scholarly journals From a Basic Microalga and an Acetic Acid Bacterium Cellulose Producer to a Living Symbiotic Biofilm

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Vítor Nóbrega ◽  
Marisa Faria ◽  
Antera Quintana ◽  
Manfred Kaufmann ◽  
Artur Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Living Material ◽  
First Time

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has recently been the subject of a considerable amount of research, not only for its environmentally friendly biosynthesis, but also for its high potential in areas such as biomedicine or biomaterials. A symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic microalga, Chlamydomonas debaryana, and a cellulose producer bacterium, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans, was established in order to obtain a viable and active biofilm. The effect of the growth media composition ratio on the produced living material was investigated, as well as the microalgae biomass quantity, temperature, and incubation time. The optimal temperature for higher symbiotic biofilm production was 30 °C with an incubation period of 14 days. The high microalgae presence, 0.75% w/v, and 60:40 HS:BG-11 medium (v/v) induced a biofilm microalgae incorporation rate of 85%. The obtained results report, for the first time, a successful symbiotic interaction developed in situ between an alkaline photosynthetic microalga and an acetic acid bacterium. These results are promising and open a new window to BC living biofilm applications in medical fields that have not yet been explored.

scholarly journals Graphene spin-coated electrode for polyacrylonitrile acoustic nanogenerators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Aghayari
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Nanoparticles ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Coated Electrode ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Piezoelectric Nanogenerators ◽  
High Dust ◽  
Screen Ink

Abstract In recent years piezoelectric nanogenerators, due to their more durability in high dust or humidity are more attractive than triboelectric ones. So, increasing their outputs is the subject of much researches. I focused on electrodes of the acoustic nanofibers nanogenerators for the first time. Here, I introduced a new electrode that is cheaper and does not result in lower outputs. Here for the first time graphene spin-coated ink was used for polyacrylonitrile-based acoustic nanogenerator. The results of the tests compared with the in-situ synthesis of nickel nanoparticles on the layer and using graphene spin-coated screen ink and conductive tapes. Finally, producing sound by this graphene ink was done too.

Louis Hunton (1814-1838) - English Pioneer in Ammonite Biostratigraphy

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Torrens ◽  
T. Getty
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Demonstration ◽  
Open Cast

In any discussion of the historical development of what was later to be named Biostratigraphy it is often assumed that a modern basis for the subject had already been reached by the cumulative work in the subject up to 1815; culminating in that of William Smith (1769-1839) and Alexandre Brongniart (1770-1847). But to this time fossils had only been used to identify (and discriminate between) often repetitive lithological units or to establish a relationship between rock units in different areas. The practical demonstration that particular lithological units could be regularly subdivided with significant consequences, on the basis of their contained fossils was a later achievement over several generations. One of the first to free stratigraphical palaeontology from such a lithological control was the forgotten Englishman Louis Hunton (1814-1838). In this paper Hunton's origins from a successful alum making family in the north-east of Yorkshire in the north of England and his short life and scientific work are described for the first time. The family business of alum making from the highly fossiliferous local alum shales, which were extracted open-cast, directly introduced Hunton to stratigraphical palaeontology. He followed up this work by study in London, where his pioneering paper was read to the Geological Society of London in 1836. He died less than 2 years later but had helped lay a foundation for major biostratigraphic advances by his insistence that only fossils collected in situ should be used in such work and then that the species, of especially ammonites, in his Yorkshire strata had particularly limited and invariable relative positions within that lithological sequence. His work is also compared with that of his contemporary W.C. Williamson and the conclusion reached that Hunton, because of his emphasis in the merits of ammonites, deserves more to be remembered as a pioneer of Jurassic biostratigraphy.

MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE SHORES OF THE VISTULA SPIT (THE BALTIC SEA) IN A PERIOD OF 2002-2015 BY RESULTS OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bobykina ◽  
Valentina Bobykina ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Konstantin Karmanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Rate ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the quantitative characteristics of the Vistula Spit shore dynamics based on the ground-based monitoring data for 2002-2015 were presented. On the sea shore, 3 sections can be distinguished by the direction of coastal processes, i.e. the stable section to the north of the Strait of Baltiysk, the eroded 4-km section to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk, with maximum erosion rate up to 2 m/year; in the remaining area of the Spit (21 km) to the Polish border there is an alternation of stable, eroded and accumulative areas. Since 2011, a steady erosion (in the stable segments of the third section) and general weakening of the erosion rate (in the second section) have been recorded. 50% of the length of the lagoon shore was the subject to annual active erosion (0.2 - 1.4 m/year). The beaches of the sea and lagoon shores of the Vistula Spit were mainly composed of medium sands. The alongshore variability in particle size distribution on the sea and lagoon shores (according to the 2015 survey data) actually fail to correlate with long-term dynamic processes, with the exception of the steadily eroded 4-kilometer area on the sea coast to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk. Variations in the composition of sediment along the shore on the shoreline are most likely associated with the results of the latest wave processing (or storm processing and eolian transport in the case of an average beach sample).

Arteries of the antebrachium and manus of the tokay (Gekko gecko) (Reptilia: Gekkonidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Gekko Gecko ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Adhesive Pads ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

The role of the circulatory system in the functioning of the subdigital adhesive pads of geckoes has been the subject of much discussion. However, the morphology and configuration of the blood system in the foot has remained poorly understood, rendering functional interpretation of the blood sinuses simplistic. Here the major arterial vessels of the manus are described for the first time and a discussion of their geometry is presented. Due to the paucity of information concerning the arterial system of the appendages of lizards a description of the major vessels of the antebrachium is also given.The data presented are based on the study of material injected with low-viscosity silicone rubber and then cleared so that vessels may be studied in situ. The data are pertinent to subsequent discussions of the microvasculature of the subdigital lamellae and of reconsiderations of their structure and form.

scholarly journals Fungal Associates of Soft Scale Insects (Coccomorpha: Coccidae)

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Teresa Szklarzewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Michalik ◽  
Beata Grzywacz ◽  
Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Anna Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Symbiont Transmission ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
First Time

Ophiocordyceps fungi are commonly known as virulent, specialized entomopathogens; however, recent studies indicate that fungi belonging to the Ophiocordycypitaceae family may also reside in symbiotic interaction with their host insect. In this paper, we demonstrate that Ophiocordyceps fungi may be obligatory symbionts of sap-sucking hemipterans. We investigated the symbiotic systems of eight Polish species of scale insects of Coccidae family: Parthenolecanium corni, Parthenolecanium fletcheri, Parthenolecanium pomeranicum, Psilococcus ruber, Sphaerolecanium prunasti, Eriopeltis festucae, Lecanopsis formicarum and Eulecanium tiliae. Our histological, ultrastructural and molecular analyses showed that all these species host fungal symbionts in the fat body cells. Analyses of ITS2 and Beta-tubulin gene sequences, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that they should all be classified to the genus Ophiocordyceps. The essential role of the fungal symbionts observed in the biology of the soft scale insects examined was confirmed by their transovarial transmission between generations. In this paper, the consecutive stages of fungal symbiont transmission were analyzed under TEM for the first time.

MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE SHORES OF THE VISTULA SPIT (THE BALTIC SEA) IN A PERIOD OF 2002-2015 BY RESULTS OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bobykina ◽  
Valentina Bobykina ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Konstantin Karmanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Rate ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the quantitative characteristics of the Vistula Spit shore dynamics based on the ground-based monitoring data for 2002-2015 were presented. On the sea shore, 3 sections can be distinguished by the direction of coastal processes, i.e. the stable section to the north of the Strait of Baltiysk, the eroded 4-km section to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk, with maximum erosion rate up to 2 m/year; in the remaining area of the Spit (21 km) to the Polish border there is an alternation of stable, eroded and accumulative areas. Since 2011, a steady erosion (in the stable segments of the third section) and general weakening of the erosion rate (in the second section) have been recorded. 50% of the length of the lagoon shore was the subject to annual active erosion (0.2 - 1.4 m/year). The beaches of the sea and lagoon shores of the Vistula Spit were mainly composed of medium sands. The alongshore variability in particle size distribution on the sea and lagoon shores (according to the 2015 survey data) actually fail to correlate with long-term dynamic processes, with the exception of the steadily eroded 4-kilometer area on the sea coast to the south of the Strait of Baltiysk. Variations in the composition of sediment along the shore on the shoreline are most likely associated with the results of the latest wave processing (or storm processing and eolian transport in the case of an average beach sample).

Biofilm-associated indole acetic acid producing bacteria and their impact in the proliferation of biofilm mats in solar salterns

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Kerkar ◽  
Laxmi Raiker ◽  
Anil Tiwari ◽  
Shanmugam Mayilraj ◽  
Syed Dastager
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Solar Salterns ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizers ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Axenic Conditions ◽  
In Situ Assay

AbstractBiofilm mats appear in salterns distinctively during the monsoon season when the salinity decreases below 12 percentile salinity units and within a short period cover the entire surface area of the saltern. A study was carried out in two salterns viz. Nerul and Curca to find a possible reason for the rapid proliferation of these solar biofilms. Out of the 125 bacteria isolated from these biofilms, 16 produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Rapid in-situ assay with Salkowski reagent and HPLC analysis confirmed the IAA production. Four isolates consistently produced high IAA concentrations ranging from 9.5 to 14.2 μg/mL in the presence of 4 mg/mL tryptophan concentrations in the growth media. The IAA-producing bacteria were Aeromonas aquariorum (N2), Pseudomonas alcaliphila (N3), Vibrio diazotrophicus (N6) and Pseudomonas pachastrellae (C3). These four IAA-producing bacteria also produced other growth promoting factors like ammonia. Three isolates produced siderophores and were phosphate solubilizers. There was enhancement in the growth of Cicer arietinum (length of the shoot and root) under axenic conditions and of biofilm mats (r = 0.9, p < 0.001; r = 0.8, p < 0.05 and r = 0.946, p < 0.01, respectively). This is, according to our knowledge, the first report indicating IAA-producing bacteria isolated from biofilms enhancing the proliferation of these biofilm mats in the solar salterns.

A Practical Approach to Low Temperature Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Water ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Living Material ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy

Water is the most abundant and most important molecule in the hydrosphere, outer lithosphere and the biosphere of our planet. It is also the most abundant and energetically the least expensive building block of living material, forms an integral parts of natural inorganic matrices such as soil and is a constituent of many synthetic organic materials such as paints and polymers. Paradoxically, water does not exist naturally, in the pure state. Water, when converted to the solid state, can provide the perfect matrix in which we may observe the structure and study the in situ chemistry of hydrated samples. We will consider the nature of this solid matrix, and its constituent components in a range of sample, and show how it may be formed, manipulated, examined and analysed. In the short amount of time and space available, one can do little more than highlight the main features of the subject.

Direct Observations of the Epitaxial Growth of Sputtered Ag on Si

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J. S. Maa ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
In Situ Electron Microscopy ◽  
Beam Sputtering ◽  
The Subject

The growth of Ag films deposited on various substrate materials such as MoS2, mica, graphite, and MgO has been investigated extensively using the in situ electron microscopy technique. The three stages of film growth, namely, the nucleation, growth of islands followed by liquid-like coalescence have been observed in both the vacuum vapor deposited and ion beam sputtered thin films. The mechanisms of nucleation and growth of silver films formed by ion beam sputtering on the (111) plane of silicon comprise the subject of this paper. A novel mode of epitaxial growth is observed to that seen previously.The experimental arrangement for the present study is the same as previous experiments, and the preparation procedure for obtaining thin silicon substrate is presented in a separate paper.

Probing the Dynamic Self-Assembly Behaviour of Photoswitchable Wormlike Micelles in Real Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Kelly ◽  
Judith E. Houston ◽  
Rachel Evans
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Wormlike Micelles ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Processes

Understanding the dynamic self-assembly behaviour of azobenzene photosurfactants (AzoPS) is crucial to advance their use in controlled release applications such as<i></i>drug delivery and micellar catalysis. Currently, their behaviour in the equilibrium <i>cis-</i>and <i>trans</i>-photostationary states is more widely understood than during the photoisomerisation process itself. Here, we investigate the time-dependent self-assembly of the different photoisomers of a model neutral AzoPS, <a>tetraethylene glycol mono(4′,4-octyloxy,octyl-azobenzene) </a>(C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>) using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We show that the incorporation of <i>in-situ</i>UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy with SANS allows the scattering profile, and hence micelle shape, to be correlated with the extent of photoisomerisation in real-time. It was observed that C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>could switch between wormlike micelles (<i>trans</i>native state) and fractal aggregates (under UV light), with changes in the self-assembled structure arising concurrently with changes in the absorption spectrum. Wormlike micelles could be recovered within 60 seconds of blue light illumination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the degree of AzoPS photoisomerisation has been tracked <i>in</i><i>-situ</i>through combined UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy-SANS measurements. This technique could be widely used to gain mechanistic and kinetic insights into light-dependent processes that are reliant on self-assembly.

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