scholarly journals Planning Tool Mosaic (PTM): A Platform for Italy, a Country Without a Strategic Framework

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Lorena Fiorini ◽  
Francesco Zullo ◽  
Alessandro Marucci ◽  
Chiara Di Dato ◽  
Bernardino Romano
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Technical Device ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Regulatory Plan ◽  
The Impact

The following work proposes the utilisation of a technical device named “Planning Tool Mosaic” (PTM), defined as a total homogeneous and standardised framework for the principles contained in municipal regulatory plans: the assignment of zoning, legends, and technical rules. The 300,000 km2-broad national territory is divided into nearly 8000 municipalities. Each of them refers to a distinct regulatory plan and then to a distinct regulation on local buildings, infrastructure, and social services. This level of planning tool is the one that has most impact on the territory. This highly fragmented scenario should be driven by upper-level regulation. Although protocols and guidelines are in force, they are almost irrelevant compared to the impact of regulation at the local level. This process is a European example of city planning mismanagement that needs to be brought to the broader attention of the European technical/scientific context. The PTM, though intervening when municipal plans are already in effect, introduces an element of social and political transparency to planning before transformative events occur. It also provides a continuous framework on the probable future of territories, thereby overcoming the current opacity with regard to public cognition of future arrangements.

Blueprints for the Future of Welfare Provision? Shared Features of Service Innovations across Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ewert ◽  
Adalbert Evers
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The One ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
Welfare Reforms

This article discusses localised forms of social innovation in social services in relation to social policy and welfare issues. It draws upon research findings from the EU project ‘Welfare Innovations at the local Level in favour of Cohesion’ (WILCO), which takes in social innovations in twenty European cities. First, we argue why there is currently a significant gap between the debate on social innovation and the debate on social welfare reforms. Second, we present attempts that have been made to identify and interpret recurring approaches and instruments in the social innovations studied in relation to various dimensions of the debate on social welfare and services, such as the search for new ways of addressing users and citizens; the emphasis on new risks and related approaches to the issues of rights and responsibilities; and finally the concern with issues of governance. We argue that the features of the local innovations we identified may be significant for welfare systems at large, going beyond the introduction of special new items in special fields. However, the degree to which this will come about in reality will depend on building more bridges of shared understanding between concerns with social innovation on the one hand and welfare reforms on the other hand.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE MACRO ENVIRONMENT ON THE ECOTOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Bezuhla
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The One ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the macro environment on ecotourism infrastructure. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the basic provisions of the theory of ecotourism development in the conditions of transformational changes. To achieve the goal of the research, there were used general scientific theoretical methods: generalization, explanation, grouping – to analyze the views of economists on the object of study and to formulate conclusions of the content analysis of primary sources; analysis and synthesis – to substantiate the conceptual provisions, principles in solving research problems. Results. Ecotourism infrastructure plays a key role in the development of ecotourism. Its existence is associated with the state of productive forces and the territorial division of labor, as well as the efficiency of material production. The infrastructural arrangement of ecotourism, on the one hand, depends on the pace of modernization, and on the other hand, it acts as a driver of economic growth of ecotourism. The development of ecotourism infrastructure depends on the specifics of the industry and regions and is carried out in accordance with changes in the production sphere. It is given that infrastructure has a significant impact on the efficiency of economic entities through the participation of industrial and social services in the creation of consumer value and prices of services. Thus, it is important to study the impact of the macro environment on ecotourism infrastructure. Practical implications. The subject оf research is the theoretical and methodological, as well as scientific and practical principles of assessing the impact of the macro environment on ecotourism infrastructure. In the article, the principles of effective ecotourism with optimal ecotourism infrastructure usage have been justified. It is determined that the development of ecotourism can cause a variety of consequences at the local, regional and national levels, the range of which is from very favorable to destructive. Socio-economic aspects related to the development of ecotourism infrastructure are analyzed. Value/ originality. PEST-analysis of the impact of the macro environment on the ecotourism infrastructure was conducted. Having studied the impact of macroeconomic indicators on ecotourism infrastructure, it can be argued that it is optimal to put economic benefits in the foreground and ensure the preservation of their own habitat.

scholarly journals The Accountability of Cambodian NGOs in Climate Change Projects: The impacts on local communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sothiary Toch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Change Projects ◽  
The Impact

<p>The accountability of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is important to development work. Judging the performance of an NGO in providing social services and whether it has fulfilled its responsibilities with a set of standards is increasingly important due to NGOs working more in social development. In Cambodia NGOs have also become actively involved in climate change actions at all levels and have become an important player among other actors to enforce climate policies. While the influential roles of NGOs in climate policy advocacy and negotiation have been recognised, the impact of their involvement in climate change actions at the local level has been less prominent. This poses a question as to how NGO accountability impacts on local communities with the projects that they are carrying out concerning climate change issues. This thesis explored Cambodian NGOs working in partnership on climate change issues and how issues concerning their accountability to local communities can be evaluated.  This study involved seventeen NGO representatives from different NGOs who work directly in climate change projects in Cambodia. A qualitative approach was employed using interviews with the participants and this primary data collection was supplemented by documentary evidence from secondary sources. The interviews captured the experience and knowledge of the processes of working in partnership on climate change projects by the research participants. The particpants shared with me some of the benefits and difficulties in working in partnership with other NGOs on climate change issues. From their reflections I was able to discern some key findings.  I found that NGO partnership in climate change projects in Cambodia enhances effectiveness and efficiency in project implementation. Partnership strengthens the downward accountability of NGOs in carrying out the projects because inputs and resources are redirected to the ground level of operations and not diverted away from the intended beneficiaries. The partnership movement is grass roots driven, and small local NGOs are able to receive funds and directly benefit local communities. Partnerships enable funding aid to reach the local people through the sub-grant provision scheme. Funding NGOs provide capacity development and technical support throughout the project cycle to their partners so that they can have sufficient capacity to carry out climate change work at the ground level. Partnering NGOs also work with NGO network members in climate change policy advocacy and communication by bringing local voices into the process of policy development. Cambodian NGO partnerships in climate change projects significantly contributes to climate change adaptation actions. I conclude with some recommendations for how this process can be improved.</p>

scholarly journals The Accountability of Cambodian NGOs in Climate Change Projects: The impacts on local communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sothiary Toch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Change Projects ◽  
The Impact

<p>The accountability of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is important to development work. Judging the performance of an NGO in providing social services and whether it has fulfilled its responsibilities with a set of standards is increasingly important due to NGOs working more in social development. In Cambodia NGOs have also become actively involved in climate change actions at all levels and have become an important player among other actors to enforce climate policies. While the influential roles of NGOs in climate policy advocacy and negotiation have been recognised, the impact of their involvement in climate change actions at the local level has been less prominent. This poses a question as to how NGO accountability impacts on local communities with the projects that they are carrying out concerning climate change issues. This thesis explored Cambodian NGOs working in partnership on climate change issues and how issues concerning their accountability to local communities can be evaluated.  This study involved seventeen NGO representatives from different NGOs who work directly in climate change projects in Cambodia. A qualitative approach was employed using interviews with the participants and this primary data collection was supplemented by documentary evidence from secondary sources. The interviews captured the experience and knowledge of the processes of working in partnership on climate change projects by the research participants. The particpants shared with me some of the benefits and difficulties in working in partnership with other NGOs on climate change issues. From their reflections I was able to discern some key findings.  I found that NGO partnership in climate change projects in Cambodia enhances effectiveness and efficiency in project implementation. Partnership strengthens the downward accountability of NGOs in carrying out the projects because inputs and resources are redirected to the ground level of operations and not diverted away from the intended beneficiaries. The partnership movement is grass roots driven, and small local NGOs are able to receive funds and directly benefit local communities. Partnerships enable funding aid to reach the local people through the sub-grant provision scheme. Funding NGOs provide capacity development and technical support throughout the project cycle to their partners so that they can have sufficient capacity to carry out climate change work at the ground level. Partnering NGOs also work with NGO network members in climate change policy advocacy and communication by bringing local voices into the process of policy development. Cambodian NGO partnerships in climate change projects significantly contributes to climate change adaptation actions. I conclude with some recommendations for how this process can be improved.</p>

scholarly journals NEW TOOLS FOR NEW URBAN SPACES? ANALYSES OF PLANNING AND PARTICIPATION TOOLS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE IN (POST)TRANSITIONAL PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Anatolii MELNYCHUK ◽  
Olena DENYSENKO ◽  
Pavlo OSTAPENKO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Current System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

For a long timepost-socialist countries served as a space for interaction between multiple transformations, urban policy changes and urban planning adjustments on the one hand, and challenging institutional and socio-cultural legacy, on the other. What are the outcomes of these interactions and how the urban space is changing? How effective aretraditional (“old”) and newly established planning and participation tools? To what extent does the current system meet the expectations of different stakeholders? These are the main issues to discuss in the paper. For this aim we use the experience of Ukrainian planning system changes in (post)transitional perspective, focusing on several planning and participation tools and their performance both on the national and local level. The impact of the main planning and participation tools on the urban transformations in Ukraine is critically considered in the paper, discussing their outcomes from different perspectives. The local context of using particular tools is discussed through the cases of two cities - Kryvyi Rih and Kherson; this allows to trace the logic of the planning process and practices of urban restructuring, notably by using the tools ofparticipation. Using in-depth interview data,the paper is aimed at revealing how different stakeholders perceive the main planning and participation tools as well as evaluate their effectiveness. Thus, we rethink the changes of planning and participation tools in (post)transitional perspective, their role in urban development processes,their performance in various local contexts and also their compliance with the declared goals and interests of different stakeholder groups.

scholarly journals The State of Local Government and Service Delivery in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Aderonke Majekodunmi
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effective Service

Local government creates an appropriate and conduciveenvironment for the people at the local level through efficient and effective service delivery. The value of localgovernment in a country is inestimable because it is an indispensable arm of government. As a result, the link between the qualities of service that citizens enjoy is very significant. The article examines local government and effective service delivery with special reference to Nigerianlocal governments. It notes that Local government is the closest government<br />to the people at the grassroots level,so it is expected to play significant  roles in providing the social services for the people in order to improve their standard of living. But in Nigeria, the impact of local government is so far limited, especially with regard to improving service delivery. The article observes that  despite the strategic importance of local government to the development process through effective service delivery, there has not been much development in most local governments in Nigeria. The article recommends that  local governments in Nigeria need adequate autonomy that can facilitate their operations and development of the localities through effective service delivery.

Searching for Security: Case Studies of the Impact of Work Restructuring on Households in South Korea, South Africa and Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Lambert ◽  
Edward Webster
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Working People ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The reconfiguration of the employment relationship — through the growing intensification, informalization and casualization of work, downsizing and retrenchments — impacts directly on workers’ households and the communities within which they are embedded. To understand these responses, we need to rethink the way we study the changing employment relationship. Employment relations should not only analyse the workplace: we need to research workers in the totality of their lives. To comprehend these processes we surveyed and interviewed workers in the workplace and in their households and communities. Through following workers into their homes and communities in South Africa, Australia and South Korea, the differential impact of the global restructuring of one industry, the white goods industry, on the non-working life of working people emerged. Two types of responses were identified: on the one hand, a retreat from, or an adaptation to, rapid market liberalization; on the other, mobilization to challenge the market. All three research sites evidenced innovative attempts at the local level to search for security. However, these responses lacked an overall vision of alternative possibilities to the realities of the free market paradigm of globalization.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SHADOWING OF ECONOMY ON INDICATORS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
A. Zolkover
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The One ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
The Impact

One of the biggest threats to the sustainable functioning of the economy, which negatively affects the indicators of its economic and social development is the shadowing of the economy. The growth of shadow financial transactions causes changes in household incomes, increasing inequality in the levels of their material well-being, deteriorating living standards, and so on. With the annual decline in the welfare of the population, increasing requirements for the quality of social services provided by the state, it is becoming increasingly important to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the indicators of social development of the country. The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the causal links between the level of shadowing of the economy and indicators of social development of the country, to determine the most sensitive to the growth of shadow financial transactions indicators. The article analyzes the impact of the shadow economy and indicators of social development of the country, proves the negative impact of shadow financial transactions on the level of material well-being of the population. Based on a comparative analysis of the dynamics of changes in the level of shadowing and the Human Development Index of individual countries, the Gini coefficient, the share of the population in a difficult financial situation, the share of the population in poverty in some countries, the causal relationship between these indicators is proved. The paper concludes that a prerequisite for the development of the shadow sector of the economy is the low level of average wages in the country, which encourages the population to seek alternative (often shadow) sources of income. The expediency of reducing the level of shadowing of the economy as a driver of increasing the level of social development of the country is substantiated. It is proved that at the present stage of economic development of most countries the shadowing of the economy on the one hand causes a decrease in poverty (by improving the material well-being of the population), deteriorating living conditions, easier access to knowledge, and on the other - contributes to the gap in income of the richest and poorest group of the population.

Do You Want to See the Tree? Ignore the Forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Poirel ◽  
Claire Sara Krakowski ◽  
Sabrina Sayah ◽  
Arlette Pineau ◽  
Olivier Houdé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Hierarchical Stimuli ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
The One

The visual environment consists of global structures (e.g., a forest) made up of local parts (e.g., trees). When compound stimuli are presented (e.g., large global letters composed of arrangements of small local letters), the global unattended information slows responses to local targets. Using a negative priming paradigm, we investigated whether inhibition is required to process hierarchical stimuli when information at the local level is in conflict with the one at the global level. The results show that when local and global information is in conflict, global information must be inhibited to process local information, but that the reverse is not true. This finding has potential direct implications for brain models of visual recognition, by suggesting that when local information is conflicting with global information, inhibitory control reduces feedback activity from global information (e.g., inhibits the forest) which allows the visual system to process local information (e.g., to focus attention on a particular tree).

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

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