida albicans was better than the single. Besides, compounds 1–3 had varying degrees of antiproliferative activity on CNE-2 cells and HepG-2 cells. These indicated that Gordonia rare actinomycete from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.

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Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic position of the flying squirrel genus Biswamoyopterus (Mammalia, Rodentia, Sciuridae, Pteromyini) on the northern Indo-China peninsula

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.939.31764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 939 ◽

pp. 65-85

Author(s):

Guogang Li ◽

Ye Htet Lwin ◽

Bin Yang ◽

Tao Qin ◽

Phouthong Phothisath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Sister Group ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Flying Squirrel ◽

Two Samples

The flying squirrel genus Biswamoyopterus (Rodentia: Sciuridae: Pteromyini) was once considered to contain three species, Biswamoyopterus biswasi from northeastern India, B. laoensis from central Laos and B. gaoligongensis from southwest China, all identified from morphological characteristics of one or two specimens. However, based on similar morphological characteristics of two samples of the genus Biswamoyopterus collected recently from northern Laos and northern Myanmar, and the small genetic distances on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA between them, the results strongly support these two samples as representatives of the same species. The phylogenetic analyses strongly support Biswamoyopterus as an independent genus of Pteromyini, as a sister group to Aeromys. Biswamoyopterus biswasi is distributed in the northern Indo-China peninsula, where it is exposed to a series of threats, such as intense hunting activity, illegal trade, and rapid habitat loss; this should warrant its classification as critically endangered according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. Here, the molecular data for genus Biswamoyopterus and two new specimen records from northern Laos and northern Myanmar are presented.

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Three Mycogone species, including a new species, cause wet bubble disease of Agaricus bisporus in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-21-0651-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yixin Du ◽

Niuniu Shi ◽

Hongchun Ruan ◽

Furu Chen

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Edible Mushroom ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Button Mushroom ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

A New Species

White button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach, is the most extensively cultivated and edible mushroom worldwide. The production of A. bisporus is commonly affected by wet bubble disease (WBD) imposing a significant economic burden in China. Although studies have shown that this disease is caused by fungi of Mycogone genus, the pathogen has not been fully characterized. In this study, 802 samples of diseased fruiting bodies of A. bisporus were collected from nine major mushroom-cultivating provinces in China, yielding a total of 586 Mycogone isolates. The morphological characteristics of these isolates were observed and compared, and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, ACT, TEF1-α, TUB, RPB2, and LSU) were performed on the selected representative isolates. Three Mycogone species were identified: a new species M. xinjiangensis, M. perniciosa, and M. rosea. Mycogone rosea was the first-ever reported in China. Furthermore, M. rosea was found to be the most prevalent species (54.95% of all isolates) in all the sampled areas, except in Hubei and Xinjiang, followed by M. perniciosa (39.93%) and M. xinjiangensis (5.12%). Pathogenicity tests on the fruiting body and mushroom bed substantiated Koch’s postulates developing mildly different symptoms after inoculation with each species. This study, therefore, enhances our knowledge of the species associated with WBD in A. bisporus and provides useful insights for preventing WBD and allied diseases.

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