scholarly journals Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of endophytic Gordonia in the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Minhua Xu ◽  
Hancong Liu ◽  
Tiantian Yu ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

Abstract Background: As we all know, bacterial and fungal infections have become one of the threats to human health. Microbial secondary metabolites are one of the main sources of bioactive natural products. It is estimated that around 60% of all foregone antibiotics are derived from secondary metabolites produced by filamentous actinomycete bacteria. Gordonia spp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on their antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated a Gordonia strain WA 4-31 with anti-Candida albicans activity from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana in the early stage.Results: In this study, we firstly identified the strain WA 4-31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found that it homologous to a strain of Gordonia from the Indian desert (EU333873) by 100%. Then four compounds, Actinomycin D (1), Actinomycin X2 (2), Mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were purified from the EtOH extract of the fermented broth of the strain. The compounds 1-4 had activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum. They also had activities against MRSA, S.aureus, K.peneumoniae and E.coli in different degree. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2 on MASA was 0.25 μg/mL. Interestingly, we found that when Mojavensin A was mixed with compound 4 ratio of 1:1, the solution of the compounds was better than the single on anti-Candida albicans. Besides, compounds 1-3 had varying degrees of cytotoxicity on CNE-2 cells and HepG-2 cells.Conclusions: The present study firstly reported the antimicrobial compounds isolated from Gordonia. These indicated that rare actinomycetes from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Minhua Xu ◽  
Hancong Liu ◽  
Tiantian Yu ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Fermented Broth

Abstract Microbial secondary metabolites are one of the main sources of bioactive natural products. It is estimated that around 75% of all antibiotics are derived from secondary metabolites produced by filamentous actinomycete. Gordonia sp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on the antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated a Gordonia strain WA 4–31 with anti-Candida albicans activity from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana in the early stage. In this study, we firstly identified the strain WA 4–31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found that it homologous to a strain of Gordonia from the Indian desert by 100%. Then four compounds, Actinomycin D (1), Actinomycin X2 (2), Mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermented broth of the strain. The compounds 1–4 had activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum. They also had activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli.coli in different degree. Interestingly, we found that when Mojavensin A was mixed with compound 4 ratio of 1:1, the activity of the mixture on anti-Candida albicans was better than the single. Besides, compounds 1–3 had varying degrees of antiproliferative activity on CNE-2 cells and HepG-2 cells. These indicated that Gordonia rare actinomycete from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Minhua Xu ◽  
Hancong Liu ◽  
Tiantian Yu ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Etoac Extract ◽  
Degradation Ability ◽  
Better Than

AbstractGordonia sp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on the antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated and purified an actinomycete WA 4-31 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana, firstly identified the strain WA 4-31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found it was completely homologous to the strain of Gordonia terrae from the Indian desert. Meanwhile, actinomycin D (1), actinomycin X2 (2), mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were obtained from the EtOAc extract from the broth of WA 4-31. Compounds 1–4 showed anti-fungus activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum, also anti-MRSA and inhibited Escherichia coli in different degree. Interestingly, we found when 3 was mixed with 4 with ratio of 1:1, the activity of the mixture on anti-Candida albicans was better than the single. Besides, compounds 1–3 had varying degrees of antiproliferative activities on CNE-2 and HepG-2 cell lines. These indicated that Gordonia rare actinomycete from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.

β-citronellol alters cell surface properties of Candida albicans to influence pathogenicity related traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamini Sharma ◽  
Sumit Kumar Rastogi ◽  
Ahmad Perwez ◽  
Moshahid Alam Rizvi ◽  
Nikhat Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Morphological Transition ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Extracellular Proteinases

Abstract The pathogenicity of Candida albicans, an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, is attributed to several virulence factors. β-citronellol is a monoterpenoid present in several plant essential oils. The present study explores the antifungal potential and mode of action of β-citronellol against C. albicans ATCC 90028 (standard), C. albicans D-27 (FLC-sensitive), and C. albicans S-1 (FLC-resistant). Anti-Candida potential was studied by performing MIC, MFC, growth curves, disc diffusion, spot assay, and WST1 cytotoxic assay. Morphological transition was monitored microscopically in both solid and liquid hyphae inducing media. β-citronellol inhibits yeast to hyphal transition in both liquid and solid hyphae inducing media. It had a significant inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and secretion of extracellular proteinases and phospholipases. We showed that it has an adverse effect on membrane ergosterol levels and modulates expression of related ERG genes. Expression profiles of selected genes associated with C. albicans pathogenicity displayed reduced expression in treated cells. This work suggests that β-citronellol inhibits morphological transition in C. albicans and decreases the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the early stage of infection as well as modulates the expression of associated genes. Pleiotropic phenotype shown by β-citronellol treated Candida cells suggests various modes of action. Further studies will assess the clinical application of β-citronellol in the treatment of fungal infections.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Position of Shiraia-Like Endophytes on Bamboos and the Diverse Biosynthesis of Hypocrellin and Hypocrellin Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Qiu-Tong Wang ◽  
Xiao-Ye Shen ◽  
Cheng-Lin Hou ◽  
Paul F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Microbial Diseases ◽  
Phylogenetic Status

The main active ingredients of the fruiting bodies of Shiraia bambusicola and Rubroshiraia bambusae are Hypocrellins, belonging perylenequinones with potential photodynamic activity against cancer and microbial diseases. However, the strains of S. bambusicola and R. bambusae do not produce hypocrellins in culture, so resource exploitation of natural products was seriously restricted. In this study, a series of novel Shiraia-like fungal endophyte strains, with varying sporulation ability and synthesizing diverse secondary metabolites, was isolated from different bamboos. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics of the endophytes, Pseudoshiraia conidialis gen. et sp. nov. is proposed. The secondary metabolites of different fruiting bodies and strains have been comprehensively analyzed for the first time, finding that the endophytic strains are shown not only to produce hypocrellins, but also other perylenequinonoid compounds. It was noteworthy that the highest yield of total perylenequinone production and hypocrellin A appeared in P. conidialis CNUCC 1353PR (1410.13 mg/L), which was significantly higher than any other wild type P. conidialis strains in published reports. In view of these results, the identification of Shiraia-like endophytes not only confirm the phylogenetic status of similar strains, but will further assist in developing the production of valuable natural products.

scholarly journals Squamarina (lichenised fungi) species described from China belong to at least three unrelated genera

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 135-157
Author(s):  
Yan-Yun Zhang ◽  
Xin-Yu Wang ◽  
Li-Juan Li ◽  
Christian Printzen ◽  
Einar Timdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Generic Concept

New collections of six Squamarina species from type localities in China were studied. The comparison of morphological characteristics and secondary metabolites with those of the type specimens and phylogenetic analyses suggest that S. callichroa and S. pachyphylla belong to Rhizoplaca, S. semisterilis belongs to Lobothallia and S. chondroderma should be retained in Lecanora temporarily. Only two species, S. kansuensis and S. oleosa, remain in Squamarina. The new combinations Lobothallia semisterilis (H. Magn.) Y. Y. Zhang, Rhizoplaca callichroa (Zahlbr.) Y. Y. Zhang and R. pachyphylla (H. Magn.) Y. Y. Zhang are proposed. Detailed descriptions to aid the identification of these species, distributions and phylogenetic trees, based on multiple collections, are presented. The generic concept of Squamarina is recircumscribed in this study.

Adherence and Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans Strains Isolated from Different Infection Sites in Hospitalized Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2832-2835
Author(s):  
Omar Sadik ◽  
Lia Mara Ditu ◽  
Irina Gheorghe ◽  
Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru ◽  
Coralia Bleotu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Adherence Pattern

Adherence of Candida albicans to the cellular and inert substratum contributes to its commensal status, but also plays an essential role in the development of fungal infections, particularly in hospitalized and immunodepressed patients. This study evaluated the adherence capacity and biofilm formation of 109 C. albicans strains isolated from upper respiratory tract secretions, wound secretions, urine culture, blood culture and stool culture taken from patients hospitalized for cardiovascular surgery. The strains were originally identified as C. albicans, based on their morphological characteristics and then confirmed by the Vitek II automatic system. All tested strains adhered to the cellular substratum, the isolates from stool culture, urine and thrush secretion exhibiting the most intensive adhesion capacity, the predominant adherence pattern being the aggregative one. Patient age and gender did not exhibit a significant influence on the adhesion process. The strains with the highest biofilm production capacity were the ones isolated from respiratory tract secretions and urine cultures. Statistically significant correlations could be established among a high number of yeast cells adhered to HeLa cells and i) the aggregative adherence pattern and ii) the moderate to high capacity to form biofilms on the inert substratum. These results could suggest the implication of common fungal structures in the colonization of inert and cellular substrata, while the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes could bring an important benefit to the appropriate management of fungal infections, depending on the isolation source.

Ultrastructural Changes of Candida albicans Species Induced by the Presence of Sodium Diclofenac

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2566-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Rusu ◽  
Ionela Sarbu ◽  
Magdalena Mitache ◽  
Horatiu Moldovan ◽  
Carmen Ioana Biris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Sodium Diclofenac ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Candidiasis Treatment

The high frequency of occurrence of candidiasis as well as high mortality of patients with immunosuppression cause a tendency toward better understanding of Candida albicans species virulence factors and developing sensitive and specific diagnostic methods, and appropriate strategies of candidiasis treatment. In recent decades the incidence of fungal infections has alarming increases because of advanced medical treatments. In this study was analyzed possible ultrastructural changes of the species C. albicans cells following treatment with sodium diclofenac at various concentrations. Following treatment of C. albicans cells with sodium diclofenac 1 mM and 2 mM changes in the plasmalemma can be noticed, changes in the density of cell wall, disruption and necrotic appearance of the cytoplasm.

Antimicrobial properties of actively purified secondary metabolites isolated from different marine organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilushi Indika Bamunu Arachchige ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

Background: The treatment of infection caused by pathogenic bacteria becomes one of the serious concerns globally. The failure in the treatment was found due to the exhibition of multiple resistance mechanisms against the antimicrobial agents. Emergence of resistant bacterial species has also been observed due to prolong treatment using conventional antibiotics. To combat these problems, several alternative strategies have been employed using biological and chemically synthesized compounds as antibacterial agents. Marine organisms considered as one of the potential sources for the isolation of bioactive compounds due to the easily available, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. Methods: The online search methodology was adapted for the collection of information related to the antimicrobial properties of marine-derived compounds. These compound has been isolated and purified by different purification techniques, and their structure also characterized. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities have been reported by using broth microdilution as well as disc diffusion assays. Results: The present review paper describes the antimicrobial effect of diverse secondary metabolites which are isolated and purified from the different marine organisms. The structural elucidation of each secondary metabolite has also been done in the present paper, which will help for the in silico designing of the novel and potent antimicrobial compounds. Conclusion: A thorough literature search has been made and summarizes the list of antimicrobial compounds that are isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine organisms. The information obtained from the present paper will be helpful for the application of marine compounds as antimicrobial agents against different antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.

Efficacy of Novel Schiff base Derivatives as Antifungal Compounds in Combination with Approved Drugs Against Candida Albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmad Malik ◽  
Shabir Ahmad Lone ◽  
Parveez Gull ◽  
Ovas Ahmad Dar ◽  
Mohmmad Younus Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Total Sterol ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Schiff Base Derivatives

Background: The increasing incidence of fungal infections, especially caused by Candida albicans, and their increasing drug resistance has drastically increased in recent years. Therefore, not only new drugs but also alternative treatment strategies are promptly required. Methods: We previously reported on the synergistic interaction of some azole and non-azole compounds with fluconazole for combination antifungal therapy. In this study, we synthesized some non-azole Schiff-base derivatives and evaluated their antifungal activity profile alone and in combination with the most commonly used antifungal drugs- fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AmB) against four drug susceptible, three FLC resistant and three AmB resistant clinically isolated Candida albicans strains. To further analyze the mechanism of antifungal action of these compounds, we quantified total sterol contents in FLC-susceptible and resistant C. albicans isolates. Results: A pyrimidine ring-containing derivative SB5 showed the most potent antifungal activity against all the tested strains. After combining these compounds with FLC and AmB, 76% combinations were either synergistic or additive while as the rest of the combinations were indifferent. Interestingly, none of the combinations was antagonistic, either with FLC or AmB. Results interpreted from fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and isobolograms revealed 4-10-fold reduction in MIC values for synergistic combinations. These compounds also inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, supported by the results from docking studies. Conclusion: The results of the studies conducted advocate the potential of these compounds as new antifungal drugs. However, further studies are required to understand the other mechanisms and in vivo efficacy and toxicity of these compounds.

scholarly journals Identification of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Causing Fruit Rot of Citrus in China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Jianghua Chen ◽  
Zihang Zhu ◽  
Yanping Fu ◽  
Jiasen Cheng ◽  
Jiatao Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco

Considering the huge economic loss caused by postharvest diseases, the identification and prevention of citrus postharvest diseases is vital to the citrus industry. In 2018, 16 decayed citrus fruit from four citrus varieties—Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu), Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan), Nanfeng mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. nanfengmiju), and Sugar orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco)—showing soft rot and sogginess on their surfaces and covered with white mycelia were collected from storage rooms in seven provinces. The pathogens were isolated and the pathogenicity of the isolates was tested. The fungal strains were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae based on their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF), and beta-tubulin (TUB) gene sequences. The strains could infect wounded citrus fruit and cause decay within two days post inoculation, but could not infect unwounded fruit. To our knowledge, this is the first report of citrus fruit decay caused by L. pseudotheobromae in China.

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