Tetraedron minimum, First Reported Member of Hydrodictyaceae to Accumulate Secondary Carotenoids

We isolated a novel strain of the microalga Tetraedron minimum in Iceland from a terrestrial habitat. During long-term cultivation, a dish culture turned orange, indicating the presence of secondary pigments. Thus, we characterized T. minimum for growth and possible carotenoid production in different inorganic media. In a lab-scale photobioreactor, we confirmed that nitrogen starvation in combination with salt stress triggered a secondary carotenoid accumulation. The development of the pigment composition and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was analyzed throughout the cultivations. The final secondary carotenoid composition was, on average, 61.1% astaxanthin and 38.9% adonixanthin. Moreover, the cells accumulated approx. 83.1% unsaturated fatty acids. This work presents the first report of the formation of secondary carotenoids within the family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta).

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Supplemental Material for The Family Environment in Early Childhood Has a Long-Term Effect on Self-Esteem: A Longitudinal Study From Birth to Age 27 Years

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ◽

10.1037/pspp0000143.supp ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Family Environment ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

The Family

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Evaluation of the Laxative activity of Saponin Enriched Hydroethanolic Pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus in Animal models

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216999200924162315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Lalitha Vivekanandan ◽

Roxanne Gekonge Mandere ◽

Sivakumar Thangavel

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Triterpene Saponins ◽

Laxative Effect ◽

Saponin Content ◽

The Family ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Efficacious Drug

Background: Constipation is a common, predominant, chronic gastrointestinal functional disorder. The drugs available to treat constipation are limited because of their side effects in long term use. So we need of efficacious drug to treat constipation. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl belongs to the family Sapindaceae, commonly known as soapnut. Traditionally used for the antipruritic, antifertility, constipation, and anti-inflammatory agents. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus (HESE) in animal models. Methods: The saponin content in extract was measured by gravimetric analysis. The laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus is evaluated by the weight of feces matter, charcoal meal hyperperistalsis test, and loperamide induced constipation model. Results: The saponin content of the soapnut pericarp was 13.48 % and the extract was found to be 11.92 %. The results obtained from these models showed a significant dose-dependent increase in fecal weight, peristalsis index, and moisture content compared to control animals. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the oral administration of HESE showed a significant laxative activity by using different animal models. The presence of triterpene saponins is responsible for this activity. Further studies are needed to confirm their mechanism behind the laxative effect. The administration of extract was found to be a valid candidate in constipation therapy.

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Redescription and relationships of Pseudothilmanus Pic (Coleoptera: Rhagophthalmidae)—a long-term neglected glow-worm beetle genus from the Himalayas

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2794 (1) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ROBIN KUNDRATA ◽

LADISLAV BOCAK

Keyword(s):

Morphological Divergence ◽

Diagnostic Characters ◽

The Family

Pseudothilmanus Pic, 1918 is redescribed and two species, P. alatus Pic, 1918 and P. marginatus Pic, 1918, are placed in the genus. The subgenus Drilothilmanus Pic, 1918 is synonymized with the nominotypical genus on the basis of low morphological divergence and redundancy in classification. Pseudothilmanus is newly classified in the family Rhagophthalmidae, in contrast to the original placement in Drilidae. Diagnostic characters for Pseudothilmanus and both species placed within the genus are illustrated.

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Are Family Firms More Levered? An Analysis of Family and Non-Family Firms

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211022322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 215824402110223

Author(s):

Jahanzaib Haider ◽

Abdul Qayyum ◽

Zalina Zainudin

Keyword(s):

Family Firms ◽

East Asian ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Maturity Structure ◽

The Family ◽

Asian Economies ◽

The Board Of Directors ◽

East Asian Economies ◽

Combined Data

This study analyzes the leverage policies of the family and non-family firms of eight East Asian Economies (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan) by using combined data of 690 family and non-family firms with 3,224 firm–years over the period 2006–2010. This study has used an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for analyzing the data for the first question, while for the second question, logit regression has been used as the dependent variable (a binary variable). Prior research on family and non-family firms has revealed that family firms issue less (high) debt than non-family firms. Our analysis on a sample of East Asian Economies discloses that family firms have significantly different leverage levels than non-family firms, but their signs are not consistent. On the contrary, when the owner works as CEO/Chairman or member of the Board of Directors, then the family firms issue less debt than the non-family firms. Besides that, this study adds a new question that has not been addressed in the prior studies. The new question has focused on the speed of leverage adjustment. It is found that family firms and non-family firms regarding their debt maturity structure (short-term debt and long-term debt), the speed of leverage adjustments, and their decision to issue securities (i.e., debt vs. equity) are not significantly different. This study concluded that though family firms have a strong influence on each economy, but in South-East Asian countries, leverage policies of the family firms are not much different than that of non-family firms.

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Lipoxygenase Inhibition by Plant Extracts

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11020152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Melita Lončarić ◽

Ivica Strelec ◽

Tihomir Moslavac ◽

Drago Šubarić ◽

Valentina Pavić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Food Properties ◽

Lipoxygenase Inhibition ◽

Plant Families ◽

Term Storage ◽

Stimulation Of

Lipoxygenases are widespread enzymes that catalyze oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid) to produce hydroperoxides. Lipoxygenase reactions can be desirable, but also lipoxygenases can react in undesirable ways. Most of the products of lipoxygenase reactions are aromatic compounds that can affect food properties, especially during long-term storage. Lipoxygenase action on unsaturated fatty acids could result in off-flavor/off-odor development, causing food spoilage. In addition, lipoxygenases are present in the human body and play an important role in stimulation of inflammatory reactions. Inflammation is linked to many diseases, such as cancer, stroke, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarized recent research on plant families and species that can inhibit lipoxygenase activity.

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HGG-47. DECREASED GROWTH VELOCITY WITH LONG TERM USE OF BRAFV600e AND MEK INHIBITION IN A PATIENT WITH ANAPLASTIC GANGLIOGLIOMA

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii352-iii352

Author(s):

Hung Tran ◽

Robert Cooper

Keyword(s):

Growth Velocity ◽

Direct Result ◽

Chromosomal Microarray ◽

Mek Inhibition ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

The Family ◽

The Relationship

Abstract PURPOSE To describe decreased growth velocity with long term use of BRAFV600e and MEK inhibition in a patient with anaplastic ganglioglioma. RESULTS 4-year-old patient was found to have a 6 x 4.6 x 5 cm mass in the hypothalamus. Pathology consistent with anaplastic ganglioglioma and chromosomal microarray revealed a BRAFV600e mutation. Patient started on dabrafenib and trametinib and tumor decreased 85% after 3 months. She is stable without significant toxicities 39 months on therapy, and is now 8 years old. Patient had been growing at the 25% for weight and 12% for height but is now 65% for weight and 0.5% for height. It is difficult to tease out the relationship between the tumor, the location of the tumor, and the BRAF and MEK inhibitors and their effect on growth. Discussions with the family and endocrinology are ongoing but being <1% for height will lead to decrease in quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Further follow-up study is needed to determine if this is truly a long-term toxicity, or if this may just be a direct result of the location of the tumor. Would supplementation with growth hormone in this patient lead to losing control of a high grade tumor, or would it simply replace a hormone that is not produced?

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Counseling Families Who Have a Child with a Severe Congenital Anomaly

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.67.3.321 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 321-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norman Fost

Keyword(s):

Congenital Anomaly ◽

Congenital Malformation ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Major Congenital Malformation ◽

Legal Implications ◽

The Family

The birth of an infant with a major congenital malformation is experienced by the family as a calamity. Parents have an urgent need for compassionate and skilled attention, and a long-term need for counseling to help them adapt to the crisis. The difficult ethical and legal implications of such cases further complicate the doctor's ability to care for the patient and family. Potential conflicts of interest have recently led to the use of voluntary consultation by hospital committees, or obligatory involvement by the courts.

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Nondestructive Sampling to Monitor Macrophomina phaseolina Root Colonization in Overwintering Stevia

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-10-20-0092-br ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Layne W. Rogers ◽

Alyssa M. Koehler

Keyword(s):

Root Colonization ◽

Root Zone ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Field Trials ◽

Soil Core ◽

Climate Data ◽

Sample Weight ◽

The Family ◽

Soil Temperatures

Macrophomina phaseolina is a soilborne fungal pathogen in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Microsclerotia of M. phaseolina were first observed at the base of overwintering stevia stems in North Carolina in spring 2016. Previous studies utilized destructive sampling methods to monitor M. phaseolina in stevia fields; however, these methods are not feasible for long-term monitoring of disease in a perennial system. In the current study, nondestructive root soil-core sampling was conducted during overwintering months, from October 2018 to January 2020, to monitor M. phaseolina root colonization in stevia in Rocky Mount, NC. Two-inch-diameter soil cores were collected through the root zone, and fresh weight of roots was recorded for each soil core. M. phaseolina recovery was evaluated by examining mycelial growth from roots plated onto potato dextrose agar. There was no significant effect of sample weight on M. phaseolina across all dates, but there was one date for which sample weight had a significant effect on recovery (P = 0.01; α = 0.05). For both recovery and sample weight, sampling date was a significant predictor (P = 1.68e-5 and P = 0.0389, respectively; α = 0.05). Weather and climate data revealed that dates with no M. phaseolina recovery had lowest mean air and soil temperatures and the greatest number of days below freezing in the month prior to sampling. In separate sampling years, October sampling dates had the highest recovery of M. phaseolina. Future field trials should determine if October samplings can predict survival and vigor of reemerging stevia plants.

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