ECO-INNOVATION FINANCING AS AN ELEMENT OF A “GREEN” ECONOMY FORMATION IN THE GLOBALIZATION CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the necessity for eco-innovation supporting and provide the scientific and practical recommendations for improving eco-innovation public and private financing in the globalizing conditions of sustainable development. Methodology. In the paper, eco-innovations are considered as new technologies, new ways of organizing production and social programs that ensure the movement of society in line with the principles of the theory of sustainable development and the interaction between economic development and environmental preservation, to a greater extent due to the production of additional interrelated internal and external effects.The survey is based on the modern methods of scientific research, in particular, general and special methods of analysis of economic phenomena and processes: historical-logical method; comparative analysis; structural-comparative and graphic analysis; structural-factor analysis (to analyze the impact of environmental factors on economic development and determine the relationship between environmental indices, individual factors and GDP growth rates); correlation-regression analysis (to model the impact of environmental factors on the economic development of the world); scenario approach (to substantiate the priority areas of development of greening of the global economic space); methods of logical analysis, abstract and cognitive modeling. The results of the survey showed that along with the existing problems, there is significant potential for green financing scaling up. The study identified problems that limit the development of eco-innovation financing, which include both problems typical for “green” projects (for example, the lack of a clear definition of the term “green”), and problems typical for the financial sector as a whole (for example, underdeveloped capital markets or discrepancy in financing terms). Scientific and practical recommendations for capital attraction stimulating and the development of eco-innovation financing in the context of world economy sustainable development are proposed. It is substantiated that the main condition for the mobilization of “green” investments from the private sector is a combination of public funding, regulation and participation of private market actors in an effective public-private partnership. Practical implications. The analysis of the peculiarities of the eco-innovation financing allows to determine the impact of public financial instruments on the acceleration and increase of the effect from private financing for “green” investment. The main advantages of introducing and tracking eco-innovations in the global economic system are identified. The conclusion is made about the positive impact of the use of environmental and energy efficient technologies on the level of economic development, investment attractiveness and competitiveness of the country. Value/originality. The provided theoretical bases and practical recommendations consider current trends and conditions for sustainable development of the developed and developing countries economies, may be used by the governments of countries to develop policies towards effective environmental natural resources use and formate an environmental management system in the global economic development greening process, and are the basis for the formation of an ecological and economic model of the country’s development.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE GRAIN MARKET OF UKRAINE FOR EXPORT

The grain market is a sphere of grain circulation, strategic interests for multinational corporations, which includes its processing. The growth in demand for wheat is due to the growing population in the world and other factors that affect the country’s food security. Communication interaction between producer and consumer creates an organizational system in the form of various forms of markets: markets, fairs, auctions, exchanges and more. The trend of increasing the cost of grain is observed around the world because production volumes are insufficient to meet all the needs of the population. The grain market is the main lever in the Ukrainian market. The strategy for the development of grain crops affects the reproduction of the country’s economy as a whole and changes in macro and microeconomic indicators. The climatic conditions of the regions are important factors for the prosperity of the grain market and ensuring yields. A favorable political climate is impossible without the export of domestic products, namely grain. Many countries cannot produce enough grain and import it. A significant share of grain production is concentrated in developed countries, so ensuring it is an important issue around the world, the solution of which is to finance the import of grain crops, including wheat. Ukraine has a huge land potential (chernozems), as well as the prospects and opportunities to expand areas for sowing, thus increasing grain production and strengthening its position in the world market. Grain is an important type of product and has its own versatility, a number of countries around the world annually purchase significant volumes of sourdough products. Ukraine fully meets its domestic needs and is one of the exporters of grain to the EU and the world. Increasing grain yields will help increase production. Due to its uniqueness and long storage time, grain remains a necessary component of the population’s life. Not every country is able to increase production, for this it is necessary to apply strategic measures, in particular in agricultural policy. This is intervention in the grain market, agricultural subsidies and others. Grain resources consist of stocks of previous periods, production and imports. In Ukraine, grain production is increasing. Demand for quality products exists in both domestic and foreign markets. High commodity grades of wheat can be produced under favorable natural conditions, so additional investment in growing quality products is a significant economic lever that ensures the economic growth of the country. Methodology. The purpose of the article is to analyze the grain market and study the role of the state in building a strategy for the development of grain exports. Empirical research methods were used in the study. A comparison of the main indicators of the world grain market and Ukraine’s place in it was made. Due to the use of theoretical research methods, in particular analysis and synthesis, the main features of the grain market were identified and characterized. The main factors influencing the development of the world grain market were identified. High quality of grain production and processing increases the country’s competitiveness on the world market. Results. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that over the past year, despite the trends of coronavirus in the country, Ukraine has strengthened its position and taken a leading position in the production and export of cereals. Factors that affect grain yields in the world also affect yields in Ukraine. Practical implications. During the strategic analysis in our case, we found that the world grain market is affected by many factors: reducing the area for planting in developing countries, increasing grain use, wheat is beginning to occupy a leading position as a food crop, increasing cereal consumption by traditional rice producers, especially in China. The volume of export resources and competitive products is an important advantage of Ukrainian products on the world market. Practical studies have shown that the volume of production and export of Ukrainian grain to international markets also depends on the world grain market. Value/originality. These studies make it possible to determine the country’s place in grain exports to international markets and factors influencing the development of international trade.

EFFICIENCY OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

The transformations of the world economy related to the informatization of society, digitalization of the world in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, which created the preconditions for the special urgency of the problem of effective use of the intellectual potential of national economies, have been considered. It has been proved that the determining factor of innovative development and competitiveness of the national economy is the intellectual potential of all levels of the socio-economic system, including the regional level, which generate technological innovations and create opportunities for the country's transition to a higher level of technological paradigm, which becomes a decisive factor in the competitiveness of the national economy. The interaction and mutual influence of potentials in the composition of the economic potential of the region, the impact of IP of certain re-gions on the national economy (on the example of the Prydniprovsk region) have been revealed. The main factors of competitiveness of the national economy have been analyzed and the development of education and science, equipment and tech-nologies, scientific and technical potential as a basis for effective use of IP of regions has been highlighted. The relationship of intellectual potential, both with the geopo-litical situation of the region and the current labor market as well as with the scien-tific and technical potential of the territory, the number of scientific and educational institutions and their development, the presence of regional scientific clusters have been outlined. The ways of effective use of IP on the basis of the analysis of various directions of conceptual and strategic character of development of national economy have been outlined. The connection between the effective use of intellectual potential and the «retention of talents» and human capital as the main asset of the modern knowledge economy has been studied. It has been concluded that the formation and implementation of the mechanism of retention, cultivation and motivation of staff with modern organizational skills, new digital skills, changing competencies, skills and behavior more in line with Industry 4.0, will depend on the efficiency of intellectual potential and competitiveness of the national economy, to ensure which, the formation and introduction of an innovative ecosystem as a driving force of accelerated economic growth, which is possible through the effective use of intellectual potential is crucial.

THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED REPORTING OF AGRICULTURAL CORPORATIONS: HUMAN CAPITAL

The purpose of the paper is to improve scientific and applied aspects of analysis of integrated reporting of agricultural corporations on the example of human capital indicators. Methodology. Theoretical aspects of the study are based on the international standards of the Global Reporting Initiative and AccountAbility. Applied aspects are the generalization and critical evaluation of the form, content, quantitative and qualitative indicators of integrated reporting of agricultural corporations. The results of the paper are to define non-financial reporting as an integrated format of information on natural, industrial, financial, human, intellectual, social, institutional capital of enterprises. It is shown that the development of the system of formation and presentation of integrated reporting is influenced by two trends that are somewhat mutually exclusive: firstly, supranational regulation by GRI and AA1000 standards; secondly, the voluntary nature and predominance of content over form, which cause significant differences in formats and the difficulty of conducting a comparative analysis of reporting enterprises. It is proved that integrated reporting is a comprehensive set of quantitative and qualitative indicators, which are divided into general, common to all enterprises of the national economy, and specific, inherent in certain types of economic activity. For agricultural corporations, the latter are: protection of agricultural lands, animal well-being, state and directions of development of organic production, etc. The components of integrated reporting of four agricultural corporations of Ukraine are summarized. Their similarity is determined by the substantive characteristics associated with the disclosure of information about the impact of the enterprise on the environment, social and economic impact, corporate governance, animal well-being. The differences are related to the form of presentation of information, the number of sections of integrated reporting. The conceptual basis of human capital management and features of program in separate researched agrarian corporations are generalized. The analysis of human capital as an object of integrated reporting of agricultural corporations on the indicators of the total number of staff, its permanent and seasonal part, gender composition, categories of employees, age, and duration of training has been performed. Practical implications are the development of recommendations aimed at eliminating the shortcomings of the disclosure of information about human capital associated with the prevalence of quantitative indicators over qualitative ones. It is proposed to use indicators of labor productivity, average wages compared to the industry level, as well as motivational mechanisms for staff in the form of corporate health insurance. Value/originality. The necessity of data integration is substantiated not only at the level of the non-financial report, but also at the level of separate sections, which is advisable to be represented by separate types of capital. On the example of the section “Human capital” it is recommended to highlight the units related to its economic, social, cultural, intellectual development, etc. in its composition.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON CHANGING THE BEHAVIOR OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES

The relevance of the research topic is due to the widespread impact of the pandemic on human life and the socio-economic development of the territories. The main factor in changing the behavioral patterns of economic entities in a pandemic was quarantine and the need for social distancing as the main preventive measure to combat the spread of the disease. As a result of distancing, there has been a decline in economic activity, disruption of value chains, rising unemployment, mass bankruptcy of enterprises, as well as changes in the way business structures and the behavior of economic entities. The article aims is to identify changes in the behavior of economic entities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the economy. In the process of research, the set of general methods of scientific cognition (system analysis, logical generalization, analogy, comparative analysis) was used, which provided the possibility of realization of the integrity of scientific research. As a result of the study, the main trends in the behavior of economic entities were identified and analyzed. The following tendencies are revealed: digitalization (transition from social to digital interaction in work and educational processes, circles of close people for the preservation of social distance); changing the model of mobility (reducing the use of public transport, reducing attendance at hotels and restaurants, the transition to distance employment and education, reducing tourism and business travel); changing consumer buying habits (development of e-commerce, “conscious” consumption, support for local producers); infodemic (dissemination of misinformation, the anti-vaccination movement, increase in the number of information messages on conspiracy theories); increased attention to one's health, hygiene and healthy lifestyle (wearing masks, using sanitizers, healthy eating); changes in interpersonal behavior (increase in the number of divorces, increase in cases of domestic violence, restriction of personal contacts, increase in gender inequality). The research conducted in the article allows us to state that the tendencies of changing the behavior of economic entities are potential catalysts for changes in the economy as a whole. Therefore, the question of the exit of the majority of economic entities from the crisis lies in the plane of adaptation and reorientation of their life to the new “post-COVID” conditions.

DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES IN CRISIS ECONOMY IN BRAND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The purpose of the article is to improve and deepen the theoretical aspects of brand value assessment methods, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, combining existing techniques for more effective assessment of the enterprise, the practical calculation of the brand value "Kiivkhlib" on the example of the Ukrainian enterprise-leader of the baking industry. In the article the theoretical analysis of publications, which considered the main aspects of the brand management system at the enterprises, in particular domestic ones, was carried out. The authors also highlighted the subject of the research, which is the given factors and structural elements of brand identity and value from the side of strategic activities of companies that operate in two Ukrainian markets – the market of milk and dairy products and the market of bakery and bakery products. Methodology. To determine the brand value was chosen one of the enterprises in the bakery industry, located in Kiev – "Kiivkhlib". The calculation was carried out using a combination of methods "Interbrand Model" and the method of royalty based on the data of the public accounts of the enterprise for 2019. Determination of the index of the brand role was carried out by expert method using seven basic criteria (leadership, stability, market, internationality, trends, support, protection). The last step was the calculation of the final brand value, where the brand profit is defined as the product of the intangible profit value and the brand role index. Also to calculate the final brand value, it was necessary to calculate the discounted cash flows over the years of the economic life of the investment. Results. As a result the index of brand role added up to 86%. As for "Kiivkhlib" it was determined that the brand multiplier value of 18,8 corresponds to a point estimate of brand strength (86 points). The results obtained by using the method based on "Interbrand" model showed that brand value of "Kiivkhlib" is at the level of 5093,1 thousand UAH. Due to the fact that this model involves a large number of subjective estimates, the results may differ from the calculations obtained by using other methods and models. Practical implications. The value of the brand affects both the financial aspects of the enterprise and its non-financial side. It is worth noting that the brand is an intangible asset but it provides a real financial result in the form of profit. That is why companies, seeking to gain a leading position in the market, should pay close attention to assessing the brand value and using the obtained data in strategic management.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC STABILITY OF THE TELECOMMUNICATION ENTERPRISE IN THE CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY

The article describes the business peculiarities of the telecommunications enterprise and it has been established that changes in the external environment of its activities on their own grounds are a significant factor. This affects the conditions for the implementation of these activities and is a source of a constant threat of results deterioration of these activities, or even its disruption. After all, it is uncertainty that creates the conditions for the emergence of certain barriers in the implementation of measures for strategic management of economic sustainability, leads to a decrease in mobility and adaptability in the development and implementation of strategic measures, contributes to the deformation of key tasks of strategic management, as well as reduces the ability of the enterprise to be characterized by sustainable economic development. The purpose of the paper is to analyze theoretical and methodological formation bases of a set of indicators for assessing the economic stability of a telecommunications enterprise, which operates in modern conditions of uncertainty. Methodology. The study has been carried out on the basis of studying the forms of manifestations, content of uncertainty and sources of risk for the telecommunications company; theoretical and methodological principles of assessing economic stability have been determined through financial analysis; analysis of selection criteria, which are based on the formation of a set of indicators for evaluating the activities of a telecommunications company in conditions of uncertainty, justifying the adequacy of the level of its economic stability, has been performed. Results. In the course of the research the list of sources of risk for the telecommunication enterprise has been defined, the complex of estimating indicators of its economic stability has been formed. It has been established that the key source of uncertainty in the functioning of the telecommunications company is the financial component; it is on its basis that we can assess the economic consequences of both crisis effects and anti-crisis measures. Practical implications. The practical significance is to obtain the economic effect of increasing the economic stability level of the telecommunications enterprise that operates in modern conditions of uncertainty. Conclusions. The defined criteria of selection of indicators taking into account their characteristics represent a basis of a complex formation of balanced indicators of the economic stability estimation of the telecommunication enterprise in the conditions of uncertainty. The indicators of the financial component of a set formation of balanced indicators are characterized by a key role, and their choice should depend on the stage of business development of the telecommunications enterprise, which operates in conditions of uncertainty.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO GREENING ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of implementation of modern eco-innovations and assess their impact on improving the competitiveness of enterprises. Methodology. The main research methods were analysis and synthesis in the study of economic processes that accompanied innovation in enterprises; statistical analysis in the study of the dynamics of waste by type of economic activity and in households; comparative analysis in assessing the world practice of eco-innovation in production; specific and abstract comparative characteristics – in presenting the results, providing conclusions and suggestions for research. Results. Interactive links between innovation and greening are identified. It is emphasized that eco-innovation means a special form of innovation aimed at significantly improving the environment. A critical analysis of the regulatory framework governing sustainable development in Ukraine is made. A statistical assessment of the waste generation process by regions of Ukraine in 2019, including hazard classes I-III, is provided. A secondary statistical observation was conducted, based on the results of which it can be concluded that today three out of twenty people in the world prefer ecological products. It is stated that modern enterprises face a large number of challenges, among which the leading place is occupied by environmental protection and digitalization. The importance of digital, blue and green entrepreneurship (circular business) in Ukraine and the world is proved. The competitive advantages of “digital”, “green” (“blue”) business are obvious: environmental friendliness today is a global trend, and digitalization is the content and benchmark of entrepreneurship; there is currently little competition in green and blue business; their products are in growing demand among consumers; in these types of business there are endless opportunities for the manifestation of creative innovative ideas; these types of business are supported by the public, the state and the world community; eco-innovation can significantly reduce business costs, create conditions for investment and access to foreign markets. Practical implications. These practical recommendations can be applied not only in the Ukrainian business space, but also in the business of countries that have chosen sustainable development. Value/originality. The conducted research can become a theoretical basis for practitioners who aim to provide competitive advantages by greening activities. It is established that the competitive advantages of business today are formed under the influence of globalization processes, digitalization, increasing capital mobility, informatization, and most importantly – improving environmental living standards.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “CENTER-REGION” RELATIONS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

The article considers the issues of environmental and economic security of the region within the socio-economic development of society, taking into account the conceptual approaches to the application of basic parameters and indicators for determining the level of economic security of the country. The purpose of this article is to systematize conceptual approaches to determining the parameters of achieving economic security of regional development within the socio-economic system of society in terms of creating effective relations of organizational and functional interaction of “center-region” relations taking into account the current stage of economic development of Donetsk oblast, Ukraine. Improving the processes of management of the formation of “center – region” relations is based on the study and use of laws and patterns of regional socio-economic development to identify forms of their implementation, which allows to achieve qualitative change in environmental and economic parameters of the region. Ensuring the socio-economic development of society is possible by improving the management of the formation of relations “center – region”, based on the study and use of laws and patterns of regional socio-economic development, identifying forms of their implementation to achieve qualitative change in environmental and economic parameters development of the region. The study of issues of management of the processes of “center – region” relations in the presence of the influence of destabilizing factors becomes an urgent task of ensuring the security of the modern regional economy within the socio-economic system. Given the great scientific and practical significance of this problem, it is advisable to further study the possibilities of “center – region” relations to ensure economic security of the region, taking into account indicators of the regional component of the socio-economic system.

THE ROLE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

At the intersection of the past and the future there is a point of present, which, due to external and internal socio-economic requirements, activates the subject himself, when uniting the sciences of economics and sociology, as well as psychology, philosophy and law, we see the development of a new scientific direction - social capital. Interdisciplinary and multi-vector methodological conception on development has the capabilities to use in all spheres of life, to develop a more productive and inclusive economy because it works directly with people and for people. The development of society and the formation of institutions of citizenship and economic growth are inherently connected with the new economic and social concept, which is an incentive for self-organization, and the establishment of interpersonal and intergroup relations, leading to a path of harmonization based on sincere help and trust. Formulation of the goals and objectives of the article (setting a task). A large amount of research on social capital, a wide and diverse direction of study directly inhibits the systemicity and orderliness of concepts and theoretical knowledge, so at the beginning of the study it is necessary to put problems, tasks, a place in the knowledge system and connection with other disciplines. The purpose of the study is to separate and determine the individuality of a person in the process of social capital, attitude and behavior of the individual and group at all levels of this concept, analysis, specifics and structural content of social capital. Methodology. During the research, to study and achieve the goal, the analysis of theoretical aspects and generalizations of scientific sources, dialectic cognition of the formation of social capital, revealed a kind of economic concept, methods of induction and deduction, abstraction of theoretical provisions and dialectic cognition were carried out. Results. The article raises the issue of the resource of socio-economic growth and improvement, on the basis of intergroup and interpersonal interactions and relationships at a high micro level, on the foundation of trust and cooperation between people, single work and development of state, economic, civic platforms. It is with humans that the mechanism of development, accumulation and effective use begins. The accumulation of individuality in the development of social capital of the economic system and the main components of social capital, such as trust and reliability, are studied. The analysis of economic behavior of the individual when making a rational decision in the world of economic changes is carried out. The practical component of the main provisions of the concept and levels of social capital, and its role in the general concept of the economic component can further develop and be used in the process of developing the analysis and development of the individual with individual behavior and personal decision-making. Value/originality. The theory of social capital itself is new and little-studied, so any vector of study and research gives a new impetus to interest and further development of the detection of theoretical aspects, generalization to definition and essence, outlining the main directions of development and formation for the future.