scholarly journals Linking Greenspace Ecological Networks Optimization into Urban Expansion Planning: Insights from China’s Total Built Land Control Policy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Zhou Shen ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Shiqi Tian ◽  
Jiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Ecological Networks ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Land Transformation ◽  
Expansion Planning ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Land Control

Greenspace ecological networks (GENs) optimization is an effective way to prevent landscape fragmentation and promote ecological processes. Built land sprawl is an important factor affecting this optimization. However, few studies have specifically analyzed the encroachments caused by existing built land on GENs. Given the insights from China’s total built land control policy, this study proposed a new idea of linking GENs optimization into urban expansion planning through land transformation. This idea was implemented in the Su-Xi-Chang area and integrated a series of methods, emphasizing the importance of built land encroachments removal for restoring the connectivity and quality of GENs. We identified that the built land encroached on GENs. Furthermore, we proposed to transfer the scattered rural/industrial land, whose amount was set as the land quota for urban expansion planning. Four scenarios of urban expansion were simulated based on China’s land use policies/practices and assessed by landscape metrics. The land transformation happened between rural and urban land. The main findings indicated that more inclusive urban expansion planning with consideration of the GENs optimization can be obtained. This study has practical contributions regarding GENs optimization and urban expansion planning for policymakers and our ideas of land transformation provide a reference for similar studies.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Urban Expansion on Surrounding Forested Landscape Connectivity across Space and Time

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Zhouqiao Ren ◽  
Jianhua He ◽  
Qiaobing Yue
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Dynamic Landscapes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Landscape connectivity is important for all organisms as it directly affects population dynamics. Yet, rapid urbanization has caused serious landscape fragmentation, which is the primary contributor of species extinctions worldwide. Previous studies have mostly used spatial snap-shots to evaluate the impact of urban expansion on landscape connectivity. However, the interactions among habitats over time in dynamic landscapes have been largely ignored. Here, we demonstrated that overlooking temporal connectivity can lead to the overestimation of the impact of urban expansion. How much greater the overestimation is depends on the amount of net habitat loss. Moreover, we showed that landscape connectivity may have a delayed response to urban expansion. Our analysis shifts the way to understand the ecological consequences of urban expansion. Our framework can guide sustainable urban development and can be inspiring to conservation practices under other contexts (e.g., climate change).

scholarly journals A study about the sustainable challenges of extended areas in Taiwan and lessons for Ho Chi Minh, Dong Nai and Binh Duong regions

2020 ◽  
pp. 413-421
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Urban Activities

This paper examines the main challenges of the processes of space and social policy change present to current urbanization trends of Taiwan. The chapter argues that one of the main challenges is economic growth, increasing integration into the global economy and making Taiwan competitive in the global economy. This process leads to the growth of large urban regions that present many challenges to the urban development in the future. In particular, the paper focuses on the most fragile areas of the extended urban spaces are the rural and urban margins, where urban activities are expanding into densely populated agricultural regions. It is argued that in these areas, local policies should be developed that adapt to local ecosystems. The paper presents lessons of interventions in this field for Ho Chi Minh, Dong Nai and Binh Duong Region for urban expansion.

scholarly journals Degree of urbanization and predation pressure on artificial lepidopteran caterpillars in Cali, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Cupitra-Rodríguez ◽  
Lorena Cruz-Bernate ◽  
James Montoya-Lerma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Trophic Networks ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Predator Community

Growing urban expansion results in the alteration of ecological processes (i.e. predation) within trophic networks. Predation on herbivores is known to vary with the size of the area covered in vegetation, successional stage, altitude, and the structure of the predator community, but there are gaps in information regarding how this occurs in urban and suburban environments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the predation pressure on artificial models of lepidopteran larvae varied with degree of urbanization, type of substrate, and group of predators (birds or arthropods) in Cali, Colombia. Five hundred and eighteen artificial larvae were placed in two areas of the city (urban vs. suburban) and in two types of substrate (leaf vs. stem) for 30 continuous days and with two replications over time. Total predation was measured as the number of models with evidence of attack by predators. The overall incidence of predation was 24.13%, and was significantly higher in the urban area (63.20%) when compared to the suburban area (36.80%). The leaf substrate was attacked significantly more than the stem (60% vs. 40%). The proportion of attacks carried out by birds was significantly higher (74.40%) than that carried out by arthropods (24.80%). Together, these results suggest that the incidence of predation varies with the disturbance caused by urbanization and by the type of substrate in which prey organisms are found. In addition, the study confirms that birds are the main controllers of herbivorous insects in urban environments.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Urban Expansion Impacts on Land Transformation of Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
BIJAY HALDER ◽  
Masoud Haghbin ◽  
Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Land Transformation ◽  
North West ◽  
Urban Amenities ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Vegetation Loss

Urban expansion, population pressure, and increasing industrialization are influenced the world's natural environment, increased climate change, and global warming. Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are occurring due to anthropogenic activities and the results are land transformation, thermal variation, heat stress, and massive vegetation loss, which is increased oxygen deficiency and air pollution. Remote sensing-based Landsat TM and OLI/TIRS data were used to identify the land transformation and the effect of urbanization in Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality in the years 2000 and 2020. The Built-up land was increased due to anthropogenic activities and around 12.16% area has been increased. Similarly, the agricultural land has been increased by 2.10 km2 area and vegetation area has been decreased around 6.52 km2 in the study area. The vegetation degradation areas were located in the South, South-west, and central parts of this study area. Correspondingly, North, North-west and central parts have a noticeable amount of built-up area developed. During twenty years, 6.97°C temperature was increased due to urban expansion, population pressure, transportation accessibility, and other urban amenities. The overall accuracies of classification maps were 96.25% and 91.64 % and the kappa coefficients were 0.95 and 0.89 respectively.

scholarly journals LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION AND FIRE VULNERABILITY IN PRIMARY FOREST ADJACENT TO RECENT LAND CLEARINGS IN THE AMAZON ARC OF DEFORESTATION

FLORESTA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Alvarado ◽  
David V. Sandberg ◽  
Joao Andrade De Carvalho Jr. ◽  
Ralf Gielow ◽  
José Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Undisturbed Forest

Deforestación extensiva en el Amazonas ha creado una selva bastante fragmentada en regiones con tasas altas de deforestación y de uso del fuego para limpia y mantenimiento de terrenos. El bosque en la interfase con estas deforestaciones sufre cambios drásticos en microclima, vegetación y procesos ecológicos, los cuales son favorables para la combustión bajo las copas después de una sequía prolongada. Un incremento en el uso del fuego, aunado a una mayor área de bosque vulnerable a incendios es una amenaza para la integridad y sustentabilidad de selvas tropicales. Se presentan resultados de estudios conducidos en Mato Groso de 1997 al 2003 como parte de experimentos para estudiar combustión de biomasa, tasas de liberación de carbono y flamabilidad de selvas. Se monitorearon cambios en susceptibilidad a incendios en la interfase entre el bosque y áreas recientemente deforestadas durante la temporada de sequía, al final de la cual se desarrollaron quemas experimentales. Abstract Extensive deforestation in the Amazon has created a highly fragmented forest in regions with an extensive rate of land use conversion and use of fire for land clearing, agriculture and grassland maintenance. The forest on the interface with land clearings suffers drastic changes in micro weather, vegetation, and ecological processes. Those altered conditions are favorable to sustaining understory fires after a prolonged drought. An increasing amount of fire usage, coupled with large areas of forest vulnerable to fire creates a new threat to the integrity and sustainability of the tropical forests in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropical world. This paper presents the results of experimental burnings conducted from 1997 to 2003 in Mato Grosso. The study monitored the change in vulnerability of the interface between primary forest and recent deforested patches, monitored fire behavior and depth of fire penetration in the undisturbed forest on the edge of land clearing.

scholarly journals Ecological networks: delving into the architecture of biodiversity

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20131000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Heleno ◽  
Cristina Garcia ◽  
Pedro Jordano ◽  
Anna Traveset ◽  
José Maria Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Networks ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Visualization Tools ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Network Studies ◽  
Analytical Tools

In recent years, the analysis of interaction networks has grown popular as a framework to explore ecological processes and the relationships between community structure and its functioning. The field has rapidly grown from its infancy to a vibrant youth, as reflected in the variety and quality of the discussions held at the first international symposium on Ecological Networks in Coimbra—Portugal (23–25 October 2013). The meeting gathered 170 scientists from 22 countries, who presented data from a broad geographical range, and covering all stages of network analyses, from sampling strategies to effective ways of communicating results, presenting new analytical tools, incorporation of temporal and spatial dynamics, new applications and visualization tools. 1 During the meeting it became evident that while many of the caveats diagnosed in early network studies are successfully being tackled, new challenges arise, attesting to the health of the discipline.

scholarly journals Impacts of Urbanization on the Muthurajawela Marsh and Negombo Lagoon, Sri Lanka: Implications for Landscape Planning towards a Sustainable Urban Wetland Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Darshana Athukorala ◽  
Ronald C. Estoque ◽  
Yuji Murayama ◽  
Bunkei Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Wetland

Urban wetland ecosystems (UWEs) play important social and ecological roles but are often adversely affected by urban landscape transformations. Spatio-temporal analyses to gain insights into the trajectories of landscape changes in these ecosystems are needed for better landscape planning towards sustainable UWEs. In this study, we examined the impacts of urbanization on the Muthurajawela Marsh and Negombo Lagoon (MMNL), an important UWE in Sri Lanka that provides valuable ecosystem services. We used remote sensing data to detect changes in the land use/cover (LUC) of the MMNL over a two-decade period (1997–2017) and spatial metrics to characterize changes in landscape composition and configuration. The results revealed that the spatial and socio-economic elements of rapid urbanization of the MMNL had been the main driver of transformation of its natural environment over the past 20 years. This is indicated by a substantial expansion of settlements (+68%) and a considerable decrease of marshland and mangrove cover (−41% and −21%, respectively). A statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the change in population density and the loss of wetland due to settlement expansion at the Grama Niladhari division level (n = 99) (where wetland includes marshland, mangrove, and water) (1997–2007: R2 = 0.435, p = 0.000; 2007–2017: R2 = 0.343, p = 0.000). The findings also revealed that most of the observed LUC changes occurred in areas close to roads and growth nodes (viz. Negombo, Ja-Ela, Wattala, and Katana), which resulted in both landscape fragmentation and infill urban expansion. We conclude that, in order to ensure the sustainability of the MMNL, there is an urgent need for forward-looking landscape and urban planning to promote environmentally conscious urban development in the area which is a highly valuable UWE.

scholarly journals The double burden of malnutrition in India: Trends and inequalities (2006–2016)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247856
Author(s):  
Phuong Hong Nguyen ◽  
Samuel Scott ◽  
Derek Headey ◽  
Nishmeet Singh ◽  
Lan Mai Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Wealth Inequalities ◽  
Over Time

Rapid urban expansion has important health implications. This study examines trends and inequalities in undernutrition and overnutrition by gender, residence (rural, urban slum, urban non-slum), and wealth among children and adults in India. We used National Family Health Survey data from 2006 and 2016 (n = 311,182 children 0-5y and 972,192 adults 15-54y in total). We calculated differences, slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index to examine changes over time and inequalities in outcomes by gender, residence, and wealth quintile. Between 2006 and 2016, child stunting prevalence dropped from 48% to 38%, with no gender differences in trends, whereas child overweight/obesity remained at ~7–8%. In both years, stunting prevalence was higher in rural and urban slum households compared to urban non-slum households. Within-residence, wealth inequalities were large for stunting (SII: -33 to -19 percentage points, pp) and declined over time only in urban non-slum households. Among adults, underweight prevalence decreased by ~13 pp but overweight/obesity doubled (10% to 21%) between 2006 and 2016. Rises in overweight/obesity among women were greater in rural and urban slum than urban non-slum households. Within-residence, wealth inequalities were large for both underweight (SII -35 to -12pp) and overweight/obesity (+16 to +29pp) for adults, with the former being more concentrated among poorer households and the latter among wealthier households. In conclusion, India experienced a rapid decline in child and adult undernutrition between 2006 and 2016 across genders and areas of residence. Of great concern, however, is the doubling of adult overweight/obesity in all areas during this period and the rise in wealth inequalities in both rural and urban slum households. With the second largest urban population globally, India needs to aggressively tackle the multiple burdens of malnutrition, especially among rural and urban slum households and develop actions to maintain trends in undernutrition reduction without exacerbating the rapidly rising problems of overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals A Values-Led Planning Approach for Sustainable Land Use and Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armands Auziņš ◽  
Jānis Viesturs
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Land Management Practice ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Land Use Policies

Abstract The creation of positive synergy in managing land-related resources if exploring the territorial capabilities, threats and opportunities, e.g. the effects of urban expansion, multi-functionality of land use, internalisation of negative externalities and challenges of a city agglomeration, causes primary necessity for the modern society. The study is concerned with the conceptual background and feasibility aspects of values-led planning (VLP) approach to be introduced into land management practice by capitalising first of all on comparative analysis of dynamic spatial planning systems and planning cultures. Finally, it is argued that the implementation of new planning approach within proposed framework would lead towards improved land use policies and better territorial governance, developing more inclusive and resilient territories for the benefit of a society.

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