scholarly journals Rheological and Interaction Analysis of Asphalt Binder, Mastic and Mortar

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Barugahare Javilla ◽  
Wei Hong ◽  
Changluan Pan ◽  
Martin Riara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Asphalt Mastic ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Asphalt Mortar

This paper investigated the rheological properties of asphalt binder, asphalt mastic and asphalt mortar and the interaction between asphalt binder, mineral filler and fine aggregates. Asphalt binder, mastic and mortar can be regarded as the binding phase at different scales in asphalt concrete. Asphalt mastic is a blend of asphalt binder and mineral filler smaller than 0.075 mm while asphalt mortar consists of asphalt binder, mineral filler and fine aggregate smaller than 2.36 mm. The material compositions of mastic and mortar were determined from the commonly used asphalt mixtures. Dynamic shear rheometer was used to conduct rheological analysis on asphalt binder, mastic and mortar. The obtained test data on complex modulus and phase angle were used for the construction of rheological master curves and the investigation of asphalt-filler/aggregate interaction. Test results indicated a modulus increase of three- to five-fold with the addition of filler and a further increase of one to two orders of magnitude with cumulative addition of fine aggregates into asphalt binder. Fine aggregates resulted in a phase change for mortar at high temperatures and low frequencies. The filler had stronger physical interaction than fine aggregate with an interaction parameter of 1.8–2.8 and 1.15–1.35 respectively. Specific area could enhance asphalt-filler interaction. The mastic and mortar modulus can be well predicted based on asphalt binder modulus by using particle filling effect. Asphalt mortar had a significant modulus reinforcement and phase change and thus could be the closest subscale in terms of performance to that of asphalt mixtures. It could be a vital scale that bridges the gap between asphalt binder and asphalt mixtures in multiscale performance analysis.

Measuring Bulk-Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregates: Development of New Test Method

2000 ◽  
Vol 1721 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithvi S. Kandhal ◽  
Rajib B. Mallick ◽  
Mike Huner
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rotating Drum ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Prototype Device

Bulk specific gravity of the fine aggregate is used in hot-mix asphalt volumetric-mix design (including Superpave) to determine the amount of asphalt binder absorbed by the aggregate and the percentage of voids in the mineral aggregate. The current test method (AASHTO T84) uses a cone method to establish the saturated surface dry (SSD) condition of the sample, which is necessary to conduct the test. This method does not work satisfactorily for fine aggregates that are very angular and have rough surface texture and, therefore, do not slump readily when in SSD condition. A research project was undertaken to develop automated equipment and a method of establishing the SSD condition of the fine aggregate. The wet sample of the fine aggregate is placed in a rotating drum and subjected to a steady flow of warm air. The temperature gradient of the incoming and outgoing air and the relative humidity of the outgoing air are monitored to establish the SSD condition. Two prototype devices were constructed. The test results obtained with the second prototype device are encouraging and are reported. Further improvements to be made to the second prototype device to improve the repeatability and reproducibility of the test have been identified.

Laboratory Investigate of the Effect of Fine Aggregates on Asphalt Mixture Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 577-580
Author(s):  
Yong Ye ◽  
Yi Zhou Cai
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Static Creep ◽  
Fine Aggregates

The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the effect of fine aggregates (aggregate size smaller than or equal to 2.36 mm) on the compressive strength and creep behavior of asphalt mixtures. The variables that are considered in the study include the sizes and gradations of fine aggregate. A kind of standant aggregate gradation and four kinds of reduced aggregate gradation mixture specimens are used. Uniaxial compression and static creep tests were realized at different loading conditions. The test results showed that the different fine aggregate sizes do not result in significant differences in compressive strength and creep values using the same percentage of fine aggregates (38.4%). Only the different gradations showed a little differences for mixtures made with different gradations but same aggregate size (between 2.36 and 1.18 mm).

Effect of Addition of Dry Crumb Rubber on the Performance of Terminal Blend Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 2633 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Kocak ◽  
M. Emin Kutay
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic

Three major methods are used to produce crumb rubber modified asphalt pavement: the dry process (CRDry), the terminal blend process (CRTB), and the wet process (CRWet). Although the CRDry process replaces the portion of fine aggregate in the asphalt mixture with crumb rubber (CR) particles, the CRWet process incorporates CR particles into hot liquid asphalt before it is mixed with aggregates. CRTB is known as a special type of CRWet process in which the CR is blended with asphalt binder at the asphalt terminal. In general, the CRWet process can integrate 15% to 22% CR by weight of the binder. This amount ranges from 10% to 12% in the CRTB process as a result of the limitations associated with transportation and pumping. This study investigated the feasibility of increasing the CR content of CRTB modified asphalt mixtures. The addition to the mixture of about 0.5% CR (by weight of the mix) through the CRDry process doubled the amount of rubber to be found in a conventional CRTB mix. The relative performances of the CRTB and the CRTB+CRDry processes [i.e., crumb rubber hybrid (CRHY)] were investigated with respect to their linear viscoelastic properties, rutting susceptibility, moisture damage, resistance to fatigue, and low temperature cracking. It was shown that it was possible to increase the amount of CR in the mixture through the use of the CRHY method proposed here, without adverse effect on the performance of the mixture.

scholarly journals Granular-slurry rheology and asphalt compaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 09010
Author(s):  
Teng Man ◽  
Kimberly Hill
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Dem Simulation ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Slurry Rheology ◽  
Modelling Effort ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Compaction Behaviour

Hot mixed asphalt (HMA) is a mixture of particles (coarse and fine aggregates) and interstitial fluid (asphalt binder) designed to compact and harden for long-lasting roads. In this study, we implement a two-scale approach to capture the compaction behaviour of hot asphalt mixtures using both a granular-slurry rheology (GSR) at a smaller scale and a discrete element method (DEM) simulation at the scale of a compactor. We show that this modelling effort captures the compaction of HMA with different binder viscosities modified by adding graphene nano-platelets (GNP). This research has the capacity to shed light on how the properties of mixture components can influence compaction efficiency and effectiveness.

scholarly journals Effect of Palm Oil Clinker (POC) Aggregate on the Mechanical Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2716
Author(s):  
Ali Babalghaith ◽  
Suhana Koting ◽  
Nor Sulong ◽  
Mohamed Karim ◽  
Syakirah Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Aggregate Composition

Aggregate composition has a pivotal role in ensuring the quality of pavement materials. The use of waste materials to replace the aggregate composition of asphalt pavement leads to green, sustainable, and environmentally friendly construction, which ultimately preserves nature by reducing the need to harvest materials from natural sources. Using the Marshall mix design, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of waste palm oil clinker (POC) as fine aggregates replacement on the properties of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture. Six groups of asphalt mixtures were prepared using different percentages of palm oil clinker content (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). To determine the Marshall properties and select the optimum binder content, asphalt mixture samples with different percentages of asphalt binder content (5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, and 7.0%) were prepared for each group. The results showed that the palm oil clinker was appropriate for use as a fine aggregate replacement up to 100% in SMA mixture and could satisfy the mix design requirements in terms of Marshall stability, flow, quotient, and volumetric properties. However, the percentage of palm oil clinker replacement as fine aggregate has merely influenced the optimum binder content. Furthermore, there were improvements in the drain down, resilient modulus and indirect tensile fatigue performances of the SMA mixture. In conclusion, the use of POC as fine aggregates replacement in SMA mixture indicates a good potential to be commercialized in flexible pavement construction.

scholarly journals Aggregate-Bitumen Interface Enhancement Mechanism of Utilization of Oil Shale Waste as Fine Aggregate in Open Grade Friction Course

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo ◽  
Guo ◽  
Chen ◽  
Li ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Reinforcement Mechanism ◽  
Beam Bending ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Asphalt Mortar

Oil shale waste (OSW), as fine aggregate in the mixture (particle size less than 4.75 mm), can effectively improve the overall properties of open grade friction course (OGFC), but the reinforcement mechanism is not clear. Thus, a comprehensive investigation of the reinforcement mechanism of OSW as fine aggregate is essential to provide better understanding for promoting its engineering application. In this paper, the reinforcement mechanism of OSW was explored through numerical calculations and laboratory tests from three aspects: macroscopic mechanical characteristics of mixture, micromechanics of asphalt mortar containing OSW filler, and adsorption characteristics of OSW. Numerical simulation results showed that the aggregate with a particle size greater than 4.75 mm in OGFC is the skeleton, which is the main loading bearing aggregate, and the skeleton bears more than 85% of external loads. The beam bending test and indirect tensile test results illustrated that the introduction of OSW improves the shear resistance and flexure-tension resistance properties of asphalt mortar, which is beneficial the overall properties of OGFC. From the Brunauer Emmett Tell test and Scanning Electron Microscope test, it was known that OSW has large specific surface area, dense pore structure, and various mesoporous shapes, which means a larger adsorption area and stronger adsorption with asphalt binder. Three self-developed tests containing asphalt adsorption capacity test, infiltrated asphalt saturation test and aggregate-bitumen interface observation test manifested that the existence of “claws”-pointed synapses at OSW-bitumen interface is the main reason for the significant improvement of properties of asphalt mortar containing OSW filler.

Performance Investigate of Fine Aggregate Size and Content on Asphalt Mastic

2012 ◽  
Vol 424-425 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Zhong Rong Zhu ◽  
Yong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Asphalt Mastic ◽  
Static Creep ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Asphalt Mastics

The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the compressive strength and creep behavior of fine aggregates on asphalt mastic. The variables that are considered in the study include the size and content of fine aggregates. Eight types of mastic specimens consisting of bitumen with various volume fractions of different kinds of fine aggregates were used. Unixal compression and static creep tests were realized at different loading conditions. The results found that, in general, asphalt mastics made with different aggregate sizes but same volume fraction (64%) have slight difference in compressive strength and creep values. However, those values show significant differences for mastics made with different volume fractions but same aggregate size (between 2.36 and 1.18 mm). Moreover, the asphalt mastic with 64% volume fraction has better deformation resistance.

scholarly journals Estimating the Asphalt Binder Film Thickness Using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fazli Karim ◽  
Jawad Hussain ◽  
Imran Hafeez
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Asphalt Mastic ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Scanning Electron

Asphalt binder film thickness has relation to mixing temperature and binder content in hot mix asphalt, which influences mixture’s performance. A significant variation in assessing the asphalt binder film thickness has been observed in the literature. Development of state of the art technology and Superpave specification requires the study of actual asphalt binder film thickness at micro-level. This study estimates asphalt binder film thickness at micro-level and compares results with those obtained through analytical models from the previous studies. The study utilizes different asphalt mixtures at various mixing temperatures and binder contents. The asphalt binder film thickness around the finest particles of 500 nm (0.5 micron) size in asphalt mastic was detected and measured by image analysis (using scanning electron microscope) and elemental analysis (using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) at magnifying power of ×30,000. The analytical estimation revealed that the asphalt binder film thickness for the aforementioned conditions varies from 9 μm to 13 μm, with a fair relationship to binder content and mixing temperature. However, results obtained from image analysis revealed that the asphalt binder film thickness varies from 0.5 μm to 2.4 μm, with no relation to binder content and mixing temperature. The image analysis showed that the asphalt mixtures mostly contain asphalt mortar and asphalt mastic, occurring in irregular shape. It was also found that the asphalt binder film does exist as a separate entity inside the asphalt mastic in the form of a band around the filler particles as non-absorbed binder, which fills the approximate distance of 0.5 to 2.5 microns among filler particles.

Analysis of Increase Reason on AC-13 Asphalt Mixtures Voids

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 1732-1738
Author(s):  
Shuai Tuan Tian ◽  
Song Ye ◽  
Zhen Yu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Fine Material ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Designing Method ◽  
Molding Methods

We make specimens with different gradation types ,different fine aggregates , different molding methods, we calculate their air voids , we analyze the cause of increased porosity of mixture from different aspects. The results show that when we use the same aggregate and the same gradation, the air voids show small difference from the designing method of Gyratory Compactor and Marshall ; when we use the same molding methods and and gradations and different fine aggregates to form specimens, the void ratio of basalt fine material is larger,the the void ratio of limestone fine material is smaller; The main reason is the bulk density of basalt fine aggregate is larger,and it is not easy to compaction.

scholarly journals Assessing the Asphalt Binder Film Thickness in Recycled Asphalt Mixtures Using Micro-Level Techniques

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7891
Author(s):  
Fazli Karim ◽  
Jawad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Asphalt Mastic ◽  
Micro Level

Adequate asphalt binder film thickness (ABFT) delivers skeletal integrity in recycled asphalt mixtures, resulting in long-lasting roadways when exposed to traffic and environment. The inaccurate measurement of ABFT and the consequences of not having adequate film thickness model has substantially introduced discrepancies in predicting actual performance of recycled asphalt mixtures. Expansion of the ultra-modern expertise and SuperPave requirements necessitate the revision of authentic ABFT at micro-level. The current study identifies the weaknesses of the current methods of estimating ABFT and provides results that are reliable and useful, using modern measurement methods. Using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), this study measures the ABFT around the tiniest particle of 0.2 μm magnitude, entrenched in asphalt mastic in recycled asphalt mixtures. The ABFT, obtained through image analysis, is compared with those obtained through available analytical models. The study utilizes different asphalt mixtures, containing varying proportions of recycled asphalt mixture and rejuvenators. The aggregate, virgin, and recycled binders were characterized in terms of physical and rheological properties, respectively. Marshall mix design was carried out for the conventional and recycled mixture, containing 40%, 50%, and 60% recycled materials, rejuvenated with 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% waste engine oil (WEO) at a mixing temperature of 160 °C, based on viscosity of the virgin and rejuvenated binder. ABFT was assessed through analytical models and image analysis for the aforesaid recycled asphalt mixtures, prepared at optimum binder and rejuvenator content as per protocol outlined in ASTM D1559. The analytical estimation of ABFT, in the aforesaid recycled asphalt mixtures, revealed that the ABFT fluctuates from 6.4 μm to 13.7 microns, with a significant association to recycled asphalt mixture and rejuvenator content. However, the image analysis revealed that the ABFT, in the aforesaid recycled asphalt mixtures, fluctuates from 0.4 μm to 2 microns, without any association to recycled asphalt mixture or rejuvenator content. The image analysis indicated that the recycled asphalt mixtures typically comprise of mortar, happening in uneven shape, and are used to grip large aggregates. The asphalt mastic, a blend of bitumen and mineral filler, was found to be an interlocking agent, used to grasp only fine particles in asphalt mortar. The asphalt binder film was discovered to be a deviating stand-alone entity that only exists around the mineral fillers in the asphalt mastic as a non-absorbed binder, occupying an imprecise space of 0.4 μm to 2 microns, among the filler particles. The current findings will be useful to design asphalt pavements through the aforesaid precise limit of SEM-based ABFT rather than traditionally measured ABFT to predict the actual performance of recycled asphalt mixtures.

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