Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep Quality in Adults with Primary Hypertension and Obesity before and after an Aerobic Exercise Program: EXERDIET-HTA Study

Background: The purposes of the study were to: analyze, by objective (accelerometry) and subjective (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) methodologies, the physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in healthy adults (HEALTHY, n = 30) and individuals with primary hypertension (HTN) and overweight/obesity (n = 218); assess the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep quality in the HTN group; and evaluate the relationship between objectively measured and subjectively reported PA and SB. Methods: The measurements were performed before a 16-week exercise intervention period in both HEALTHY and HTN groups and after the intervention period only in the HTN group, randomized to attention control or exercise training (ExT) subgroups. Results: The HEALTHY group showed more moderate-to-vigorous PA (p < 0.05) and better sleep quality (p < 0.05) than the HTN group, but no difference in SB. After the intervention, HTN participants’ PA and SB, objectively measured by accelerometry, were unchanged, but increased PA and decreased SB (p < 0.05) were observed through IPAQ in ExT. The intervention was effective in improving sleep quality in HTN participants. Conclusions: The differences in moderate-to-vigorous PA and SB may be useful in defining the health profile of a population. The supervised aerobic exercise program was effective in increasing PA, reducing SB, and improving sleep quality in overweight/obese adults with HTN. Accelerometer-measured and self-reported data were not comparable, but complementary.

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Effect of exercise on sleep and bi-directional associations with accelerometer-assessed physical activity in men with obesity

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2020-0361 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tatiana Plekhanova ◽

Alex V. Rowlands ◽

Melanie Davies ◽

Charlotte L. Edwardson ◽

Andrew Hall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Onset Time ◽

Post Intervention

This study examined the effect of exercise training on sleep duration and quality and bidirectional day-to-day relationships between physical activity (PA) and sleep. Fourteen inactive men with obesity (49.2±7.9 years, BMI 34.9±2.8 kg/m²) completed a baseline visit, eight-week aerobic exercise intervention, and one-month post-intervention follow-up. PA and sleep were assessed continuously throughout the study duration using wrist-worn accelerometry. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine associations between PA and sleep. Sleep duration increased from 5.2h at baseline to 6.6h during the intervention period and 6.5h at one-month post-intervention follow-up (p<0.001). Bi-directional associations showed that higher overall activity volume and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with earlier sleep onset time (p<0.05). Later timing of sleep onset was associated with lower overall volume of activity, most active continuous 30 minutes (M30CONT), and MVPA (p<0.05). Higher overall activity volume, M30CONT, and MVPA predicted more wake after sleep onset (WASO) (p<0.001), whereas greater WASO was associated with higher overall volume of activity, M30CONT, and MVPA (p<0.001). An aerobic exercise intervention increased usual sleep duration. Day-to-day, more PA predicted earlier sleep onset, but worse sleep quality and vice versa. Novelty: • Greater levels of physical activity in the day were associated with an earlier sleep onset time that night, whereas a later timing of sleep onset was associated with lower physical activity the next day in men with obesity • Higher physical activity levels were associated with worse sleep quality, and vice versa

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Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12155890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 5890 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Borja Sañudo ◽

Curtis Fennell ◽

Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Smartphone Use ◽

Objectively Measured

This study assessed the effects of COVID-19 home confinement on physical activity, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, and sleep patterns. Data was collected in a sample of 20 young adults (mean age ± SD: 22.6 ± 3.4 years; 55% males) over seven days pre- and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Objective and subjective physical activity (Accelerometer and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively), the number of hours sitting (IPAQ), objectively-measured smartphone use (smartphone screen time applications), and objective and subjective sleep (accelerometer and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively) were assessed. Results revealed significantly greater walking time and mean steps (p < 0.001, d = 1.223 to 1.605), and moderate and vigorous physical activity (p < 0.05, d = 0.568 to 0.616), in the pre- compared with the during-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Additionally, smartphone use (p = 0.009, d = 0.654), sitting time (p = 0.002, d = 1.120), and total sleep (p < 0.004, d = 0.666) were significantly greater in the during- compared with the pre-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Multiple regressions analyses showed associations between physical activity and sedentary behavior and sleep quality. The number of hours sitting per day and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly predicted deep sleep (adj.R2 = 0.46). In conclusion, this study revealed that during the COVID-19 outbreak, behaviors changed, with participants spending less time engaging in physical activity, sitting more, spending more time using the smartphone, and sleeping more hours. These findings may be of importance to make recommendations, including lifestyle modifications during this time.

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Associations of Objectively-Assessed Smartphone Use with Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Mood, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3499 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Moisés Grimaldi-Puyana ◽

José María Fernández-Batanero ◽

Curtis Fennell ◽

Borja Sañudo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Mood State ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Smartphone Use ◽

Low Levels ◽

Objectively Measured

This study assesses the associations of objectively-measured smartphone time with physical activity, sedentary behavior, mood, and sleep patterns among young adults by collecting real-time data of the smartphone screen-state. The sample consisted of 306 college-aged students (mean age ± SD: 20.7 ± 1.4 years; 60% males). Over seven days of time, the following variables were measured in the participants: objectively-measured smartphone use (Your Hour and Screen Time applications), objective and subjective physical activity (GoogleFit and Apple Health applications, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively), the number of hours sitting (IPAQ), mood (The Profile of Mood State (POMS)), and sleep (The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)). Multiple regressions analyses showed that the number of hours sitting per day, physical activity, and the POMS Global Score significantly predicted smartphone use (adj.R2 = 0.15). Further, participants with low levels of physical activity were more likely to increase the use of smartphones (OR = 2.981). Moreover, mood state (β = 0.185; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.32) and sleep quality (β = 0.076; 95% CI = −0.06, 0.21) predicted smartphone use, with those reporting poor quality of sleep (PSQI index >5) being more likely to use the smartphone (OR = 2.679). In conclusion, there is an association between objectively-measured smartphone use and physical activity, sedentary behavior, mood, and sleep patterns. Those participants with low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behavior, poor mood state, and poor sleep quality were more likely to spend more time using their smartphones.

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Exercise as medicine: Role in the management of primary hypertension

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2014-0006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 856-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Philip J. Millar ◽

Jack M. Goodman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Primary Hypertension ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Dietary Choices ◽

Current Guidelines

Primary hypertension affects ∼1 in 5 Canadians and significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and early mortality. Guidelines for the management of hypertension recommend lifestyle modifications (e.g., increased physical activity, smoking cessation, moderate alcohol consumption, improved dietary choices) as the frontline strategy to prevent and manage high blood pressure (BP). In particular, acute and chronic aerobic exercise has consistently been shown to reduce resting and ambulatory BP, with the largest effects in hypertensive patients. Current guidelines recommend 30–60 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise 4–7 days per week, in addition to activities of daily living. The role of resistance training in the management of hypertension is less clear, although available data suggests resistance exercise can be performed safely without risk of increasing BP or adverse events. Presently, resistance exercise (8–10 exercises, 1–2 set(s) of 10–15 repetitions, 2–3 days/week) is advocated only as an adjunct exercise modality. Patients desiring to begin an exercise program should complete the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q or PAR-Q+) or as required, the Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X) or Physician Clearance Form in consultation with their clinician and (or) trained exercise professional. A greater emphasis on utilizing exercise as medicine will produce positive nonpharmacologic benefits for hypertensive patients and improve overall cardiovascular risk profiles.

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Comparisons of physical activity and sedentary behavior between owners and non-owners of commercial wearable devices

Perspectives in Public Health ◽

10.1177/1757913921989389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 (2) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Hsin-Yen Yen ◽

Hao-Yun Huang

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Short Form ◽

Wearable Devices ◽

Wearable Device ◽

World Health ◽

World Health Organization Quality ◽

Quality Of Life Scale

Aims: Wearable devices are a new strategy for promoting physical activity in a free-living condition that utilizes self-monitoring, self-awareness, and self-determination. The main purpose of this study was to explore health benefits of commercial wearable devices by comparing physical activity, sedentary time, sleep quality, and other health outcomes between individuals who used and those that did not use commercial wearable devices. Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional study using an Internet survey in Taiwan. Self-administered questionnaires included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, and World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale. Results: In total, 781 participants were recruited, including 50% who were users of wearable devices and 50% non-users in the most recent 3 months. Primary outcomes revealed that wearable device users had significantly higher self-reported walking, moderate physical activity, and total physical activity, and significantly lower sedentary time than non-users. Wearable device users had significantly better sleep quality than non-users. Conclusion: Wearable devices inspire users’ motivation, engagement, and interest in physical activity through habit formation. Wearable devices are recommended to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior for promoting good health.

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Associations between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and time in bed among 75+ community-dwelling Danish older adults

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01856-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li-Tang Tsai ◽

Eleanor Boyle ◽

Jan C. Brønd ◽

Gry Kock ◽

Mathias Skjødt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Activity Level ◽

Time In Bed ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Objectively Measured Physical Activity ◽

Vector Magnitude

Abstract Background Older adults are recommended to sleep 7–8 h/day. Time in bed (TIB) differs from sleep duration and includes also the time of lying in bed without sleeping. Long TIB (≥9 h) are associated with self-reported sedentary behavior, but the association between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and TIB is unknown. Methods This study was based on cross-sectional analysis of the Healthy Ageing Network of Competence (HANC Study). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph) placed on the dominant wrist for 7 days. Sedentary behavior was classified as < 2303 counts per minute (cpm) in vector magnitude and physical activity intensities were categorized, as 2303–4999 and ≥ 5000 cpm in vector magnitude. TIB was recorded in self-reported diaries. Participants were categorized as UTIB (usually having TIB 7–9 h/night: ≥80% of measurement days), STIB (sometimes having TIB 7–9 h/night: 20–79% of measurement days), and RTIB (rarely having TIB 7–9 h/night: < 20% of measurement days). Multinominal regression models were used to calculate the relative risk ratios (RRR) of being RTIB and STIB by daily levels of physical activity and SB, with UTIB as the reference group. The models were adjusted for age, sex, average daily nap length and physical function. Results Three hundred and fourty-one older adults (median age 81 (IQR 5), 62% women) were included with median TIB of 8 h 21 min (1 h 10 min)/day, physical activity level of 2054 (864) CPM with 64 (15) % of waking hours in sedentary behavior. Those with average CPM within the highest tertile had a lower RRR (0.33 (0.15–0.71), p = 0.005) for being RTIB compared to those within the lowest tertile of average CPM. Accumulating physical activity in intensities 2303–4999 and ≥ 5000 cpm/day did not affect the RRR of being RTIB. RRR of being RTIB among highly sedentary participants (≥10 h/day of sedentary behavior) more than tripled compared to those who were less sedentary (3.21 (1.50–6.88), p = 0.003). Conclusions For older adults, being physically active and less sedentary was associated with being in bed for 7–9 h/night for most nights (≥80%). Future longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the causal relationship sbetween physical activity and sleep duration.

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Regular Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity and Walking Are Associated with Divergent but Not Convergent Thinking in Japanese Young Adults

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11081046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1046

Author(s):

Chong Chen ◽

Yasuhiro Mochizuki ◽

Kosuke Hagiwara ◽

Masako Hirotsu ◽

Shin Nakagawa

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Creative Thinking ◽

Divergent Thinking ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Convergent Thinking ◽

Intervention Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vigorous Intensity

The beneficial effects of regular physical activity (PA) on cognitive functions have received much attention. Recent research suggests that regular PA may also enhance creative thinking, an indispensable cognitive factor for invention and innovation. However, at what intensity regular PA brings the most benefits to creative thinking remains uninvestigated. Furthermore, whether the levels of regular PA affect the acute PA effects on creative thinking is also unclear. In the present study, using a previous dataset that investigated the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on creative thinking in healthy Japanese young adults (22.98 ± 1.95 years old) in the year 2020, we tested the association between different intensities of regular PA (i.e., vigorous, moderate, and walking) and creative thinking with the cross-sectional baseline data using multiple linear regression. We also investigated whether regular PA levels were associated with the acute aerobic exercise intervention effects on creative thinking. The results showed that cross-sectionally, the regular PAs were differentially associated with divergent but not convergent thinking. Specifically, whereas the amount of vigorous-intensity PA was positively associated with fluency and flexibility, the amount of walking was positively associated with novelty on the alternate uses test (AUT) measuring divergent thinking. Importantly, the explained variances of fluency, flexibility, and novelty were 20.3% (p = 0.040), 18.8% (p = 0.055), and 20.1% (p = 0.043), respectively. None of the regular PAs predicted convergent thinking (i.e., an insight problem-solving task), nor were they associated with the acute aerobic exercise intervention effects on divergent and convergent thinking. These findings suggest that engaging in regular vigorous-intensity PA and walking may be useful strategies to enhance different aspects of divergent thinking in daily life.

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POS1465-HPR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND SLEEP IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1017.2-1018

Author(s):

N. Kelly ◽

E. Hawkins ◽

H. O’leary ◽

K. Quinn ◽

G. Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune inflammatory condition that affects 0.5% of the adult population worldwide (1). Sedentary behavior (SB) is any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure of ≤1.5 METs (metabolic equivalent) and a sitting or reclining posture, e.g. computer use (2) and has a negative impact on health in the RA population (3). Sleep is an important health behavior, but sleep quality is an issue for people living with RA (4, 5). Poor sleep quality is associated with low levels of physical activity in RA (4) however the association between SB and sleep in people who have RA has not been examined previously.Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SB and sleep in people who have RA.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients were recruited from rheumatology clinics in a large acute public hospital serving a mix of urban and rural populations. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of RA by a rheumatologist according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria age ≥ 18 and ≤ 80 years; ability to mobilize independently or aided by a stick; and to understand written and spoken English. Demographic data on age, gender, disease duration and medication were recorded. Pain and fatigue were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SB was measured using the ActivPAL4™ activity monitor, over a 7-day wear period. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe participant characteristics. Relationships between clinical characteristics and SB were examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and regression analyses.Results:N=76 participants enrolled in the study with valid data provided by N=72 participants. Mean age of participants was 61.5years (SD10.6) and the majority 63% (n = 47) were female. Participant mean disease duration was 17.8years (SD10.9). Mean SB time was 533.7 (SD100.1) minutes (8.9 hours per day/59.9% of waking hours). Mean sleep quality score was 7.2 (SD5.0) (Table 1). Correlation analysis and regression analysis found no significant correlation between sleep quality and SB variables. Regression analysis demonstrated positive statistical associations for SB time and body mass index (p-value=0.03846, R2 = 0.05143), SB time and pain VAS (p-value=0.009261, R2 = 0.07987), SB time and HADS (p-value = 0.009721, R2 = 0.08097) and SB time and HADSD (p-value = 0.01932, R2 = 0.0643).Conclusion:We found high levels of sedentary behavior and poor sleep quality in people who have RA, however no statistically significant relationship was found in this study. Future research should further explore the complex associations between sedentary behavior and sleep quality in people who have RA.References:[1]Carmona L, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010;24:733–745.[2]Anon. Letter to the editor: standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab = Physiol Appl Nutr Metab 2012;37:540–542.[3]Fenton, S.A.M. et al. Sedentary behaviour is associated with increased long-term cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis independently of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18, 131 (2017).[4]McKenna S, et al. Sleep and physical activity: a cross-sectional objective profile of people with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2018 May;38(5):845-853.[5]Grabovac, I., et al. 2018. Sleep quality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and associations with pain, disability, disease duration, and activity. Journal of clinical medicine, 7(10)336.Table 1.Sleep quality in people who have RASleep variableBed Time N(%) before 10pm13(18%) 10pm-12pm43 (60%) after 12pm16 (22%)Hours Sleep mean(SD)6.56 (1.54)Fall Asleep minutes mean(SD)33.3(27.7)Night Waking N(%)45(63%)Self-Rate Sleep mean(SD)2.74 (0.90)Hours Sleep mean(SD)6.56 (1.54)Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity in a sample of Finnish adults: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-016-3591-y ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Pauliina Husu ◽

Jaana Suni ◽

Henri Vähä-Ypyä ◽

Harri Sievänen ◽

Kari Tokola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Objectively Measured

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Abstract P337: Adolescent Sleep is Associated With Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p337 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica A Parascando ◽

Fan He ◽

Steriani Elavsky ◽

Edward O Bixler ◽

Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Quantity ◽

Adolescent Population ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Penn State ◽

State Child ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

And Behavior

Introduction: A decrease in sleep quantity and quality is a growing concern in the adolescent population. Concurrently, an increase in physical inactivity has been shown to be related to numerous health consequences. There is a lack of literature on the relationship between sleep, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in the adolescent population, particularly looking at night-to-night sleep irregularity. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that increased PA and decreased SB in both objective and subject modalities would be associated with greater habitual sleep duration (HSD) and lesser habitual sleep variability (HSV) in this adolescent population. Methods: Objective and subjective sleep and activity measurements were collected from 295 adolescents in the Penn State Child Cohort follow-up examination. Objectively-measured variables were obtained through 7 consecutive days of actigraphy collection. HSD was calculated as the average sleep duration across 7 nights, and HSV was calculated as the standard deviation (SD) of intra-individual sleep duration. Subjects with <5 nights of sleep data were excluded from analysis. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect subjectively-measured sleep, PA, and SB data. The relationships between sleep and behavior measures were assessed using linear regressions. All models were adjusted for age, sex, race and BMI percentile. Results: On average, our sample was 16.8 years, 52% male, and 79% white. We found that higher SB was associated with shorter HSD. With one SD change in objectively-measured SB (1014 minutes), HSD is reduced by 16 (3.6) minutes (p<0.05). Although not statistically significant, subjective SB showed a similar pattern. Unexpectedly, both objective and subjective measures of increased PA were associated with shorter HSD. In terms of HSV, we found that higher subjective SB was associated with greater HSV; specifically, with one SD change in subjectively-measured SB (8.64 points), HSV increased by 0.011 (0.004) minutes. None of the PA measures were significantly associated with HSV. Conclusions: In conclusion, objectively-measured sleep patterns are related to physical activity/inactivity. Our results emphasize the need of future studies to systematically assess the inter-relationship of sleep and physical activity in this population.

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