scholarly journals The Effects of ERM Adoption on European Insurance Firms Performance and Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Doureige J. Jurdi ◽  
Sam M. AlGhnaimat
Keyword(s):  
Idiosyncratic Risk ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Dividend Payments ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Systematic Risks ◽  
Insurance Firms ◽  
European Insurance ◽  
The Impact

We investigate the effects of adopting enterprise risk management (ERM) on the performance and risks of European publicly listed insurance firms. Using a dataset for 24 years, we report new results which show that ERM adopters realize significant ERM premiums after controlling for other covariates and endogeneity. Several firm characteristics such as size, opacity, and the choice of external monitoring agents such as auditors are significant determinants of adopting ERM. We fill a gap in the literature by assessing the impact of adopting ERM on firm risks and report new findings for our sample, which show that ERM adopters effectively reduce firm total and systematic risks and, to a greater extent, idiosyncratic risk. Firm-level variables such as size, leverage, dividend payments events, and diversification impact firm total risk. Insurers use corporate events such as dividend payments to signal information about reducing risk. Industry and international diversification reduce firm total risk and idiosyncratic risk, respectively.

Does External Monitoring from Government Improve the Performance of State-Owned Enterprises?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyu Li ◽  
Hongsong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Input Prices

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of external monitoring from government on SOE performance, using variation in monitoring strength arising from a nationwide policy change and firms’ geographic location in China. We utilize a structural approach to estimate input prices and productivity separately at the firm level using commonly available production data. We show that enhanced external monitoring, as a key component of corporate governance, can substantially reduce managerial expropriation in procurement (proxied by input prices) and shirking in production management (proxied by productivity). The results suggest that government monitoring can be an effective policy instrument to improve SOE performance.

scholarly journals Can Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility Reduce Firms’ Idiosyncratic Risk? Evidence From China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Kong ◽  
Yuying Pan ◽  
Huaping Sun ◽  
Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Idiosyncratic Risk ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Share

Environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) can be a strategy to increase the transparency of investment information effectively to alleviate information asymmetry. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of ECSR on firms’ idiosyncratic risk. Using the data of A-share listed firms in China and data of Rankins CSR Ratings by developing econometrics models, this study documents that ECSR can significantly reduce the firms’ idiosyncratic risk. This result perpetuates after a series of robustness checks. Besides, the results of conditional analyses reveal that the effect of ECSR is more pronounced for state-owned firms and firms with weaker external monitoring mechanisms and low internal control. Moreover, further evidence suggests that firms with high ECSR show a greater tendency to disclose more information, which reduces the information asymmetry and offers linkages from ESCR to firms’ idiosyncratic risk.

Board diversity: female director participation and corporate innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Vafaei ◽  
Darren Henry ◽  
Kamran Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Female Director ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of board female participation on Australian firms’ innovation. Design/methodology/approach Data are from the 500 largest Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)-listed companies for 2004–2015. Measures of innovation concern input (research and development expenditure and intangible assets) and output (patents registered) indicators. Findings A positive and significant association exists between female director participation and firm innovation activity. This association exists across industry classifications independent of technological importance and is particularly driven by materials and health-care sectors. Findings support calls for more board diversity in line with board female membership positively influencing innovative investment and development activities. Practical implications The economic efficacy of the latest revisions to the ASX Corporate Governance Council principles and recommendations (“ASX CGC revisions”) is supported. Diverse boards are a strong source of innovation. Regulators and corporations can use the findings to establish principles and practices that promote female board diversity. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the link between board diversity and corporate innovation in Australia where there is under-representation of women on corporate boards and in key management positions. Also lacking are formal legislative or governance policy mandates on board gender diversity. Beyond confirming a positive association between board diversity and levels of corporate innovation, this paper provides new findings that this relationship is driven by women who are non-executive (independent) directors, independent of the underlying technology intensity of firms and moderated by the nature of firm-level profitability and growth opportunities.

scholarly journals Does internal corporate governance mechanism control firm risk? Evidence from Indonesia’s three high-risk sectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362-1376
Author(s):  
Saarce Elsye Hatane ◽  
Stellania Supangat ◽  
Josua Tarigan ◽  
Ferry Jie
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Idiosyncratic Risk ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Firm Risk ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asset Return ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Board Ownership

Purpose This study aims to examine the control of corporate governance towards firm risks for a sample of Indonesian firms in agriculture, mining and property industries. This study highlights the impact of four indicators of internal mechanism of corporate governance, i.e. board size, board independence, board gender and board ownership, on three measurements of firm risks, i.e. total risk, asset return risk and idiosyncratic risk. Design/methodology/approach Panel data analysis is conducted using a sample of 62 companies of agriculture, mining and property industries listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. Pooled ordinary least square with hetero-corrected is the statistical approach conducted to test the hypotheses. Findings The result indicates that board size and board gender insignificantly influence firm risks. While board independence gives varied impacts towards firm risks, it gives positive influence towards total asset return risk, insignificant towards idiosyncratic risk and negative towards total risk. Other interesting results are found in board ownership that has insignificant influence on asset return risk and negative influence on idiosyncratic and total risk. Research limitations/implications Firms should incorporate corporate governance, especially the impactful roles of board independence and board ownership as they serve as tools in reducing firm risk. Moreover, investors may have a better understanding of corporate governance and factors that are influencing firm risks. Therefore, this study can assist them to make the right investment decision. Originality/value This study is notably the first to use comprehensively three measurements of firm risks in Indonesia. Risks can come from internal and external, thus the company should understand the various types of risks facing the company. Total risk measures both the internal and external risks, while asset return risk gives another perspective using overall market perception about the equity and assets of the company. Finally, this study also measures internal risk, which is the only risk that can be controlled and minimised by the board of the company.

scholarly journals Uncovering Real Earnings Management: Pay Attention to Risk-Taking Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Samar Alharbi ◽  
Md Al Mamun ◽  
Nader Atawnah
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Effect Change ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of corporate risk-taking on firm-level real earnings management. We find that firms with higher risk-taking engage in higher real earnings management. Our results are robust to a series of robustness tests, including simultaneous least squares approach, firm fixed effect, change analysis, and pseudo difference-in-difference analysis. Additional analyses reveal that the impact of risk-taking on real earnings management is more pronounced among firms that experience prior-year loss and are run by top-echelons who are risk lovers. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) regulation does not attenuate the positive effect of risk-taking on real earnings management. However, external monitoring by institutional investors and takeover susceptibility curb the relation between risk-taking and real earnings management. Our study highlights that outsider, such as investors and regulators, should pay close attention to a firm’s risk-taking behavior to unravel the extent of real earnings management in the firm.

Impact of Determinants of Industrial Development on Employment and Wages in Indian Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-30
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Performance

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to explore the evolution of the impact of firm-level performance on employment level and wages in the Indian organized manufacturing sector over the period 1989-90 to 2013-14. One of the major components of the economic reform package was the deregulation and de-licensing in the Indian organized manufacturing sector. The impact of firm-level performance on employment and wages were estimated for Indian organized manufacturing sector in major sub-sectors in India during the period from 1989-90 to 2013-14 of the various variables namely profitability ratio, total factor productivity change, technical change, technical efficiency, openness (export-import), investment intensity, raw material intensity and FECI in total factor productivity index, technical efficiency, and technical change. The study exhibited that all explanatory variables except profitability ratio and technical change cost had a positive impact on the employment level. Out of eight variables, four variables such as net of foreign equity capital, investment intensity, TFPCH, and technical efficiency change showed a positive impact on wages and salary ratio and rest of the four variables such as openness intensity, technology acquisition index, profitability ratio, and technical change had negative impact on wages and salary ratio. In this context, the profit ratio should be distributed as per the marginal rule of economics such as the marginal productivity of labour and capital.

The Impact of Initiating Dividend Payments on Shareholders' Wealth

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Asquith ◽  
David W. Mullins, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Dividend Payments ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Trade credit, trade income elasticity and the international transmission of shocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Watson
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Heterogeneous Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Macroeconomic Shocks ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Irish Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe paper examines the impact of trade credit on cyclical fluctuations in international trade. It provides new empirical evidence based on firm-level UK and Irish data showing that exporters use trade credit more actively and intensively than non-exporters. The study introduces inter-firm lending into an open economy general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms and endogenous entry into the exports market. It demonstrates that trade credit amplifies the impact of macroeconomic shocks on international trade both along the intensive and extensive margins and that it significantly contributes to the high trade income elasticity observed in the data.

The Impact of the Business Environment on the Formalization of Informal Firms. The Case of Kosovo

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-529
Author(s):  
Kujtim Zylfijaj ◽  
Dimitar Nikoloski ◽  
Nadine Tournois
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe research presented here investigates the impact of the business environment on the formalization of informal firms, using firm-level data for 243 informal firms in Kosovo. The findings indicate that business-environment variables such as limited access to financing, the cost of financing, the unavailability of subsidies, tax rates, and corruption have a significant negative impact on the formalization of informal firms. In addition, firm-level characteristics analysis suggests that the age of the firm also exercises a significant negative impact, whereas sales volume exerts a significant positive impact on the formalization of informal firms. These findings have important policy implications and suggest that the abolition of barriers preventing access to financing, as well as tax reforms and a consistent struggle against corruption may have a positive influence on the formalization of informal firms. On the other hand, firm owners should consider formalization to be a means to help them have greater opportunities for survival and growth.

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