scholarly journals Evaluation of a Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems Spectral Sensor for Soil Properties Estimation

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Karyotis ◽  
Theodora Angelopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Tziolas ◽  
Evgenia Palaiologou ◽  
Nikiforos Samarinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Spectral Angle Mapper ◽  
Mems Sensor ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive

Soil properties estimation with the use of reflectance spectroscopy has met major advances over the last decades. Their non-destructive nature and their high accuracy capacity enabled a breakthrough in the efficiency of performing soil analysis against conventional laboratory techniques. As the need for rapid, low cost, and accurate soil properties’ estimations increases, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) have been introduced and are becoming applicable for informed decision making in various domains. This work presents the assessment of a MEMS sensor (1750–2150 nm) in estimating clay and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. The sensor was first tested under various experimental setups (different working distances and light intensities) through its similarity assessment (Spectral Angle Mapper) to the measurements of a spectroradiometer of the full 350–2500 nm range that was used as reference. MEMS performance was evaluated over spectra measured from 102 samples in laboratory conditions. Models’ calibrations were performed using random forest (RF) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results provide insights that MEMS could be employed for soil properties estimation, since the RF model demonstrated solid performance over both clay (R2 = 0.85) and SOC (R2 = 0.80). These findings pave the way for supporting daily agriculture applications and land related policies through the exploration of a wider set of soil properties.

scholarly journals Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS): Technology for the 21st century

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Djakov ◽  
Ivanka Popovic ◽  
Ljubinka Rajakovic
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Mems Technology

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are miniturized devices that can sense the environment, process and analyze information, and respond with a variety of mechanical and electrical actuators. MEMS consists of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, electrical and electronics devices on a common silicon substrate. Micro-electro-mechanical systems are becoming a vital technology for modern society. Some of the advantages of MEMS devices are: very small size, very low power consumption, low cost, easy to integrate into systems or modify, small thermal constant, high resistance to vibration, shock and radiation, batch fabricated in large arrays, improved thermal expansion tolerance. MEMS technology is increasingly penetrating into our lives and improving quality of life, similar to what we experienced in the microelectronics revolution. Commercial opportunities for MEMS are rapidly growing in broad application areas, including biomedical, telecommunication, security, entertainment, aerospace, and more in both the consumer and industrial sectors on a global scale. As a breakthrough technology, MEMS is building synergy between previously unrelated fields such as biology and microelectronics. Many new MEMS and nanotechnology applications will emerge, expanding beyond that which is currently identified or known. MEMS are definitely technology for 21st century.

A Universal Approach for Processing any MEMS Inertial Sensor Configuration for Land-Vehicle Navigation

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoji Niu ◽  
Sameh Nasser ◽  
Chris Goodall ◽  
Naser El-Sheimy
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Land Vehicle ◽  
Mems Sensor ◽  
Navigation Algorithm ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Sensor Configuration

Recent navigation systems integrating GPS with Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Inertial Measuring Units (IMUs) have shown promising results for several applications based on low-cost devices such as vehicular and personal navigation. However, as a trend in the navigation market, some applications require further reductions in size and cost. To meet such requirements, a MEMS full IMU configuration (three gyros and three accelerometers) may be simplified. In this context, different partial IMU configurations such as one gyro plus three accelerometers or one gyro plus two accelerometers could be investigated. The main challenge in this case is to develop a specific navigation algorithm for each configuration since this is a time-consuming and costly task. In this paper, a universal approach for processing any MEMS sensor configuration for land vehicular navigation is introduced. The proposed method is based on the assumption that the omitted sensors provide relatively less navigation information and hence, their output can be replaced by pseudo constant signals plus noise. Using standard IMU/GPS navigation algorithms, signals from existing sensors and pseudo signals for the omitted sensors are processed as a full IMU. The proposed approach is tested using land-vehicle MEMS/GPS data and implemented with different sensor configurations. Compared to the full IMU case, the results indicate the differences are within the expected levels and that the accuracy obtained meets the requirements of several land-vehicle applications.

Identification of Vibration Parameters of Mechanical System Utilizing Low-Cost MEMS Accelerometers

2019 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Khanh Duong Quang ◽  
Huong Vuong Thi ◽  
Anh Luu Van
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Mems Accelerometers ◽  
Vibration Parameters

Multi-axial mechanical systems commonly encounter the problem of vibration while attempting to drive machining systems at high speed. Many effective methods based on feed-forward and feedback control have been proposed and applied for vibration reduction. In order to design controllers all methods require the exact knowledge of system parameters: vibration frequency and damping ratio. In recent years, low-cost Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers have been used for many applications in industry. This paper presents the advantage of low cost MEMS accelerometer to identify vibration parameters of mechanical systems in comparison to conventional expensive devices.

Simulation of Gold Nanoparticles Aggravating MEMS Cantilever Optical Static Detection Biochip

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 966-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Tao Ge ◽  
Xiao Tong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Static Detection

A kind of gene detection biochip model based on biological micro electro mechanical systems (BioMEMS) technology and micro optical electro mechanical systems (MOEMS) technology is designed and simulated. In order to detect whether there are nucleic acid components in the testing samples, the biochip in this study issues horizontal light by laser, then receives and reads the deformation signals of MEMS cantilever by optical detector. The MEMS optical reflecting system can amplify MEMS cantilever deformation signal 22 times by micro reflectors which are set on the side wall of the cantilever free end. In order to improve optical detection sensitivity, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) which are combined with hybridization information is taken to aggravate MEMS cantilever, and employ Au - S chemical bond of GNPs and dithiol HS(CH2)6SH to combine and fix DNA probe, and then employ target DNA which is marked with biotin to combine GNPs by Biotin - Streptavidin combining. The simulation results show that this biochip can detect biological samples fast, high throughput, low cost, high sensitivity and reliably.

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium prediction in soils, using infrared spectroscopy

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongni Shao ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Destructive Measurement

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the infrared spectroscopy technique for non-destructive measurement of soil properties. For the study, 280 soil samples were collected from several regions in Zhejiang, China. Data from near infrared (NIR, 800–2500 nm), mid infrared (MIR, 4000–400 cm–1), and the combined NIR–MIR regions were compared to determine which produced the best prediction of soil properties. Least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) were applied to construct calibration models for soil properties such as available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The results showed that both spectral regions contained substantial information on N, P, and K in the soils studied, and the combined NIR–MIR region did a little worse than either the NIR or MIR region. Optimal results were obtained through LS-SVM compared with the standard partial least-squares regression method, and the correlation coefficient of prediction (rp), root mean square error for prediction, and bias were, respectively, 0.90, 16.28 mg/kg, and 0.96 mg/kg for the prediction results of N in the NIR region; and 0.88, 41.62 mg/kg, and –2.28 mg/kg for the prediction results of P, and 0.89, 33.47 mg/kg, and 2.96 mg/kg for the prediction results of K, both in the MIR region. This work demonstrated the potential of LS-SVM coupled to infrared reflectance spectroscopy for more efficient soil analysis and the acquisition of soil information.

Dynamically Reconfigurable Multivariable MEMS Sensor Array for Unattended Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 558 ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Stephen van der Velden ◽  
Ian Powlesland ◽  
Steve C. Galea ◽  
Jugdutt Singh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Dynamically Reconfigurable ◽  
Mems Sensor ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Variable Environments

This paper presents a dynamically reconfigurable multivariable Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensor array, capable of reconfiguration in real time, to meet the sensing demands of unattended systems operating in highly variable environments, with an emphasis on maintaining operation of these systems in the presence of structural damage. This array is comprised of multiple instances of identical sensors which can be dynamically reconfigured to target a variety of measurands including acceleration, rotational rate, magnetic fields, temperature, air pressure and density. A simulated environment is used to illustrate how the array can be dynamically reconfigured to respond to variations in several of these parameters. Also shown are simulations that demonstrate the ability of such a sensor array to continue operation in the presence of structural damage.

Analyzing of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensor for pumping aggregates

Sensor Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Milos Milovancevic ◽  
Edvard Tijan
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Vibration Monitoring ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mems Sensor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Smart Mobile Phone ◽  
Smart Mobile

Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to develop and analyze micro-electro-mechanical systems sensor for vibration monitoring of pumping aggregate. Design/methodology/approach The system is based on smart sensor and smart mobile phone. Findings The numerous measurements on a wide range of turbo aggregates were performed to establish the operating condition of pumping aggregates. Originality/value Afterwards, the influence of vibration at different positions on the output vibration of the pumping aggregate was analyzed by adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system method.

scholarly journals Sorghum Grains Grading for Food, Feed, and Fuel Using NIR Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irsa Ejaz ◽  
Siyang He ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Naiyue Hu ◽  
Chaochen Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Non Destructive

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a non-destructive, fast, and low-cost method to measure the grain quality of different cereals. However, the feasibility for determining the critical biochemicals, related to the classifications for food, feed, and fuel products are not adequately investigated. Fourier-transform (FT) NIR was applied in this study to determine the eight biochemicals in four types of sorghum samples: hulled grain flours, hull-less grain flours, whole grains, and grain flours. A total of 20 hybrids of sorghum grains were selected from the two locations in China. Followed by FT-NIR spectral and wet-chemically measured biochemical data, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to construct the prediction models. The results showed that sorghum grain morphology and sample format affected the prediction of biochemicals. Using NIR data of grain flours generally improved the prediction compared with the use of NIR data of whole grains. In addition, using the spectra of whole grains enabled comparable predictions, which are recommended when a non-destructive and rapid analysis is required. Compared with the hulled grain flours, hull-less grain flours allowed for improved predictions for tannin, cellulose, and hemicellulose using NIR data. This study aimed to provide a reference for the evaluation of sorghum grain biochemicals for food, feed, and fuel without destruction and complex chemical analysis.

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